學佛考訓 卷1

清 淨挺輯

學佛考訓

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學佛考訓序

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讀書難讀佛書尤難不博通不旁覽遂呶呶于是非J34nB295_p0001a03得失之間蓋鮮有合也俍亭和尚于學無不窺著書J34nB295_p0001a04滿家卓卓自命矣雖然猶有慮今所稱禪學者J34nB295_p0001a05闇於綠字赤文者也經生之家守其師說又不習禪J34nB295_p0001a06奈何於是取三古以來百世而上華梵語言及其J34nB295_p0001a07行事探逸集微判為十部碎金積玉一無所遺大要J34nB295_p0001a08足以贊空王延慧命扶庶類正人倫一覽之間儒佛J34nB295_p0001a09畢備矣俍和尚之心何其廣且大也息波道人見而J34nB295_p0001a10善之充厥篇章更為詮次用投貝葉之林將補貫華J34nB295_p0001a11之義余歡喜踊躍敬題其首

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康熙九年佛誕日禹航同學弟嚴沆拜書

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學佛考訓卷一

J34nB295_p0001b02 J34nB295_p0001b03 J34nB295_p0001b04

梵述

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周書異紀》,首讖金人竺國高僧共傳碧眼聿尋康J34nB295_p0001b06會之班為徵華梵之合

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輟耕錄:「京師栴檀像頗著靈異故老相傳其像四J34nB295_p0001b08體無所倚著人君有道則至其國。」學士程鉅夫瑞像J34nB295_p0001b09殿碑亦云:「佛升叨利天為母說法優填國王乃刻栴J34nB295_p0001b10檀為像蓋目連以神力挕三十二匠升叨利諦觀相J34nB295_p0001b11好乃成也及佛來歸栴檀步空向佛作禮佛為摩頂J34nB295_p0001b12授記曰:『我滅度後汝從震旦廣利人天。』繇是從西土J34nB295_p0001b13至龜茲入涼州抵長安江南汴梁北至燕京居聖安J34nB295_p0001b14自優填造像至延祐丙辰凡二千二百有七年J34nB295_p0001b15著神異。」

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周書異記:「穆王五十二年二月十五日天沸星出J34nB295_p0001b17不雲而雨山吼波逆塵剎大震暴風忽起西方有白J34nB295_p0001b18虹十二道南北通過此時佛涅槃也。」涅槃在跋提河J34nB295_p0001b19畔娑羅林中

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四明阿育王塔晉太康三年從地湧出露盤五層J34nB295_p0001b21懸小鐘舍利綴於鐘下圓轉不定或作葡萄色或如J34nB295_p0001b22金蓮花或如車輪五色變幻光彩映人非常有也J34nB295_p0001b23釋鑑》,周共和九年東天竺國阿育王盡收西域諸塔J34nB295_p0001b24及龍宮舍利夜役鬼神碎七寶末造八萬四千寶塔J34nB295_p0001b25命耶舍尊者舒指放光八萬四千道一光盡處安置J34nB295_p0001b26一塔遍娑婆界在此震旦國者一十九所四明其一J34nB295_p0001b27

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佛國記:「摩竭提國是阿育王所治城中宮殿皆鬼J34nB295_p0001b29神作非世所造。」

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佛國記:「那竭國城東北有佛錫杖牛頭栴檀所成J34nB295_p0001c01長丈六七許正復千百人舉不能動。」

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廣弘明集:「瑜珈之建寶塔百鬼助以日工雀離之J34nB295_p0001c03起浮圖四王扶其夜力。」按雀離塔在健馱國高七十J34nB295_p0001c04周三百步王修浮圖工木既訖有鐵柱無能上者J34nB295_p0001c05王乃燒香散花感四王天來助一舉便到塔內事物J34nB295_p0001c06咸是金玉旭日始開則金盤晃朗微風漸發則寶鐸J34nB295_p0001c07和鳴西域浮圖此為第一。《伽藍記:「此浮圖天火七J34nB295_p0001c08佛法當滅。」

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寶康初道安至襄陽立寺建浮圖鑄銅像能起自行J34nB295_p0001c10光明燭天又秦王符堅送外國金像彌勒至道安所J34nB295_p0001c11光嘗照室以頂含舍利也

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太康中朱士衡得梵本道行經》。時于闐國王積火焚J34nB295_p0001c13火滅經存色更鮮彩士衡許州人黃初間棄俗出J34nB295_p0001c14為此土沙門講經之始

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僧會者康居國丞相子也出家遊行入中國至吳J34nB295_p0001c16茆行道吳帝延見言佛舍利甚異帝因設瓶嘿禱求J34nB295_p0001c17經七日鏘然有聲光明錯發帝與公卿聚觀因建J34nB295_p0001c18塔於建業佛佗里寺名建初時赤烏四年也

