神鼎雲外澤禪師語錄
雲外禪師語錄卷第十四
雲外禪師語錄卷第十四
J33nB280_p0324b02 J33nB280_p0324b03妄刻續燈諸錄說
J33nB280_p0324b04僧問:「人王之嗣,以長以嫡為正傳,而庶出無不臣之。J33nB280_p0324b05法王之嗣,見過於師,方堪傳授者也。慨自禪燈世譜J33nB280_p0324b06之行,而諸方所刻將十餘處,各各自譽為正傳,果孰J33nB280_p0324b07是而孰非乎?」師曰:「蟻垤培山而山不加大,精衛填海J33nB280_p0324b08而海不聞枯,適所以彰其暗短耳。所以大慧云:『這些J33nB280_p0324b09子藥頭,不問雲門下、臨濟下、曹洞下、法眼溈仰下,大J33nB280_p0324b10法若不明,各宗其宗、各師其師,各父其父、各子各子,J33nB280_p0324b11只管理會宗乘,熱大不緊。』夫古人創叢林、立規矩,其J33nB280_p0324b12志豈為欲己名之高,掛傳燈以為榮乎?為串習機鋒J33nB280_p0324b13語句,求後昆之宗尚乎?謀寺院、鬧門庭、祈子孫,如閭J33nB280_p0324b14巷庸俗之所為乎?蓋不忍眾生徇妄迷本,我見熾然,J33nB280_p0324b15各私其私,結習纏縛,流蕩生死,故直引眾生,令見無J33nB280_p0324b16私正大真實之性。今乃昧其性,而區區竊法門之名J33nB280_p0324b17以濟其私,不知何所圖而為此也?」僧曰:「私刻固未必J33nB280_p0324b18行,近有交結權貴,上表章乞聖敕而刊定者,是可行J33nB280_p0324b19乎?否耶?」曰:「至道之在人心,自有公是公非,不可以機J33nB280_p0324b20巧矯偽者在。如《佛祖統紀》、《續高僧傳》,豈非聖敕頒行,J33nB280_p0324b21而非之者何限?世史是非,天子尚不能操其柄,況道J33nB280_p0324b22脈乎?昔楊大年內翰奉敕修纂《傳燈》,猶且遍訪天下J33nB280_p0324b23墳菴草舍、村落市廛,一語片言皆所搜擇,其手眼高J33nB280_p0324b24明,收斥去取,天下無有議其失,千古無敢指其瑕者。J33nB280_p0324b25蓋其法眼圓明,大公無我之心,千古聖賢之心也。今J33nB280_p0324b26也正眼未明,私情擾亂,情好囑託,賄賂私行,本擬釣J33nB280_p0324b27譽名,媚庸俗,混宗派,遂私情,刻甫完而高人明眼呵J33nB280_p0324b28斥隨之矣。則公是公非之在人心者,不可欺也。幽顯J33nB280_p0324b29神靈與夫天下後世,又可以虛名情識而欺之乎?夫J33nB280_p0324b30五宗鼎盛於唐,波騰於宋,宋祚之末,四宗絕傳,各有J33nB280_p0324c01定數,不可強也。四宗諸祖領眾匡徒,豈無一二似今J33nB280_p0324c02時知識之輩,而寧絕不以輕授非其種草之徒?蓋識J33nB280_p0324c03法者懼,決不肯以狐尾續貂,博一時之虛名,誤後人J33nB280_p0324c04於無盡也。今乃廣列非其種草於其後,豈四宗諸祖J33nB280_p0324c05之所屑為哉?況五宗本同一派,一傳則血脈皆傳,四J33nB280_p0324c06宗諸祖任一定之緣,而不強以其道授之非其種類J33nB280_p0324c07之嗣,其碩德高風亙古今而不絕者,曷常絕乎?《中峰J33nB280_p0324c08廣錄》曾荅四宗絕傳之問也,曰:『聖人之道,雖隱顯同J33nB280_p0324c09時,亦由定分耳。其時代延促,人物盛衰,化權隆替,一J33nB280_p0324c10毫不能加損於其間。昔吾祖未離西乾,已受般若多J33nB280_p0324c11羅預識,此其可驗矣。當青原、南嶽未著之時,五家已J33nB280_p0324c12有定分矣。五家方盛之頃,修短之數安得無定分哉?J33nB280_p0324c13特彼此昧略而不自知耳。』或謂臨濟道出常情,為人J33nB280_p0324c14痛切,機圓語活,其煆煉人物速如反掌,以故家聲久J33nB280_p0324c15遠不墜,自餘反是,宜乎其不永於世也。此說不為誣J33nB280_p0324c16謗先哲,臆斷是非,亦乃昧天理之甚者。然近代據師J33nB280_p0324c17位者,不思等心垂化,令法久住,往往急於求嗣,效閭J33nB280_p0324c18巷庸俗之所為,以勢利相傾,名位相誘,物欲相勝,情J33nB280_p0324c19妄相欺,似此雖數千百傳,繩繩不墜,何益於理哉?豈J33nB280_p0324c20惟無益,實害之至也。故月堂有日中灌瓜之喻,石室J33nB280_p0324c21有鑽腋插羽之識,具在典章,不知何所圖而弗之顧J33nB280_p0324c22也。如古之雲門,得法於陳尊宿,而宿使其終嗣雪峰,J33nB280_p0324c23叢林逮今尊之。又如慈受謁佛鑑蔣山,室中有奇遇,J33nB280_p0324c24欲易其所嗣,鑑終卻之,叢林猶歸美焉。但恐我之道J33nB280_p0324c25不能廣被於人,使異其所嗣,何憾焉?譬如分東家之J33nB280_p0324c26燈而照西室,但取其破幽燭暗為美,又安庸竟彼昧J33nB280_p0324c27吾燈之自來也耶?」曰:「然則正傳旁出之說無有乎?」曰:J33nB280_p0324c28「非無有也。但非當世我見未淨之人,各各自謀自刻、J33nB280_p0324c29自譽自嫡,而得正傳之名,亦非先後付囑,門庭鬧熱J33nB280_p0324c30之為正傳也。