靈峰蕅益大師宗論
靈峰蕅益大師宗論卷第五之一
靈峰蕅益大師宗論卷第五之一
J36nB348_p0333c02 J36nB348_p0333c03書一
J36nB348_p0333c04寄母甲子正月三日,方外男智旭,敬然臂香,刺舌血,白J36nB348_p0333c05母親大人膝下。男幼蒙庭訓,少長便道學自任,寧不J36nB348_p0333c06知父宜葬,母宜養。但生死一事,人人有之,靜夜深思,J36nB348_p0333c07真可怖畏。如大母舅宦正濃而忽殞,虞表姪年未壯J36nB348_p0333c08而早亡,身命無常,如朝露,大限至,老少莫逃,苦海茫J36nB348_p0333c09茫,誰能免者。念及自身,已覺酸鼻,更念亡父老母,倍J36nB348_p0333c10覺傷神。親身既然,眾生寧異?儻不早圖出世,正恐追J36nB348_p0333c11悔無及。男憶二十一,至星家問母壽,言六十二三,必J36nB348_p0333c12有節限。遂於佛前立深誓,唯願減我算,薄我功名,必J36nB348_p0333c13冀母臻上壽。今既切思離俗,儻萌一待心,豈是求益J36nB348_p0333c14母壽之念,男又安能保無中夭邪?生育一事,世閒苦J36nB348_p0333c15本,況與功名,皆有定數。且青雲得志,難敵生死,大母J36nB348_p0333c16舅即是殷鑒,何如地藏大士,目連尊者,累劫親恩,皆J36nB348_p0333c17蒙度脫之為孝也。男少年詬大士,賴母痛下鉗錘,今J36nB348_p0333c18得改過從善,志在出世,恐母愛情難割,不得不硬卻J36nB348_p0333c19心腸,潛行方便。又恐母日夜懸念,故於三寶前,然香J36nB348_p0333c20刺血,寄書遠達,伏祈勿事勞心,惟努力念佛,求出輪J36nB348_p0333c21迴。親屬可化者,皆以此意示之。
J36nB348_p0333c22寄剃度雪嶺師別忽三載,反躬無似,莫報師恩。方今像季,有J36nB348_p0333c23三可痛哭,三可哀愍。毗尼法,三學初基,出世根本,僧J36nB348_p0333c24寶所由得名,正法賴以住世,而罕有師承,多諸訛謬,J36nB348_p0333c25遂令正法墜地,僧倫斷絕,一可痛也。三藏教,修行之J36nB348_p0333c26徑,出苦之要,而依文解義,罔知觀心,廢先哲舊章,塗J36nB348_p0333c27一時口耳,遂令禪門訶為葛藤糟粕,二痛也。宗門一J36nB348_p0333c28著,本為上上根,點鐵成金,今但作門庭施設,道理商J36nB348_p0333c29量,不墮狂罔無知,便墮雜毒知見。更有去施設、埽道J36nB348_p0333c30理者,多落闇證窠臼,盲修瞎鍊,實是險塗,無上妙法,J36nB348_p0334a01流弊至此,三痛也。第一可哀愍者,借佛法圖名利,無J36nB348_p0334a02實為人之心。二者,但知己長,不知人長,但見人短,不J36nB348_p0334a03見己短,株守一得,向無佛處稱尊,不能放下面皮,打J36nB348_p0334a04破局量,從千萬人腳跟下穿過。三者,但為大以欺佛,J36nB348_p0334a05不思三界無安,言淨土不必生,彌陀不必念。中郎判J36nB348_p0334a06為唯心墮,圓實墮,確論也。時丁末運,非具大忍力,大J36nB348_p0334a07願,大智,大巧便力,驩虞小補,何當至治。博山老師,雖J36nB348_p0334a08見處未徹源底,實有苦功操履,不肖與互感得益,然J36nB348_p0334a09不服其藥,大忍願智,便俟當請益也。