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吳帝問僧會曰:「佛教所明善惡報應何者是耶?」對曰J34nB295_p0001c20明主以孝慈訓世則赤烏翔而老人星見仁德育物J34nB295_p0001c21則醴泉湧而嘉善應以瑞惡亦有報。」帝悅奉會J34nB295_p0001c22為師

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永和中有金像現於荊州大司馬桓溫迎之不動J34nB295_p0001c24江陵滕畯捨宅為寺命法師曇翼主之翼率眾往迎J34nB295_p0001c25飄然輕舉奉安本寺

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曇翼曇彥號二曇住法華山翼生腋下有毳毛三莖J34nB295_p0001c27故名翼先是餘杭沙門法志誦法華經》,階下有雉J34nB295_p0001c28聽凡七年化去志夢童子來謝曰:「因聽大經得離羽J34nB295_p0001c29今生前山王氏為兒。」志至其家果驗視腋下有毳J34nB295_p0001c30因攜出俗後入廬山依遠公復往關中見羅什東還J34nB295_p0002a01會稽隱秦望山法華經以老彥亦負時望相傳為J34nB295_p0002a02許詢後身壽一百二十歲

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曇翼法華經十二年一夕忽有女子身披彩服J34nB295_p0002a04牽白豕至:「入山採薇迫日豺獸縱橫敢托一J34nB295_p0002a05宿。」翼力卻之女哀鳴不已令居草床夜半號呼腹痛J34nB295_p0002a06急告翼按摩翼辭以持戒女呼愈甚翼乃以布裹J34nB295_p0002a07遙按之翌日女化祥雲有白豕雙蓮凌空而去J34nB295_p0002a08翼曰:「我普賢大士來試汝耳。」郡守孟顗聞於朝建法J34nB295_p0002a09華寺紀其異

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晉沙門帛法橋誦經乏聲禱大士者七晝夜豁然通J34nB295_p0002a11自是諷詠聲徹里門

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晉沙門竺道猷初止剡山後移赤城群虎蹲前猷誦J34nB295_p0002a13一虎竟睡猷以如意扣之:「何不聽經?」經畢虎去J34nB295_p0002a14又坐禪石室有大蛇十圍環遶猷不為動一日見男J34nB295_p0002a15子前來:「弟子夏帝之子居此二千餘年今往寒石J34nB295_p0002a16輒推室以相奉。」乃鳴鞞凌雲而去蓋郎前大蛇也

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晉建興中有石佛二浮海來入吳松江道俗爭迎J34nB295_p0002a18能致有朱膺者奉佛素謹往迎之其輕如羽奉安通J34nB295_p0002a19玄寺其一維衛佛其一迦葉佛也

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習鑿齒嘗詣道安自稱曰:「四海習鑿齒。」安對曰:「彌天J34nB295_p0002a21釋道安。」兩人因相得甚歡習遺書謝東山有云:「若安J34nB295_p0002a22非常勝士恨公不一見耳。」

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符堅時籃田得古鼎容二十有七斛朝士無識之者J34nB295_p0002a24以問道安安曰:「魯襄公所鑄也。」腹有篆文果信由是J34nB295_p0002a25堅敕三館學士皆師於安國人語曰:「學不師安義不J34nB295_p0002a26禁難。」

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天竺沙門真諦嘗譯起信》、《俱舍等論往來河渚間J34nB295_p0002a28坐具敷水面跏趺其上或折荷葉而濟時人奇之J34nB295_p0002a29圖像爭相奉祀

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尸黎蜜多羅尊者天竺國太子也讓王位出俗至建J34nB295_p0002b01丞相王導見之曰:「此我輩人也。」太尉庾亮光祿周J34nB295_p0002b02廷尉桓彝一時名公皆造門結友時呼為高座法J34nB295_p0002b03善梵唄,《清響》、《凌雲》、《孔雀諸經皆其所譯

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佛馱耶舍天竺國人也毗婆沙論而髭赤因號赤J34nB295_p0002b05髭毗婆沙至長安秦主郊迎供設如王者師一無所J34nB295_p0002b06時至分衛一食而

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佛馱耶舍遊匡山為遠公所重嘗負鐵建塔於紫霄J34nB295_p0002b08峰頂奉安舍利

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慧持廬山遠公弟也晉隆安中辭遠公入蜀止嘉州J34nB295_p0002b10龍淵寺義熙八年垂誡門徒入定龕樹至宋徽宗政J34nB295_p0002b11和三年風折其樹持乃出定