自有至公無我之具眼英賢,後起而判J33nB280_p0325a01定之,觀其證悟機緣,視其作用力量,因材而篤,豈容J33nB280_p0325a02加纖毫意見於其間哉?正傳機用,直截光明,不乘言、J33nB280_p0325a03不滯句,自由自在,殺活全提,雷厲風行,抽釘拔楔,為J33nB280_p0325a04人之際,不犯鋒鋩,縱入水泥,磅礡無礙,此其所以為J33nB280_p0325a05正出也。若夫旁出諸師,明心見性,直入靈源,但其作J33nB280_p0325a06用,多慈順理開示,垂手接人,左通右達,著著截流,引J33nB280_p0325a07導眾生,令見佛性,比全提機用略有差殊,是以判為J33nB280_p0325a08旁出耳。」曰:「然則正傳只貴直截全提,不涉理路耶?」曰:J33nB280_p0325a09「非然也。若以不涉理路為正傳,則《傳燈》所載如鳥窠J33nB280_p0325a10破灶、俱胝打地等,豈是有理路耶?為什麼亦為旁出?J33nB280_p0325a11若以說心說性有道理為旁出,則龍樹、馬鳴弘經造J33nB280_p0325a12論,《六祖壇經》、《黃蘗心要》等皆旁出矣。當知正傳既不J33nB280_p0325a13在孤硬一機一境上,亦不在無道理可行處,但觀其J33nB280_p0325a14拖泥帶水處,活潑潑地不滯一隅,了無剩法,這邊那J33nB280_p0325a15邊透徹無遺,一句當陽全該理事,說理說事稜縫全J33nB280_p0325a16消,如大福人執石成寶,如雞犀枕八面通同。今人正J33nB280_p0325a17眼不明,師資如鬥百草,頭尾不知收放,殺活不透牢J33nB280_p0325a18關,渾侖吞吐不無相似語言,細掬詳看,旁出猶差萬J33nB280_p0325a19里,皆由因地不真,只欲會禪會說、覓拂覓名,元無決J33nB280_p0325a20定高遠真志,撞著瞎眼宗師,只圖一時鬧熱,不顧遺J33nB280_p0325a21害無窮。見學者稍具天資,如籠生鳥一般,生怕走了J33nB280_p0325a22別人家去,不待其堅凝正念、豆爆冷灰,只要他會得J33nB280_p0325a23箇能轉動底,許為得省發平常無事,見印為末後功,J33nB280_p0325a24急忙付拂付卷,稱賞讚揚,互相欺瞞,互相諂諛,記持J33nB280_p0325a25誦習,傳院開堂。人我愈深,機械愈盛,以祖宗招牌為J33nB280_p0325a26濟奸藏醜之具,所謂師子身中蟲,自食師子肉者,雖J33nB280_p0325a27佛祖再生,亦末如之何也已矣。法門大變,日殆日甚,J33nB280_p0325a28雖定分之使然,亦含生之業感,推此未常不涕下。」問J33nB280_p0325a29者於是作禮而退。
散話上
J33nB280_p0325b01圍爐次,眾問:「天見水為琉璃,人見為水,鬼見為火話,J33nB280_p0325b02此意如何?」答曰:「好箇入頭,為甚不會?」眾請開示,曰:「法J33nB280_p0325b03無定法,隨機應現,各各不同,了之則物物成解脫之J33nB280_p0325b04門,昧之則塵塵號生死之始,不可執一以障真修。水J33nB280_p0325b05本一物耳,人見為之水,天見為之琉璃,餓鬼見為猛J33nB280_p0325b06火,魚龍視為窟宅,是果可以有定乎哉?果可以無定J33nB280_p0325b07乎哉?若果水也,則天不應見為琉璃,鬼不應見為火J33nB280_p0325b08矣。蓋見水者,定以水為真見,指天鬼之見為妄見,琉J33nB280_p0325b09璃、猛火、刀兵者亦然,互相是非,無有定止矣。若能諦J33nB280_p0325b10觀離罪福緣,畢竟何物不見?釋迦老子曾為註破云:J33nB280_p0325b11『無有定法名阿耨多羅三藐三菩提,亦無有定法如J33nB280_p0325b12來可說。』是知水亦非水,琉璃亦非琉璃,都盧喚作阿J33nB280_p0325b13耨多羅三藐三菩提,坐斷四生路頭,塞卻是非喉吻J33nB280_p0325b14了也。而今吾人日用開眼合眼,所見明暗色空、人我J33nB280_p0325b15善惡等,正與見水見琉璃無異,第不知各各境界受J33nB280_p0325b16用如何耳。若能直下掀翻,有甚空華翳日?」
J33nB280_p0325b17友人有新嬰住持之任者,告行而問以弘法立規之J33nB280_p0325b18要。曰:「弘法莫妙於忘我,化人必始於誠身。何以言之?J33nB280_p0325b19百丈已前,無住持事,道人相尋於空閒寂寞之濱,麤J33nB280_p0325b20食療形,敗衣覆體。當此之時,寥如無法之可弘,泊如J33nB280_p0325b21無生之可度,規繩不設,名利不沾,同遊熙皞之天,共J33nB280_p0325b22樂無為之化。然而法以之而尊,生以之而利,故無弘J33nB280_p0325b23也,乃其灼有以弘也。至若近世,摻行不軌,而規條以J33nB280_p0325b24生,名利競馳,而住持斯立,規逾多而叛逾眾,法逾弘J33nB280_p0325b25而弊逾滋。其故何哉?蓋舉措煩而律己之效薄耳。是J33nB280_p0325b26以先德知其本之在己也,故勤律行以砥身,循中和J33nB280_p0325b27以照物。是以不行法而法行,不化人而人化,悅具道J33nB280_p0325b28而不敢違其言,非冀功而勉善,非畏苦而戢心,蓋漸J33nB280_p0325b29染於至德,薰蒸於聞見,而不自知其然也。故夫規約J33nB280_p0325b30之設,所以鋤過,而非以縛賢。故化被五天,名傳沙界J33nB280_p0325c01者,豈有作而然哉?真誠無己之效之所化也。故曰:『聖J33nB280_p0325c02人無己,靡所不己。其斯之謂歟?』子勉栴,吾將拭目以J33nB280_p0325c03觀德化也。」