J36nB348_p0334a10上闍梨古德師五夏以前,專精戒律。專精者,豈徒著衣持缽J36nB348_p0334a11而已。律中第一要務,在常一其心,念無錯亂,謂依四J36nB348_p0334a12念處行道也。四念處慧,佛法總關。無念處慧,著袈裟J36nB348_p0334a13如木頭幡,禮拜如碓上下,六度萬行,皆同外道苦行,J36nB348_p0334a14無與真修。若依念處行道,則持戒功德,現能獲四沙J36nB348_p0334a15門果,乃至圓十地,剋獲無難。第二要務,在洞明二百J36nB348_p0334a16五十戒,開遮持犯之致,否則二六時,既掛比丘名,當J36nB348_p0334a17結無量罪,言之駭聞,思之喪膽。此二不明,與邪戒何J36nB348_p0334a18異?末世流弊,非有力大人,不能挽回。吾師德盛名顯,J36nB348_p0334a19僧俗同欽,吾知諸佛所付託矣。
J36nB348_p0334a20荅茂林律主經論二藏,說通五人。戒經如來自說,等覺猶J36nB348_p0334a21非所堪,譬禮樂征伐,自天子出。迦葉白椎云:「是佛所J36nB348_p0334a22制者不應卻,非佛所制者不應制。」千古不易之典也。J36nB348_p0334a23承問,逐人受戒,大難方許三人,過四便不得戒。不惟J36nB348_p0334a24《僧祇》,《根本》、《四分》等皆有文,且得戒不得戒,關係非小,J36nB348_p0334a25敢憚繁邪?三衣止長三肘,闊五肘,過是步步結等流J36nB348_p0334a26罪;若與佛衣等量,便結第三篇罪。今豎三橫六,致左J36nB348_p0334a27臂疊作三重,又與迦絺那衣自不相干。功德衣五條J36nB348_p0334a28十隔,受捨各有定時,豈可但持此衣,永當三衣?非時J36nB348_p0334a29食戒,本無開聽,今稱七不過午,全無出處。律中八種J36nB348_p0334a30十種開聽,謂展轉食,別眾食,及不作餘食法而食,皆J36nB348_p0334b01上午,豈非時也。時懷非想,猶結吉羅。服吐下藥,止許J36nB348_p0334b02煮麥,不令頭破,漉汁飲之,不聞權開也。又離衣宿,結J36nB348_p0334b03罪有文。不持缽,結罪,五部不載。又皮革氈毳,他經充J36nB348_p0334b04類至盡之言,非為破戒,可不稱為大端。而過午之中,J36nB348_p0334b05受食,咽咽結第三篇,未便稱為小節。渡海浮囊,芥子J36nB348_p0334b06不捨,況第三篇喻如手掌,可以為小邪?又《五百問》一J36nB348_p0334b07書,與五百餘卷律藏全反,用《五百問》,必廢五百卷,遵J36nB348_p0334b08五百卷,《五百問》不得不闕。若謂佛說無容致議,則《受J36nB348_p0334b09生》、《血盆》、《高王》等,不亦稱佛說邪?律學之訛,已非一日,J36nB348_p0334b10宣公亞聖,為懷素所嫌,義淨大賢,受《翻譯名義》彈駁,J36nB348_p0334b11故知如來以降,等覺猶未稱一切智也。俗不合聞比J36nB348_p0334b12丘軌式,一出《根本薩婆多部》,一出《戒因緣經.序》。根本J36nB348_p0334b13部因緣,乃迦葉佛時,外道子欲破法,假就比丘學,比J36nB348_p0334b14丘告以俗得聞經論,毗柰邪教俗不合聞。外子權出J36nB348_p0334b15家學習,然後破之。若俗不合聞,謂半月誦戒,則三藏J36nB348_p0334b16具在,自可展閱,何待出家而學之?若謂出薩婆多,不J36nB348_p0334b17出僧祇,則《五百問》又豈出僧祇部也。
J36nB348_p0334b18荅志隆不諱疾忌醫,誠末法優曇。既自知病,又知流俗J36nB348_p0334b19之病,惟勇於自療,而即以療人,便是真實修行。否則J36nB348_p0334b20知病不療病,源正在此耳。人必有超群拔俗手段,方J36nB348_p0334b21有出離生死機括。人世愛見,稍或未忘,無上白法,如J36nB348_p0334b22何希冀。紫柏大師云:「情之所有者理必無,理之所有J36nB348_p0334b23者情必無。」古人云:「識得一尺,不如行得一寸。」夫閉戶J36nB348_p0334b24看尊宿語以自警,難敵現境熟識。儻安守故轍,可坐J36nB348_p0334b25進此道,豈五十三參之計拙,而三登九上亦唐勞邪?