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鳩摩羅什父羅炎天竺人也龜茲國王聞其名請為J34nB295_p0002b13國師王有妹遂逼妻焉生羅什什在胎其母慧解異J34nB295_p0002b14因名羅什此言童壽云

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杯渡在彭城聞羅什入關嘆曰:「吾與此子戲別三百J34nB295_p0002b16年矣相見杳然遲於來世耳。」什在秦九年而卒闍維J34nB295_p0002b17舌根不壞

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羅什嘗與母謁北山尊者尊者謂其母曰:「善護此沙J34nB295_p0002b19年三十五毘尼無缺度人如優波鞠多不爾正俊J34nB295_p0002b20法師耳。」

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僧肇幼家貧為人傭書遂博觀子史尤善》、《》。年二J34nB295_p0002b22十為沙門三十二而卒詳定經論學者輻輳設難交J34nB295_p0002b23並迎而解

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杯渡行於路攜一蘆圈中有四小兒長數寸眉目如J34nB295_p0002b25杯渡語人曰:「此四天王也。」童子時時見之

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支謙字恭明月氏人初遊雒邑受學於支亮亮受學J34nB295_p0002b27於支讖世稱天下博知不出三支。」謙博覽經藉為人J34nB295_p0002b28細長黑瘦眼多白而睛黃時人語曰:「支郎眼中黃J34nB295_p0002b29雖細是智囊。」後避地歸吳吳主拜為博士嘗譯經一J34nB295_p0002b30百二十九部

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道寶王丞相茂弘弟也辭榮為僧以學行顯

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佛圖澄天竺國人也永嘉四年至雒陽百餘歲J34nB295_p0002c03氣自養積日不食善誦咒役使鬼神腹旁有孔以綿J34nB295_p0002c04塞之夜則出光自照每臨水從孔出腸胃洗濯還納J34nB295_p0002c05腹中雒陽寇亂潛伏草野石勒屯葛陂杖錫往見J34nB295_p0002c06水咒之俄青蓮華生缽內勒子斌既死澄以楊枝洒J34nB295_p0002c07復活益著奇跡壽一百七十度弟子道安等七千J34nB295_p0002c08餘人

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佛馱跋陀罽賓國人也秦太子姚泓延入東宮與羅J34nB295_p0002c10什辯法既渡江至匡山見遠公論義遠高之

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道安法師依陸渾山木食澗飲武帝立檀溪寺居之J34nB295_p0002c12秦堅破襄陽奉師以去謂左右曰:「吾以十萬師取襄J34nB295_p0002c13得一人半耳。」左右問為誰堅曰:「安公一人習鑿齒J34nB295_p0002c14半人也。」師左臂有肉隆起方寸如印號印手菩薩J34nB295_p0002c15貌寢時語曰:「漆道人驚四鄰。」

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太元中道安入寂時西北雲開見樓閣幻出有異僧J34nB295_p0002c17出入隙中指曰:「彼兜率天也。」

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傅大士名翕字玄風號善慧結庵雙樹因號雙林大J34nB295_p0002c19種植蔬果為人傭作與妻妙光子普建普成共衍J34nB295_p0002c20佛法嘗謂其子曰:「我從第四天來出生於此。」

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寶誌公不知何所出東陽朱氏婦聞兒啼鷹巢中J34nB295_p0002c22以為子故手足皆鷹爪也七歲依鍾山僧出家多顯J34nB295_p0002c23神異常以剪尺拂扇掛杖頭負之行聚落蓋齊梁之J34nB295_p0002c24讖云

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誌公嘗食鱠旋吐水中皆活洒然而去

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智者國師姓樓名惠約婺州人也梁武帝時召見等J34nB295_p0002c27覺殿忽合掌入玻璃瓶中結跏趺坐少選化五色雲J34nB295_p0002c28臺而出帝北面頂禮受戒

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普通初僧稠住王屋山聞兩虎交鬥以錫杖中解J34nB295_p0002c30散去

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達禪師得水觀三昧每入此定有窺之者惟見清水J34nB295_p0003a02凝渟滿室沙門道僊從達遊得火光三昧所居之室J34nB295_p0003a03玄夜朗照

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慧約法師梁武嘗從受戒羯磨日甘露霄降孔雀來J34nB295_p0003a05得戒者四萬八千人及約示寂所乘青牛為之垂J34nB295_p0003a06雙鶴悲鳴彌月而去

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白足沙門名曇始一名惠始清河張氏子也白足跣J34nB295_p0003a08泥滓不染故名赫連屈丐取長安道俗被戮而始J34nB295_p0003a09接刃無傷屈丐怒召始於前以短刀自擊之竟不能J34nB295_p0003a10