J33nB280_p0325c04有理學居士號赤城者,以三教自負,來訪,與之坐而J33nB280_p0325c05話焉。士遽問曰:「久聞和尚證最上乘,融通三教肯綮J33nB280_p0325c06之旨,可得聞乎?」曰:「山僧者裏一教且不可得,何有於J33nB280_p0325c07三?但就智量所見之大小不同,所以無異成異耳。」士J33nB280_p0325c08曰:「然。」良久,茶次,士舉《論語》首章曰:「一部論語開章便J33nB280_p0325c09說箇時習二字,若有一時不習,即不得成熟矣。」曰:「時J33nB280_p0325c10習二字不得草草看過,當知居士與山河大地俱出J33nB280_p0325c11不得這箇時字,剎那流入心想情識,便是虛度時光,J33nB280_p0325c12豈時時習學之謂哉?」士曰:「三教釋氏理勝於孔老,而J33nB280_p0325c13終不若孔子之實用,吾所願則學孔子也。」曰:「居士所J33nB280_p0325c14言大有矛盾。夫釋氏理既勝於二氏,天下豈有無理J33nB280_p0325c15之用、無用之理哉?又云願學孔子,是踐跡而行,善人J33nB280_p0325c16且不能及,而況能入孔子之室哉?夫孔子之日用事J33nB280_p0325c17事恰當,皆其生平精神無滲漏處得來,若有心要去J33nB280_p0325c18學他,便是鸚鵡學人語相似。蓋他是無思無慮,隨緣J33nB280_p0325c19應現,不期然而自恰好,豈是你勉強學得的?」士曰:「然J33nB280_p0325c20則三教之理同若是乎?」曰:「我暫如此說,你便向這裏J33nB280_p0325c21作解。若全收,則非但孔老之教,乃至諸子百家無不J33nB280_p0325c22同承此理恩力,若剖析真偽,大有逕庭,烏得混而一J33nB280_p0325c23之哉?」居士四:「大師既言不同,必須一一明示,弟子輩J33nB280_p0325c24方能折服。不然,其何以辭過高嬌勝之議也?」曰:「固也,J33nB280_p0325c25吾將語汝以古德之明辨也。天古人之辨三教,其不J33nB280_p0325c26同者固多,今略舉其十,以塞子之疑凝耳。一、始與無J33nB280_p0325c27始異。謂我釋立生滅因緣,無定初始。儒道二教有太J33nB280_p0325c28初、太始為物之先。物自造化,因緣為萬法之本,興滅J33nB280_p0325c29由人。其不同者一也。二、氣非氣異。我教以心為法本,J33nB280_p0325c30萬行憑緣。老子以氣變為神,無為自化,自化則無修J33nB280_p0326a01無習,棄智絕聖。為教憑緣,則必假修成,萬行會本,修J33nB280_p0326a02則無修。此其不同者二也。三、有三世無三世異。我教J33nB280_p0326a03以稟質色心,靈爽相續,隨緣起滅,三世遷流。儒老以J33nB280_p0326a04聚氣為生,散氣為死,死則歸夫天地,不續不存。既止J33nB280_p0326a05一身,寧知三世?此不同者三也。四、習與非習異。釋教J33nB280_p0326a06以善惡由業,愚智習生,故多劫熏修,靈智玄妙。二氏J33nB280_p0326a07以善惡由分,愚智自天,稟純和則至聖至神,稟渾濁J33nB280_p0326a08則為愚為暗。縱言慎習,止在一身,豈說積功,能資他J33nB280_p0326a09世?此不同者四也。五、稟緣稟氣異。我教以萬象森羅,J33nB280_p0326a10並由緣起。二家以富貴吉凶,氣命所由。稟氣者豈可J33nB280_p0326a11更易,稟緣故廣勸增修。此不同者五也。六、內非內異。J33nB280_p0326a12我教以天地萬物,內識變生。二家以人物蝡動,皆由J33nB280_p0326a13天地。所變在我,則可變染令淨;所變由天,則任彼高J33nB280_p0326a14低。此不同者六也。七、緣非緣異。我教以四相遷流,浮J33nB280_p0326a15虛變滅,皆由緣力,非謂自然。二氏以日化月移,趣新J33nB280_p0326a16更故,力負自爾,非由我心。此不同者七也。八、天非天J33nB280_p0326a17異。釋教以果報因緣,宗源斯二:一者苦集,二者滅道。J33nB280_p0326a18滅道者,不住不染,離斷離常,高出空有之巔,迥脫生J33nB280_p0326a19死之外。苦集者,因心迴轉,逐業高低,往來六趣之中,J33nB280_p0326a20留連三有之內。是以厭乎苦者斷乎集,忻乎滅者修J33nB280_p0326a21乎道。孔老以吉凶禍福,派流為二。二者天地也。地之J33nB280_p0326a22所為可得▆絕,故謀未兆而散脆微。天之所為不可J33nB280_p0326a23逃,故受而喜之,忘而復之。是以安乎天者棄乎人,絕J33nB280_p0326a24乎聖者從乎道。此其不同者八也。九、染非染異。老子J33nB280_p0326a25以仁毀於道,絕仁而道自停,不在於為也。欲害於性,J33nB280_p0326a26去欲而性自得,不在於修也。利累於生,屏利而生自J33nB280_p0326a27成,不在於益也。禮出於亂,棄禮而亂自除,不在於作J33nB280_p0326a28也。