J36nB348_p0334b26荅博山無異師伯梵網戒本,是界外別圓二教。獨菩薩法,其J36nB348_p0334b27界內藏通二教。出家菩薩,無別戒法,同秉比丘律儀。J36nB348_p0334b28但發心自度,即名二乘;發心度人,斯名菩薩耳。然界J36nB348_p0334b29內之機,不得捨本位而空希界外。界外大士,必須秉J36nB348_p0334b30權法而遊於界中。故菩薩比丘,迥與菩薩士女不同。J36nB348_p0334c01近世咸謂小乘所制,大乘悉開,比丘所執,菩薩悉融。J36nB348_p0334c02皆屬流言,並非實義。
J36nB348_p0334c03荅水林二書既值事緣,又生厭苦,不免添一重公案。不涉J36nB348_p0334c04本頭,加以幽憤,又是第三重公案。欲捨此刻念彌陀,J36nB348_p0334c05四重公案。既云直往無算,又欲拂散疑雲,五重公案。J36nB348_p0334c06公案愈多,相去益遠矣。《識論》云「一切唯有識,有種種J36nB348_p0334c07相轉,彼依識所變。」若識所變,不應自識逼苦自識。經J36nB348_p0334c08云「阿彌陀佛,是法界身」,則事緣非彌陀身中事邪?即J36nB348_p0334c09此彌陀,即此念彌陀,胡彌陀身中抱一捨一?捨決不J36nB348_p0334c10可捨,抱決不可抱,向不可捨抱處會取,則皎日當空,J36nB348_p0334c11疑霧消散矣。其一
全身放下,蕩蕩空空,似則固似,是J36nB348_p0334c12則未是。離生喜樂,初禪之全身放下也。定生喜樂,二J36nB348_p0334c13禪之全身放下也。捨念清淨,四禪之全身放下也。不J36nB348_p0334c14恆行心心所滅,無想外道之全身放下也。恆行心心J36nB348_p0334c15所滅,滅盡定聖人之全身放下也。視那伽大定,尚不J36nB348_p0334c16啻螢火日光。足下希心,當在何境?儻亦幸而妄想亂J36nB348_p0334c17思遮障,使不墮坑落塹,如果驀直去,恐諸佛亦救不J36nB348_p0334c18得矣。此事非一言可盡,能虛心意,不妨有相商分。
J36nB348_p0334c19寄了因年未壯,世態惡,不可輕為去就。往往好心行腳,J36nB348_p0334c20高者,退道心卑,與俗俱化,非大智慧,大力量,罕能出J36nB348_p0334c21類拔萃也。《圓覺經》云「一切眾生,身心皆是無明,欲求J36nB348_p0334c22智慧,須親善友。」然求善友於末世,亦甚難言。有少多J36nB348_p0334c23行門者,智眼昏昧;有少多學識者,行業荒蕪。於中棄J36nB348_p0334c24短取長,須自眼正,否則無不憒憒耳。
J36nB348_p0334c25與曹源三書所謂直下承當者,須置身千古聖賢之列,不J36nB348_p0334c26屑為隨波逐浪之人。言行相顧,心跡相符,方終始不J36nB348_p0334c27二,幽明無閒。憨翁云:「學道第一要骨氣剛,次識量大,J36nB348_p0334c28次生死心切。夫剛則不為情欲所靡,大則不被目前J36nB348_p0334c29所轉,切則不順習氣所趨。」即靈源禪師「易世俗所難,J36nB348_p0334c30而緩時流之急。」此第一良藥,幸時服之,勿懼苦口,使J36nB348_p0335a01積劫沉痾,終不療也。新師《識論》,獨有苦心,幸潛玩領J36nB348_p0335a02其長處,能劖妄習,便是深妙。儻決定收功心,未若農J36nB348_p0335a03夫望秋,雖析義如繭絲牛毛,秖麤淺耳。人不解此意,J36nB348_p0335a04多墮數寶之誚,惟自勖。其一
不虞之譽,君子不喜。求J36nB348_p0335a05全之毀,達人不辭。自反有愧,無怨於他人。自反無愆,J36nB348_p0335a06更何嫌眾口?以此持心,不論時古時今也。其二
人不J36nB348_p0335a07難有志,難有忍;事不難有察,難有容。故曰:有容德乃J36nB348_p0335a08大,有忍乃有濟。