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魏太武既誅沙門盡毀經像白足謁太武武怒命斬J34nB295_p0003a12不能傷又自抽佩刀擊之亦不能入投諸虎檻J34nB295_p0003a13皆弭服武驚延師上殿悔謝皈敬

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周武將滅佛法有僧靜藹上書力諍不得遂歸太乙J34nB295_p0003a15敕遣侍者跏坐磐石自割身肉五臟皆外見手足J34nB295_p0003a16頭面臠析都盡以刀割心捧之而卒次日合掌趺坐J34nB295_p0003a17如故所傷餘骸一無遺血白乳湧流凝於石上

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慧力寺僧善周沐浴而化五日後鬚髮再生

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天竺國惠理法師至浙西見山巖秀麗:「此吾靈鷲J34nB295_p0003a20山十小嶺不知何年飛來。」有洞舊藏白猿呼之猿果J34nB295_p0003a21

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隋仁壽初京城鑄丈六金像其日雨寶屑銀花香氣J34nB295_p0003a23甚異又法師元琬造丈六金像始成天雨花花狀如J34nB295_p0003a24雲母

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隋開皇中釋道英入水宴坐六宿方出又值冰厚雪J34nB295_p0003a26仰臥三宿方起

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大業初慧侃住棲霞寺往楊都偲法師所將還寺眾J34nB295_p0003a28請現神力侃即從窗中出臂長數十丈

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金舌和尚趙人也修道中條山唐睿宗三召不至J34nB295_p0003a30截其舌以進焚之化為金舌哦經如故

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清涼僧海豐苦行二十餘年人見其眉睫間常化佛J34nB295_p0003b02百千大如黍米往來遊行不覺也

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藥王菩薩姓韋氏名古字老師疏勒人也開元中至J34nB295_p0003b04紗巾毳袍杖藜而行腰懸葫蘆數百普施藥餌J34nB295_p0003b05一黑犬自隨凡有患者視之即愈帝敬禮為藥王菩J34nB295_p0003b06

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唐使王玄策過西域視維摩故居以手板量之方廣J34nB295_p0003b12十笏蓋方丈所由名也維摩詰此云無垢毘耶離J34nB295_p0003b13云廣嚴有妻金姬子善思女月上大闡奇跡

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宗實上人樊司空子也捨官位妻子出家白居易作J34nB295_p0003b15偈贈之有云:「榮華恩愛棄成唾戒定真如和作香J34nB295_p0003b16古雖殊同一法瞿曇拋卻轉輪王。」

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皎然名晝霅州人與靈徹遊甚善徹字澄源居越州J34nB295_p0003b18雲門精持戒律又杭之西嶺僧標有高行三人齊名J34nB295_p0003b19時人語曰:「霅之晝能清秀越之徹洞冰雪杭之標J34nB295_p0003b20青霄。」

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貫休善畫兼能詩嘗題簡禪師院云:「忘機室入空J34nB295_p0003b22與沃洲同惟有半庭竹能生竟日風登山海月上J34nB295_p0003b23定印香終繼後傳衣者還須立雪中。」

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溫州淨居寺尼玄機嘗習定於平陽山石窟開元中J34nB295_p0003b25倒立而化將葬風雷陰黯失其柩越二日有自大石J34nB295_p0003b26來者:「是夕空中有簫磬聲置峰上矣。」

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婁道者承天寺僧也生有異相掌中一目中指七節J34nB295_p0003c01乾興七年側臥而化焚之三日衣裓不動忽雷雨驟J34nB295_p0003c02薪火皆滅中出白煙自焚立盡獨留目睛與舌根J34nB295_p0003c03不壞舍利無數

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金碧峰不知何許人高皇起兵見之宣州峰跏趺危J34nB295_p0003c05不為禮上叱峰亦叱上曰:「可曾見殺人將軍乎?」J34nB295_p0003c06:「可曾見不怕死和尚乎?」上乃釋劍作禮峰徐曰:「J34nB295_p0003c07康可王也。」洪武初上既即位召見奉天殿敕施摩伽J34nB295_p0003c08斛食大興佛事入滅舍利五色

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尚師哈立麻者烏思藏僧也永樂中命建法壇十四J34nB295_p0003c10天花飛墜甘露降空有舍利自天而下青鸞白鶴J34nB295_p0003c11連霄畢集金仙羅漢變現雲表又聞天樂來空一夕J34nB295_p0003c12檜柏生金色花遍於都城內外帝自此潛心釋典J34nB295_p0003c13佛曲使宮中歌舞之

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瓦領禪伯西僧也永樂中帝與偕至靈谷寺觀向日J34nB295_p0003c15塔影齋心嘿禱有五色圓光中見佛像及誌公像翼J34nB295_p0003c16天花雨空異香芬馥帝心大悅命圖畫示中外