理由於道,有道而理自至,不在於聖也。得在於時,J33nB280_p0326a29時來而位自成,不在於事也。是以不求而自得,不為J33nB280_p0326a30而自成。為之必敗,求之必失。此老氏之教也。我宗以J33nB280_p0326b01善為福道之本,修善而受福人天。不善為惡道之根,J33nB280_p0326b02積不善而沉淪三苦。慈為無害之路,欲為生死之源,J33nB280_p0326b03絕欲而生死必除,修慈而壽命必永。是以為善者必J33nB280_p0326b04得,不為善者必失;離欲者必昇,不離欲者必墜。此釋J33nB280_p0326b05氏之教與二子之教不同者九也。十、歸別歸異。我教J33nB280_p0326b06以生死苦也,從妄想生。貪愛垢也,因無明起。因無明J33nB280_p0326b07故,可剪可除。從妄想生,可塞可拔。以其性假體妄,故J33nB280_p0326b08息妄而證涅槃,棄假而歸智覺。於是控御一乘,浮航J33nB280_p0326b09六度,出生死苦海,入火宅樊籠。巋爾圓明,混境智而J33nB280_p0326b10雙寂;湛然常樂,與虛空而並存。此釋教之所歸也。老J33nB280_p0326b11氏以生死命也,悉是道之所為。賢愚性也,悉是天之J33nB280_p0326b12所為。天與不可逃,道為不可悍。知天道不可逃悍者,J33nB280_p0326b13則能安處生死而守全性情。情性全而天不壞,死生J33nB280_p0326b14處而道不虧。道不虧則悅惡之慮消,天不壞則喜怒J33nB280_p0326b15之心滅。於是出囂塵之域,埋道德之鄉。理孤邵於寰J33nB280_p0326b16中,神獨凝於方外。澹然玄寂而累害不能干,泊爾無J33nB280_p0326b17為而邪氣不能襲。可以長生,可以盡年。此老氏之所J33nB280_p0326b18歸也。所歸既異,發軫復殊。相去渺然,豈堪同論。此其J33nB280_p0326b19不同者十也。然孔氏之教主乎世內,釋氏之教專主J33nB280_p0326b20出世而旁通世內,則所見有淺深之不同,施設之各J33nB280_p0326b21異,而其以利物安民之為務則一也。胡可得而輕議J33nB280_p0326b22之哉。子勉栴,毋混慢。」於是居士嘸然曰:「吾乃今而知J33nB280_p0326b23北海之不可以望洋盡也。微吾師之遇,幾以河海之J33nB280_p0326b24見傲然一生也。謝之矣。」
J33nB280_p0326b25客有問曰:「古來大老如中峰等,尚云參究缺於悟明,J33nB280_p0326b26今時插腳叢林率稱悟道,而互相謗毀、同室操戈,致J33nB280_p0326b27令末流愈熾、外教騰譏,果孰是而孰非乎?」應之曰:「此J33nB280_p0326b28非我之所能答,亦非子之所能知也。汝但專精體究,J33nB280_p0326b29一朝桶底脫落時,是非自現,不著問人也。」客曰:「乞師J33nB280_p0326b30略陳梗概,俾知信向之方耳。」曰:「山僧這裏總不見有J33nB280_p0326c01古今迷悟,況有是非可指陳哉?若向這裏撒手便行,J33nB280_p0326c02方知山僧嘮呾已甚。」客再四請示,因諭之曰:「夫中峰J33nB280_p0326c03諸老之不悟,如金不博金、水不洗水,不似爾等之盲J33nB280_p0326c04無智眼為不悟不知也。子不見仰山道:『悟則不無,爭J33nB280_p0326c05奈落第二頭何?』今人之病正在以悟為窠臼,而未到J33nB280_p0326c06無悟無證之實地耳。至若是非謗譽全未可憑。何則?J33nB280_p0326c07以偏見分明作決定解之人,各以同其局量所搆者J33nB280_p0326c08為是,順意則喜譽、艴懷則恚譏,各由習種使然,念念J33nB280_p0326c09變異而不自知其非也。以不自知,故聞讚則為喜風J33nB280_p0326c10所飄、聞毀則為恚地所礙,由斯取執,故曰:無明生滅J33nB280_p0326c11熾然,人我角立。智者了知意下丹青本無所有,故主J33nB280_p0326c12宰不興、塵塵自在,憐彼癡迷枉自纏縛耳。經云『念彼J33nB280_p0326c13觀音力,還著於本人』者,正此意也。蓋觀音力則無受J33nB280_p0326c14自在之力,而彼念念自生繫著,豈非還著於本人哉?J33nB280_p0326c15究而論之,既無可取可捨之相,又豈有不可是、不可J33nB280_p0326c16非等可論哉?若於此放身捨命,則知古今凡聖等事J33nB280_p0326c17盡是汝屋裏閒家具耳。」
J33nB280_p0326c18居士問師言:「法無定法是則菩提,然則聖人遊戲神J33nB280_p0326c19通,六度萬行豈不枉為?蓋以眾生即非眾生故也。」答J33nB280_p0326c20曰:「只為一切法各各無定相,故可神通變化,地可為J33nB280_p0326c21水、水可為地,水火刀毒亦復如之。且如凡夫界中現J33nB280_p0326c22見酥蠟銅錫,得火即消為水、水得寒為冰、石汁作金、J33nB280_p0326c23金敗為銅或復為石,是堅軟無定相也。有情亦爾,善J33nB280_p0326c24可為惡、惡可為善,故菩薩知萬法無定相,用神通力J33nB280_p0326c25而改變化度之,是實非虛,不同外道邪通衒惑,不可J33nB280_p0326c26一切撥為小乘,自招過咎。蓋大士神通由離五欲、得J33nB280_p0326c27禪定、有慈悲,不住定相而為眾生現諸希有,令心淨J33nB280_p0326c28故、多得度故,所變諸物隨念現前,於六塵中任意自J33nB280_p0326c29在,於好能離、於醜能樂,又能離諸好醜想行捨心等,J33nB280_p0326c30故菩薩得是神通遊諸佛國,非有為也。」