J36nB348_p0335a09荅曹源二書懺悔殷勤,感佛光現,雖僅二寸,亦得戒前茅J36nB348_p0335a10也。嗣嬰貴恙,是夙習交加,及向來口腹犯戒所致。然J36nB348_p0335a11《法華》一部,悲懺二時,尚終不替,猛丈夫矣。其一
圓教J36nB348_p0335a12從名字初心,便用佛知佛見修行。豪傑丈夫,具一切J36nB348_p0335a13無明煩惱,偏向冰凌劍鋒上行,非冰凌劍鋒,不能鑄J36nB348_p0335a14無明煩惱成菩提般若故也。天降大任,必先苦勞拂J36nB348_p0335a15亂,令動心忍性。頑鐵不鍊不成鋼,美玉不治不精瑩,J36nB348_p0335a16松柏不歷歲寒不挺秀,孤臣孽子不厲熏不達。豈有J36nB348_p0335a17粥飯習氣,煖軟形態,可坐進此道者?夫小小境緣,便J36nB348_p0335a18成事障,因平日無分毫契心恰意處耳。果達妙理,則J36nB348_p0335a19現前極惡逆事,第一玄妙,為第一明師良友。若捨此J36nB348_p0335a20等境界,何法可修、可悟可頓邪?兄平日學問,大率向J36nB348_p0335a21語言文字上著眼,不向義理上體會,躬行處較勘。轉J36nB348_p0335a22得此關捩子,方是大乘淨土因也。
J36nB348_p0335a23寄壁如兄知參究無緣,便向有緣處入。歸元無二,方便多J36nB348_p0335a24門,入手不同,到家則一,均佛祖法門,有何進退勝負,J36nB348_p0335a25可愛憎取捨,必區區搏一丈夫名邪?兄雲棲法系,曾J36nB348_p0335a26事幽谿。雲棲教律兼修,幽谿教觀並舉,斯並津梁,寧J36nB348_p0335a27非直指,特人心不了,願不大耳。生西方者,貴大菩提J36nB348_p0335a28心寶。心寶若在,帶惑亦可往生;心寶若迷,參禪早已J36nB348_p0335a29兩橛。若翻轉此關捩,真實不欺,正好真實參悟。若翻J36nB348_p0335a30不轉,為舊習所汩,必須就教律大開慧眼,鍊就鋼骨,J36nB348_p0335b01方始相應,請急著眼。又末世禪人病膽大,老兄病膽J36nB348_p0335b02小。膽大肆無忌憚,直向泥犁;膽小顧後瞻前,不得自J36nB348_p0335b03在。善惡雖殊,不能打徹一也。欲徹體清涼,將定散淨J36nB348_p0335b04穢情見全體放下,始得。
J36nB348_p0335b05寄歸一兄鳥必學飛也,而後毛羽成。舟必學操也,而後江J36nB348_p0335b06河濟。松柏必歷歲寒也,而後貞幹堅。行人必以佛祖J36nB348_p0335b07自期也,而後成佛祖。若以狐疑鼠竄之因,希獅行象J36nB348_p0335b08顧之果,恐不可得。發大菩提心,使悲智調停可也。
J36nB348_p0335b09與瑩然豪傑立身,決以破我法二執為準的。我執不破,J36nB348_p0335b10定不能作千古至人。法執不破,定不能弘如來正法。J36nB348_p0335b11才魄橫一世者,須開千古眼界,成千古學識,方不負J36nB348_p0335b12己靈,否則僅同春草之榮,終非松柏之幹。
J36nB348_p0335b13寄不忘學人第一要務,在克除習氣。誠以圓頓法淨治J36nB348_p0335b14夙習,猛風吹沙,實無艱險。儻習染不除,則談玄說妙,J36nB348_p0335b15有名無義。天台荊谿之道,恐不如斯。苦口良藥,同病J36nB348_p0335b16皆堪服之,勿使如來慧命夭喪也。
J36nB348_p0335b17與攝三每見多人,於勝事種種障難,俗累病苦,親長眷J36nB348_p0335b18屬,無量纏繞,阻斷良緣,空具信慕,莫遂雅懷。而得無J36nB348_p0335b19障難者,反信慕浮淺,衣衫不整,觸手捉經,如措大對J36nB348_p0335b20舉業相似。又復惟記名言,專喜貼句,依文解義,甘為J36nB348_p0335b21三世佛冤,釣利沽名,永背一乘出要。不惟寶山空回,J36nB348_p0335b22正恐袈裟難復,好因緣是惡因緣,此之謂也。如來說J36nB348_p0335b23教,諸祖弘經,並開眾生眼目,作劫濁津梁。不向此中J36nB348_p0335b24著眼,便是盲修瞎煉。今欲不犯末世惡習,不負往因J36nB348_p0335b25現緣,一要信諸佛境界,吾人各具,本無差別,不生退J36nB348_p0335b26怯。二要仰企諸佛,慚愧己靈,句句會歸自己,不可說J36nB348_p0335b27食數寶。三要虛心樂善,稍有長者,皆師友之。四要悲J36nB348_p0335b28愍一切,凡堪以此意相警者,不惜苦口。五要恕人厚J36nB348_p0335b29己,凡不如法,生哀愍心,勿見其過。近時學者,見他放J36nB348_p0335b30逸,不與隨流,則生憍慢,皆增長生死,可懼也。
J36nB348_p0335c01與如是兄兄斷欲去愛,固有辣手,調身護物,尚乏方便。望J36nB348_p0335c02內則放開懷抱以養神,外則體察世情而惜福。此一J36nB348_p0335c03病,未必非二利之緣也。
J36nB348_p0335c04寄陳旻昭二書八月,惺谷師西歸,九月,壁如師辭世。一月奪J36nB348_p0335c05二碩交,皆法門梁棟也,痛哉。每思大事因緣,非定慧J36nB348_p0335c06莊嚴,悲智雙運,誠難一生了當。惺師慧力有餘,定力J36nB348_p0335c07不足,壁師定慧調適,悲願未深,俱未免遺下公案。目J36nB348_p0335c08下同袍,鮮有生死心者,況菩提心。天人減少,三惡充J36nB348_p0335c09滿,將何底極邪?大廈將傾,一木難支,惟人定可勝天。J36nB348_p0335c10誓當易世俗所難,緩時流之急,棄名利,絕囂喧,持以J36nB348_p0335c11深心,要以弘願,操以恆久不變之力,庶無忝於嬰杵。J36nB348_p0335c12願居士斷泛涉之心,省不急之務,篤志近思,深造自J36nB348_p0335c13得,以圖共報佛恩,無以寶劍切泥,隋珠彈雀,是鄙衷J36nB348_p0335c14所惓惓耳。其一
一芥翳天,一塵覆地,字經三寫,烏焉J36nB348_p0335c15成馬。佛法之蝕,由來漸矣,非外道天魔能破。壞周室J36nB348_p0335c16者,齊桓、晉文也。治世嚴王霸之辨,操心分義利之關,J36nB348_p0335c17視聽言動之復禮不真,克伐怨欲之不行何得?隱居J36nB348_p0335c18求志,人定勝天,此實字字血淚。
J36nB348_p0335c19與韓蓮洲韋提以逆子起淨業正因,慶喜以染緣為楞嚴J36nB348_p0335c20弄引。惡因緣是好因緣,轉禍為福,在人著眼。儻隨遍J36nB348_p0335c21計分別,雪上加霜,冤結有何了期?若達曠劫因果,則J36nB348_p0335c22現在冤親,總非天降地出。以慈忍心,調停解釋,以夢J36nB348_p0335c23幻觀,消遣情懷,未必非煉磨心性,透露真常之一助J36nB348_p0335c24也。語云:跌法從他得。燈不剔不明,鐘不擊不鳴,他山J36nB348_p0335c25之石,可以攻玉,汙泥生蓮華,神奇出臭腐。夫吾人本J36nB348_p0335c26地風光,埋藏蘊宅,潛伏根門,無時不煞煞欲現,稍藉J36nB348_p0335c27外緣一擊,便當迸裂騰輝,儻不肯向此際薦取,佛界J36nB348_p0335c28便為魔界。如霜雪寒冰,松柏增妍,凡卉失色,咎在己,J36nB348_p0335c29不在境也。又仁者,雖捨比丘沙彌律儀,而大士木叉,J36nB348_p0335c30自宜固守。仗此菩提戒光,方可禦侮消難。其說似迂,J36nB348_p0336a01其事實邇,幸精思力行之。
J36nB348_p0336a02寄修雅法主雲棲大師云:「古人著述,多在晚年。」良以道曠J36nB348_p0336a03無涯,逢人不盡。上代疏論家,殫一生精神,博綜內外J36nB348_p0336a04學問,得一二帙垂世,尚不免後賢彈駁,況一時口耳J36nB348_p0336a05草料,欲流布人閒邪。須見到養到,從居安資深流出,J36nB348_p0336a06則輝天燭地,照古騰今,非分外耳。毗尼尤不容片言J36nB348_p0336a07隻字有作,譬禮樂征伐,自天子出,稍或僭竊,厥罪不J36nB348_p0336a08小。傳佛心印記註,附呈清覽。此翁學識俱富,解行兩J36nB348_p0336a09優,堪為近日作家。虛心玩味,知未易及耳。