J33nB280_p0327a01世出世間,無非一大爐鞴,上至諸佛,下至地獄,各各J33nB280_p0327a02平等受用,無是無非,無得無失。愚者不了,於中妄自J33nB280_p0327a03囚執,取之捨之,枉成限量,隔礙不通。殊不覺平等性J33nB280_p0327a04中,無如是事,但能念念不昧,隨高就下,入世出世,無J33nB280_p0327a05不合宜。未得如是,便礙滯不通,礙滯不通處,即爐鞴J33nB280_p0327a06也。若能返照,借苦樂緣,千煆萬煉,自然無法不通,無J33nB280_p0327a07理不透。故住山有住山之煆煉,涉世有涉世之煆煉,J33nB280_p0327a08乃至若正若邪,若定若亂,名色所該,無不皆爐鞴也。J33nB280_p0327a09既然如是,想念徒勞,固必既無,喜憂自寂,逢聲遇色,J33nB280_p0327a10谷響雲過,則塵塵無非佛國,步步盡證遮那,苦樂爐J33nB280_p0327a11鎚,夢中佛事耳。
J33nB280_p0327a12友人習講者,閱《華嚴大疏》,而不明文即是字,字即是J33nB280_p0327a13文義,因告之曰:「疏不云乎:『名詮諸法自性,句詮諸法J33nB280_p0327a14差別。文即是字,為名、句之所依,不能詮自性及差別J33nB280_p0327a15故。』又文能顯義,而體非顯。字者無改義,又是功能,功J33nB280_p0327a16能即體,故言文即是字,字即是文。或字為初首,即多J33nB280_p0327a17剎那聲集成一字,集多字為所依次,方成名詮諸法J33nB280_p0327a18體。多名已後,方成句身詮法差別也。如今不必多,只J33nB280_p0327a19要識取最初一字從何處得來,何等省力。」
J33nB280_p0327a20閱《瑜伽論》第八十一云:「諸契經體,略有二種:一、文;二、J33nB280_p0327a21義。文是所依,義是能依,此二總名一切所知境界,即J33nB280_p0327a22依於六文,顯於十義。六文者,名、句、字、語、行相、機請;十J33nB280_p0327a23義者,地、相、作意、依處、過患、勝劣、所對、能治、略、廣也。此J33nB280_p0327a24明教義相成,若不詮義,教文何用?故通取所詮為經J33nB280_p0327a25體云。」以余觀之,凡可表義理者,皆為教體,如禮拜是J33nB280_p0327a26敬義,罵詈是瞋義等,乃至世出世間若善若惡,諸佛J33nB280_p0327a27皆即以之為佛事,如《淨名經》廣明者,是名入一切諸J33nB280_p0327a28佛法門。若入此門,便知佛土本是就應之義,好惡在J33nB280_p0327a29彼,於我何殊?所貴唯應生之寄耳。既語默動靜皆說,J33nB280_p0327a30則見聞覺知盡聽,苟能得法契神,何必要依言說?況J33nB280_p0327b01華嚴性海,雲臺、寶網同演玅音,毛孔、光明皆能說法,J33nB280_p0327b02華香、雲樹即法界之玅門,剎土、眾生本十身之正體,J33nB280_p0327b03所以云:「剎說眾生說,三世一切說。」到這裏,喚什麼作J33nB280_p0327b04禪?又喚什麼作教?合之且為增語,岐之為二者,寧可J33nB280_p0327b05哉?
J33nB280_p0327b06淨業者宿,問:「弟子會參雲棲,受念佛三昧,近閱《華嚴J33nB280_p0327b07合論》,謂文殊是本心擇法妙慧,普賢是諸佛無作行J33nB280_p0327b08願,毘盧世尊是自體天真之佛,人人本具,不必更求J33nB280_p0327b09生淨土,此意如何?」答曰:「子但誦其文,而不究其實耳。J33nB280_p0327b10且就子身以明之。如子之畏生死苦,而出家學道,豈J33nB280_p0327b11非汝不動智佛而能之乎?知萬法之唯心,而不住於J33nB280_p0327b12心相,乘念佛之方便,以自煉自融,豈非汝之文殊擇J33nB280_p0327b13法妙慧乎?不離本智,而念念度諸流識,入薩婆若,豈J33nB280_p0327b14非汝之普賢無作行願乎?若行若慧,皆不離本性天J33nB280_p0327b15真,非毘盧佛乎?日日增進,漸漸證明,如魚飲水,冷煖J33nB280_p0327b16自知者,非五十五位乎?究竟融通,津梁無盡,非佛後J33nB280_p0327b17普賢乎?豈息心滅念,如木如呆,而後為無作,執空取J33nB280_p0327b18靜,而後為無相,起心動妄,而後為揀擇哉?且彌陀願J33nB280_p0327b19力攝受,世尊勸誠叮嚀,正自性力加持,隨根器而三J33nB280_p0327b20輩往生,是所謂佛種從緣起耳,又何疑焉?蓋眾生本J33nB280_p0327b21有佛性,是正因,以其無力,不守自性,故隨緣,緣淨則J33nB280_p0327b22淨,緣染則染,如鏡之本光,隨磨瑩之緣而淨現,隨垢J33nB280_p0327b23染之緣而光昏,瑩非外來,昏非內發,皆隨緣現,不可J33nB280_p0327b24不知也。」