J36nB348_p0336a10荅程季清法門不衰於無外護,衰於無內守。主持法門,先J36nB348_p0336a11盤星立正,然後隨時隨力,興隆幻事,皆屬普賢行門。J36nB348_p0336a12稍涉世閒名利心,佛法止成世法,深可悲也。
J36nB348_p0336a13復圓閒如來最後以扶律談常為宗,苟廢事談理,理成J36nB348_p0336a14烏有。智者、荊谿諸老,無不戒行冰霜,方堪垂範千古,J36nB348_p0336a15豈可以毒器令貯醍醐。不肖始雖染指宗門,亦既遊J36nB348_p0336a16心教苑,今不得不以持戒為第一急務。又見律學之J36nB348_p0336a17訛,較禪教更多,爰為集要,以便訓蒙。捨舉世共趨之J36nB348_p0336a18轍,遵時豪恥問之塗,知我苦心者,惟如來耳。仁者乘J36nB348_p0336a19戒並急,當是如來所使,法運可回,喜不寐也。
J36nB348_p0336a20寄萬韞玉貴地久乏聞熏,囿聞見。儻宋儒陳腐見識一毫J36nB348_p0336a21未淨,未可深談佛法,況坐陳腐障中,欲商真正宗教,J36nB348_p0336a22誠難誠難。寧以百千刃刀刺其耳根,終不忍聞佛是J36nB348_p0336a23方便說誑語人,寧百千刃刀斷其舌,終不肯言佛肯J36nB348_p0336a24方便說誑語法,寧百千刃刀割裂心胸,終不可作佛J36nB348_p0336a25經同寓言解。此言儻一字不從真心中出,不但死墮J36nB348_p0336a26拔舌,現世舌當爛壞。當知宣尼大聖,若比於佛,的如J36nB348_p0336a27小星比滿月,爝火比燎原,川瀆比大海,中尊比朝廷。J36nB348_p0336a28若不能信此語,是謗佛人,不可謂信佛也。
J36nB348_p0336a29寄王簡在古之君子,為立六合內事,尚一家非之不顧,乃J36nB348_p0336a30至天下非之不顧。況圖出世大法,塵劫遠猷,可近囿J36nB348_p0336b01一時耳口,曲徇流俗人情邪?居士非無志願,直欠識J36nB348_p0336b02力。欲開千古識力,決須視歸戒如泰山,視世故如鴻J36nB348_p0336b03毛,庶作中流砥柱。不然,未可稱豪傑也。
J36nB348_p0336b04寄潘戒如財色瞋慢,清濁稍殊,同為十習因,同感六交報。J36nB348_p0336b05若別配因果,慢屬修羅,瞋屬地獄,尤可畏。躬自厚而J36nB348_p0336b06薄責於人,有諸己而後求諸人,無諸己而後非諸人。J36nB348_p0336b07雪浪大師云:「不可以聖賢律人,不可以率性自任。」此J36nB348_p0336b08皆居士對症良藥,幸時時服之,作蓮邦左券。
J36nB348_p0336b09與胡遠志為禪林求主人者,弘護之願。為一身商出處者,J36nB348_p0336b10自知之明,竊以鮑老當場,不若舉賢相副。有季賢老J36nB348_p0336b11師,雲棲嫡子,年德俱隆,慈願並廣,以禮敦迎,或當俞J36nB348_p0336b12允。貧納與歸師,拈鬮洞庭,既許安居,律不容改,又己J36nB348_p0336b13躬下事,靜動無妨,著書立言,必須靜境。納長於著述,J36nB348_p0336b14短於應酬,儻從捨失措,則長短互乖。況律學之訛,已J36nB348_p0336b15將千載,革非矯弊,與俗相違,僅可僻處深山,鳩真同J36nB348_p0336b16志,作傳火計。即欲行之天下,以觸時諱,禍且不測。夫J36nB348_p0336b17大乘弘誓,以寬成大,住持僧寶,以局表尊。既痛有名J36nB348_p0336b18無實之弊,必守貴精不貴多之箴。設居勝剎,求戒必J36nB348_p0336b19多,嚴擇則招怨之端,濫許則壞法之始,進退維谷,其J36nB348_p0336b20何以堪。嗚呼!今天下稱圓稱頓稱大乘者,遍滿域中,J36nB348_p0336b21獨聲聞一脈,不惟置諸高閣,亦且藐若草芥。抑思世J36nB348_p0336b22尊拈花時,破顏微笑者,果誰人邪?靈源清禪師云:「易J36nB348_p0336b23世俗所難,緩時流之急。」納銘心此語久矣。愁人莫向J36nB348_p0336b24愁人說,說與愁人愁殺人。居士具金剛眼,探法海源,J36nB348_p0336b25當亦為斯言肯首也。