J33nB280_p0327b25有僧在旁進曰:「宗門上士,頓悟直超,佛祖不立,何淨J33nB280_p0327b26土之可生乎?」余曰:「佛祖二字,乃對治眾生之名句。眾J33nB280_p0327b27生取相外求,是以古人直下毒手,呵其妄見,破其著J33nB280_p0327b28情,豈可作呵罵佛祖會,死在句下而漸入邪徑也?此J33nB280_p0327b29等說話,如大火聚,不容藏身。汝若能直下翻身,頓脫J33nB280_p0327b30窠臼,四楞蹋地,迥絕依倚,逆用順行,皆為佛事。終日J33nB280_p0327c01作而無作,終日生而無生,念念與彌阤同現,而無能J33nB280_p0327c02所之痕,塵塵任運利生,而無生相可得,是為真實念J33nB280_p0327c03佛,何妨親近如來,遊戲神通,淨佛國土?若果宿根純J33nB280_p0327c04熟,淨盡無餘,萬死千生,了無侵蝕,愛風惡境,無怖無J33nB280_p0327c05忻,火獄冰河,優游受用,則處處道場,塵塵佛國,何須J33nB280_p0327c06更勸往生?如或煩惱根深,習情流注,雖信自心佛性,J33nB280_p0327c07爭奈現行依然,麤重之愛見猶存,微細之業流易染,J33nB280_p0327c08不棄一生之操履,恐貽隔陰之深憂,是在諸公之自J33nB280_p0327c09揣何如耳。」
J33nB280_p0327c10孚公問:「祖師云:『忘機即佛道隆,分別則魔軍盛。』若全J33nB280_p0327c11無分別,與斷見何殊?」曰:「以分別取相,不得實相,知有J33nB280_p0327c12限量也。若不取相,無所分別,則得實法。得實法故,能J33nB280_p0327c13知一切眾生心心數法,無有罣礙,故名正徧知也。雪J33nB280_p0327c14峰云:『世界闊一丈,火爐闊一丈。』正明無戲論故,離取J33nB280_p0327c15相故,順逆縱橫,無非真實。若著因緣,則正法亦成邪J33nB280_p0327c16見。不著因緣,即說無常,了知即苦,苦即無我,無我即J33nB280_p0327c17空,乃至一切法義,悉入諸法空,諸法空即實相也。如J33nB280_p0327c18音聲語言,分別本末,觀其實相,知音聲語言,念念生J33nB280_p0327c19滅。音聲已滅,而眾生憶念取相,念此已滅之音,作念J33nB280_p0327c20謂罵謂讚,而生悅惡心。若知音聲生滅如響,又如鼓J33nB280_p0327c21聲,無有作者。無作者故,則無住處,畢竟空故,但誑凡J33nB280_p0327c22耳。是名入音聲陀羅尼,乃至諸陀羅尼三昧門等,皆J33nB280_p0327c23如是也。」
J33nB280_p0327c24往,迤𨓦行腳時,猶及見有孤峻直諒之友,曰:「遺聞上J33nB280_p0327c25座者,其為人峭直清高,俯視今時于千古,而獨上混J33nB280_p0327c26於眾,漠如也。常遁跡於叢社,居不過月,輒遠徙,以故J33nB280_p0327c27人莫能蹤跡之。」余客遊酉湖,得之於鳳林煙柳間,邂J33nB280_p0327c28逅一見,神韻超然,迓以同遊,則欣然就舟,呼茶酌公,J33nB280_p0327c29公亦無拒,飲啖之外,毫無一語,余益奇之。抵暮,邀歸J33nB280_p0327c30草廬,即曰:「諾。」問:「有行李乎?」曰:「無之。」曰:「有所蓄書藉乎?」J33nB280_p0328a01曰:「何處不有,要蓄作麼?」曰:「杖笠衣缽聻?」曰:「昔有之,今J33nB280_p0328a02施卻矣。」因笑曰:「觀子所問,皆粉囂之士,非吾友也。」遂J33nB280_p0328a03欲登岸,余慚謝而止。同居月餘,無日不譚,無譚不快,J33nB280_p0328a04生平領益,當屈指首公。一日,偕遊山徑間,見暮霞燦J33nB280_p0328a05爛,倒影射波,長光煜煜,因撫掌大笑曰:「也大奇,也大J33nB280_p0328a06奇,不可以不遊。余行矣。」遂去,杳不知其所終。
J33nB280_p0328a07余誅茆於匡山,之明季而四方大亂,米價踴倍,囊笈J33nB280_p0328a08蕭然,同居者皆託緣以去。未幾,有僧無生者來,願為J33nB280_p0328a09余司樵圃,余奇之。時木陳和尚住黃岩,余過訪,留三J33nB280_p0328a10宿而後返,則所謂無生者,已傾菴倒篋,負之而趨矣。J33nB280_p0328a11因題一詩於壁云:「屢朝無米噉山蔬,務行癡人起惡J33nB280_p0328a12圖。空卻菴中諸所有,剛剛贏得一身孤。」友人過而見J33nB280_p0328a13之,因大笑。俄而傳至圓通,有牧子上座客居於此,聞J33nB280_p0328a14之嘆曰:「噫!山高夜冷,何堪際此?」乃解一衲寄余,附之J33nB280_p0328a15以偈曰:「夏日炎炎送衲頭,料應笑倒老風流。道人非J33nB280_p0328a16不知時節,廬阜山深別有秋。」余受而和之曰:「一偈媒J33nB280_p0328a17交會未面,解衣遠寄病同流。相知不必重相見,千里J33nB280_p0328a18常同月下秋。」是年冬,牧公竟寂於黃岩。至次年夏,曬J33nB280_p0328a19書次,得其遺筆於笥中,因書此以誌高誼。
J33nB280_p0328a20達磨西來,直指人心,見性成佛,並無些子灣曲,只貴J33nB280_p0328a21直下承當,若肯承當,無有不成之事。故承當大者,心J33nB280_p0328a22量愈大,識見愈精;承當小者,見量亦小。皆由心現,不J33nB280_p0328a23可不知。譬如做知縣者,承領一縣之事,則有一縣之J33nB280_p0328a24局量,善惡利弊,自然察知;領知府時,則有一府之心J33nB280_p0328a25量,如是乃至地位愈高,而心量愈大,乃至承當國王、J33nB280_p0328a26金輪聖主、梵王、諸天、聲聞、緣覺、菩薩、佛祖,無非各各J33nB280_p0328a27自肯承當而已矣。故博地凡夫,心量大者,便肯承當J33nB280_p0328a28佛祖,擔負其心,以為盡虛空,遍法界,並無一法實有。J33nB280_p0328a29一切眾生,皆我心內之眾生,我應度盡,若有微蟲眾J33nB280_p0328a30生不得度者,則是我心中一事之未了;十方諸佛,皆J33nB280_p0328b01我心內之佛,我應承事供養,勸請轉法輪,利群有;乃J33nB280_p0328b02至情與無情,若凡若聖,皆我心內之事,有絲毫不得J33nB280_p0328b03其所者,是我之怠慢因循耳。故云:「道遠乎哉?觸事而J33nB280_p0328b04真;聖遠乎哉?體之即神。」未之思耳,夫何遠之有?是故J33nB280_p0328b05一切大小事業,必先認得題目分明,然後行文自易。J33nB280_p0328b06所以古今佛祖,聖帝明王,乃至百工技藝,才有一念J33nB280_p0328b07承當,皆自能善用其心,占其地步,取其截徑,討其精J33nB280_p0328b08微也。若不肯直下承當,則三心二志,或作或輟,莫道J33nB280_p0328b09性命大事,出世聖因,則些小技藝,亦終於無成而已J33nB280_p0328b10矣。
J33nB280_p0328b11俗官問:「死者,人之所必不免,而釋氏以了生死為言;J33nB280_p0328b12性者,人之所不可見,而釋氏以見性為旨。乃至因果J33nB280_p0328b13報應輪迴之說,實有是理乎?抑將借此以警愚民也?」J33nB280_p0328b14答曰:「是皆含生日用本然之理,實語非虛,居士自不J33nB280_p0328b15察耳。夫死元於生,生元於情,情元於性,性本無生,焉J33nB280_p0328b16得有死?而謂死者人之所必不免,豈至論乎?蓋性者,J33nB280_p0328b17本也;情者,發於性而牽於習者也,末也。末不離本,而J33nB280_p0328b18本徹乎末,如波不離水,水本徹波,水不淨由波不寧,J33nB280_p0328b19性不見由情不息,妄情息而性自見,不可以有無推J33nB280_p0328b20測也。嗟夫!群生之所以沉淪生死,而莫知其所以然J33nB280_p0328b21者,情為其封,而性莫之悟也。性莫之悟,故觸向皆迷;J33nB280_p0328b22情為其封,而念念成業。業愈深而情愈重,性愈迷而J33nB280_p0328b23執愈深,不思父母所生一塊頑肉,未認作我時,是何J33nB280_p0328b24境象?即今去來動止,步步不離,是箇什麼?肉塊爛卻,J33nB280_p0328b25性命何居?這段因緣,豈宜不究?而刺頭糟粕,咬嚼古J33nB280_p0328b26人死語,以當學問。碌碌利名,與蠢蠢群生同受六道J33nB280_p0328b27輪迴之苦,有志之士,甘如是乎?且子今方壯時,幼已J33nB280_p0328b28過而老未來,是今念念已成三世矣,而謂之無過去J33nB280_p0328b29未來之身世,可乎?又子今心心不住,念念流轉,輪迴J33nB280_p0328b30之因也;四生六道,輪迴之果也。既迷法性,認物為我,J33nB280_p0328c01而謂之無輪迴,得乎?輪迴之境,由情習善惡之所感,J33nB280_p0328c02冥然與其髏相應,不期成而自成,此本然之理也,而J33nB280_p0328c03謂之無報應,可乎?又將來之苦樂,由今之所以修,今J33nB280_p0328c04之窮通,由已往之所習,可不辯而明矣,謂之無因果,J33nB280_p0328c05可乎?」居士曰:「旨哉,久積之疑冰釋矣。」
J33nB280_p0328c06僧問:「教中云:『生死因十使而有。』乞和尚慈悲曲示,以J33nB280_p0328c07斷疑根。」答曰:「經言十使者:一、身見,二、邊見,三、邪見,四、J33nB280_p0328c08戒取,五、見取,六、貪,七、瞋,八、癡,九、慢,十、疑。凡夫迷理,妄J33nB280_p0328c09執相續,不出生死,皆由此十。如世公吏,隨逐罪人,名J33nB280_p0328c10之為使。」曰:「此十使者,如何得去?」師曰:「內既無應,外不J33nB280_p0328c11能為。由眾生執有我見,故外為六塵所劫。我見若空,J33nB280_p0328c12六塵何害?昧正理而執斷常,謂之邊見。若能了知三J33nB280_p0328c13世因果、五陰相續,念念新生,故非斷;念念遷變,故非J33nB280_p0328c14常。離此二見,故名中道。三、邪見,謂謗無因果,斷正法J33nB280_p0328c15因,罪浮十惡。四、戒取,有二:一者、以持戒修定為真道;J33nB280_p0328c16二者、不悟正理,妄立是非。五、見取者,以執世間有漏J33nB280_p0328c17善為道,即名戒取;若執為勝,名見取。如持戒執為清J33nB280_p0328c18淨,名戒取結;謂所執為真實,餘皆妄言,名見取結。此J33nB280_p0328c19見堅執,非聖慧力不能捨離,能使眾生速入生死,極J33nB280_p0328c20有力故,名五利使。六、貪使,謂愛自身、他身、妻子、田宅J33nB280_p0328c21等,或愛善法,乃至愛佛菩提等。