J36nB348_p0336b26寄金臺師咒壇火浴,緇素之口,其致非一。蓋清淨咒壇,不J36nB348_p0336b27容女人得履,亦不宜緇素輒入,入者齋戒沐浴,方得J36nB348_p0336b28合制。又咒心之說,起於長水,然疏中亦不敢確然自J36nB348_p0336b29是。既經文無據,必宜遶壇行一百八遍為長。夫無上J36nB348_p0336b30壇場,震旦僅有其二,天龍共持,諸佛共念。再造之後,J36nB348_p0336c01幸錄此言。
J36nB348_p0336c02與戒明汝今六時精進,欣慰,須知此世閒第一福,第一J36nB348_p0336c03受用,天魔鬼神所忌刻也。必折意降情,帶三分不如J36nB348_p0336c04意境以自煉,方為法器,方可挽回定業。勉之。
J36nB348_p0336c05復靈隱兄生則隱居求志,死則下下品生,是弟之定局。兄J36nB348_p0336c06道眼明白,志力勇銳,此生必辦。但粥飯習氣,軟煖麤J36nB348_p0336c07浮戲論習氣,思前算後習氣,一一直下斬截,方可立J36nB348_p0336c08造聖賢閫域,此尤不肖惓惓於知我者。渠師萬望於J36nB348_p0336c09淨土一門,硬作主宰,如韓信背水陣相似,勿生一念J36nB348_p0336c10恐不能生之心,至囑至囑。
J36nB348_p0336c11復錢元沖均一法門,內外護其用各異。內護持邪正之辨,J36nB348_p0336c12不得不嚴,外護膺金湯之任,不得不寬。一如良工之J36nB348_p0336c13分玉石,一如投鼠之須忌器,總以弘護正法為懷,易J36nB348_p0336c14地皆然耳。業障一事,不出因果,因果之理,統於十界。J36nB348_p0336c15《楞嚴》以不生不滅為本,修因然後圓成果地修證,《法J36nB348_p0336c16華》以一乘因果為宗,《觀經》明深信因果,不謗大乘,即J36nB348_p0336c17上品中生。乃教家浪以因果資談柄,禪門謬謂因果J36nB348_p0336c18非向上,事理俱迷,長夜莫曉,不惟昧佛旨,亦背儒宗。J36nB348_p0336c19《易》稱積善餘慶,《書》稱作善百祥,豈皆為愚人說法哉?J36nB348_p0336c20正誼不謀利,明道不計功之仁人,恰是修身俟命實J36nB348_p0336c21學,斷不可謂立巖牆為知命也。今以勇猛善心,回往J36nB348_p0336c22昔決定業障,如離弦之箭,通臂猿能接之。菩薩智猿,J36nB348_p0336c23亦復如是,以方便臂,接定業箭,令不墮地,亦不著身,J36nB348_p0336c24此即真實懺悔。不但世法中所求如願,且增長正信,J36nB348_p0336c25開發菩提。因病得仙方,非但卻疾,兼可飛昇矣。
J36nB348_p0336c26囑徹因比丘吾望公甚高,勿自卑;甚遠,勿自近;甚廣,勿自J36nB348_p0336c27狹;甚大,勿自小;甚尊,勿自褻;甚重,勿自輕;甚穩,勿自J36nB348_p0336c28浮;甚密,勿自疏;甚微,勿自陋;甚妙,勿自麤。聖賢自期J36nB348_p0336c29謂之高,無數塵劫謂之遠,遍周剎海謂之廣,超權越J36nB348_p0336c30小謂之大,不染名利謂之尊,不輕去就謂之重,始終J36nB348_p0337a01一致謂之穩,精察力行謂之密,窮理盡性謂之微,開J36nB348_p0337a02佛知見謂之妙。嗚呼!律門衰敗,大法並危,不具前之J36nB348_p0337a03十德,鮮克砥其頹波,勉之哉。