依圓頓宗,皆名為使。J33nB280_p0328c22七瞋使,謂惱憾嫉妒不悅等。瞋能離慈,重於貪欲,如J33nB280_p0328c23經廣明。八癡使,謂癡暗之心,邪心分別,無正慧明,故J33nB280_p0328c24曰無明。能觀無性,方得漸除。九慢使有八:一慢,謂執J33nB280_p0328c25我見,稱實勝彼等。二大慢,處處自謂為大等。三慢慢,J33nB280_p0328c26謂於上境稱己勝彼,過最重故。四不如慢,謂實不如J33nB280_p0328c27人,而謂差不多等。五傲慢,不敬長上等。六我慢,於色J33nB280_p0328c28心無我法中,執我自高,此最難除。觀理聖賢,我見分J33nB280_p0328c29斷。七增上慢,於出世法中,起心生慢,未得謂得等。八J33nB280_p0328c30邪慢,謂無德惡人,自高凌物等。十疑使有二:一疑事,J33nB280_p0329a01如見樹疑為人,及一切法不明而疑等。大乘謂為暗J33nB280_p0329a02妄心,招變易生死,故名為使。小乘不知,故不名使。二J33nB280_p0329a03疑理,為疑自善根、疑師疑法等,障決定心學道故。此J33nB280_p0329a04之十使,上下皆有,斷有難易。見惑難識而易斷,貪等J33nB280_p0329a05四使,易識難除。若能觀學無我,初見理時,即名初果。J33nB280_p0329a06若總觀諸法皆假無性,不見我人,一念之中,斷八十J33nB280_p0329a07八使,即名見道。若鈍根觀四諦,次第漸斷八十八使。J33nB280_p0329a08若就一人以論,迷心唯是五見及疑。愚者難識,唯知J33nB280_p0329a09厭貪、瞋、癡、慢,而於我心及執戒等不知是病,故名利J33nB280_p0329a10使。智者直觀身、心生滅,分見無我,煩惱薄時,即知觀J33nB280_p0329a11智是斷德,心中六使自無,謂知色、心生滅非人,則無J33nB280_p0329a12我心,邊見自斷。以觀見理,識聖道故,正信無疑,邪見J33nB280_p0329a13自斷。觀慧是道,戒、定但是疏緣,戒取、見取自斷。是故J33nB280_p0329a14六使難識易斷。以難識故,無始來迷;以易斷故,悟理J33nB280_p0329a15則盡。不同貪等易識難斷。以易識故,人多不執;以難J33nB280_p0329a16斷故,那含亦有。以貪等別緣事起,唯妨修觀,非親迷J33nB280_p0329a17理。故諸小聖雖有貪、瞋,解理無疑。是故智人唯修觀J33nB280_p0329a18慧,除迷入道,以無妄取故。若不學解,恒迷正道;雖修J33nB280_p0329a19善法,不除邪執,反起謗諍。故經云:『在家由取五塵,故J33nB280_p0329a20相鬥諍;出家由取諸見,相鬥諍也。』是以宗門上士直J33nB280_p0329a21究心源。心源既達,則法法同歸,即此身、心是自由人。J33nB280_p0329a22三身、四智、五眼、六通,一印頓圓。拈一機,即千機頓赴;J33nB280_p0329a23舉一句,即萬句齊彰。何有五蓋、十使之可斷哉?」
J33nB280_p0329a24俗士問:「我於禪宗實深信慕,但不信今時知識有真J33nB280_p0329a25悟道者。」答曰:「此正居士之所以為深信也。」士网測。曰:J33nB280_p0329a26「夫古今知識出世,皆非欲人之信彼也,以彼實無可J33nB280_p0329a27信故。若有可信,是自欺誑,亦欺誑眾生。豈有佛祖聖J33nB280_p0329a28賢而作如是心行乎?」士曰:「恁麼則弟子之惑滋甚。若J33nB280_p0329a29不欲人相信,出世何益?種種勸化,令人起信,無乃為J33nB280_p0329a30佞耶?」曰:「非佞也。善權巧便,令人生善,而實無善可生;J33nB280_p0329b01令人滅惡,而實無惡可滅。以善惡性本自空,無所有J33nB280_p0329b02故。以無所有而得證,眾生方起希有心。若實有決定J33nB280_p0329b03佛可成,決定祖可作,決定善知識可信,決定煩惱可J33nB280_p0329b04斷、眾生可度者,當知皆是妄語,非真善知識也。真知J33nB280_p0329b05識者,只是各人自己。自己是佛祖之母,能成一切,能J33nB280_p0329b06壞一切,一成一切成,一壞一切壞,一剎那間透入十J33nB280_p0329b07方國土,隨處說法,方便利生,皆影像,無實事。為甚麼J33nB280_p0329b08如此?只為自信自己,更不信有纖毫古今、凡聖、迷悟、J33nB280_p0329b09是非等,故有此大力也。居士果能如是自信,則天下J33nB280_p0329b10知識到與不到盡皆委悉,又何有法門之可信、古今J33nB280_p0329b11之差別乎?」士曰:「弟子焉能如是?但因世俗愚夫見僧J33nB280_p0329b12有過,而并高明盛德開示亦并不生信心,故發斯問。」J33nB280_p0329b13曰:「大林中固多不材之木,大海中殊多不善之魚,況J33nB280_p0329b14佛法衰微之際,焉無邪頑寄我以偷安耶?夫賢父兄J33nB280_p0329b15尚不能必賢其子弟,況群居索處,綦布星分,而能一J33nB280_p0329b16一得明師友諄諄誨責之乎?縱有師友而種性偏邪,J33nB280_p0329b17亦付以末如之何而已矣。若因此輩而退失善心,則J33nB280_p0329b18亦善根微小,薄福無智之人耳。」
雲外禪師語錄卷第十四終