第一須依念處行道,隨J36nB348_p0337a04文入觀,觸事會心,心觀為主,看教為助。第二須專求J36nB348_p0337a05己過,勿責人非。第三須作出生死學問,莫作趨時學J36nB348_p0337a06問。第四須和光同塵,幸勿矜異,欲看教典,且完《玄籤》,J36nB348_p0337a07次《十不二門詳解》,次《律藏》五百卷,并《大乘律》五十卷,J36nB348_p0337a08次《止觀輔行》,次《阿含經》等諸小乘經,然後及餘經論。J36nB348_p0337a09或急於修證,唯律藏不可不閱,餘皆隨意。萬勿妄想J36nB348_p0337a10出頭,惟真操實履,了當生死。不得為人改法名,剃度J36nB348_p0337a11師與受戒教授傳法師,皆有父子之誼,改法名,是蔑J36nB348_p0337a12剃度師也,傷理背情,無道之甚。古來知識,不聞有法J36nB348_p0337a13派之說,柰何末世以此為親。吾聞先受戒者在前坐,J36nB348_p0337a14後受戒者在後坐。不聞先取名者為師兄,後取名者J36nB348_p0337a15為師弟。既以法派為重,必以戒法為輕。叔伯弟姪,儼J36nB348_p0337a16然與俗無異,可羞可恥,所宜痛戒。不得曲媚權貴,須J36nB348_p0337a17如達大師家風,若不能,寧死不出頭。不得多收徒眾,J36nB348_p0337a18多畜沙彌,多受依止,教訓不周,必有壞法之咎。切忌J36nB348_p0337a19餽送白衣等事,切忌無恥喪心,到人家念經拜懺,漸J36nB348_p0337a20成應赴。即檀越到山門作福,須示以佛法尊重,莫如J36nB348_p0337a21近時叢林套子。亡比丘物,依律分與現前僧,切不可J36nB348_p0337a22學估唱陋習。其餘諸事,不能枚舉,總以律為指歸,則J36nB348_p0337a23無過矣。不聽吾言,非吾弟也。
J36nB348_p0337a24復胡善住自利利他,須知彼知己,知時知勢。納每自反,世J36nB348_p0337a25謂我持律第一,實增慚懼。無論三聚十支,八萬微細,J36nB348_p0337a26即二百五十,未行萬一,又無論遮罪,除飲酒過午二J36nB348_p0337a27條,餘皆未淨,即性罪七支,能免故殺,不能防誤,能不J36nB348_p0337a28錯因果,不敢三寶物私取,而不能磚錢不買瓦,如古J36nB348_p0337a29人,執身不犯,不能夢寐清淨,不妄語兩舌,不能無惡J36nB348_p0337a30口綺語。良由多劫乘急戒緩,習以性成,恥躬不逮,退J36nB348_p0337b01居沙彌,更無弘戒之理也。宗乘中事,未出家已留心,J36nB348_p0337b02苦參十載,頗辨真偽,不敢以教律為夾雜。教觀一塗,J36nB348_p0337b03叨仗夙因,頗窺堂奧,不敢以真實而自疑畏。然此二J36nB348_p0337b04者,皆背時宜,惟有山中苦行,代一切眾生,求消夙業J36nB348_p0337b05去障而已,非敢固也。路資本不宜領,寒威將逼,贖典J36nB348_p0337b06冬衣,亦見因果不甚分明,戒律疏緩之一端矣。
J36nB348_p0337b07復卓左車入山非石隱計,痛念大法傾頹,綿力難救,姑俟J36nB348_p0337b08人定勝天耳。承謬舉於葉宗伯,謂宗說俱通,解行雙J36nB348_p0337b09到,實增慚愧。以今時俱通雙到見稱,固未免𧠤然,儻J36nB348_p0337b10擬古之俱通雙到,能勿蹴然哉。數年被道友所牽,虛J36nB348_p0337b11名盛而實行微,多方作入山計,今始半遂,正欲深之J36nB348_p0337b12又深,能為居士頓改節邪?葉公處以原柬繳。
J36nB348_p0337b13復陳旻昭二書大廈非一木所支,年來惟道友為命。而眾生J36nB348_p0337b14習氣,各有偏重,不能如水乳合,興言及此,血淚橫流J36nB348_p0337b15而已。居常謂壞法門者,皆撐法門人。齊桓晉文尊周,J36nB348_p0337b16適所以壞周,方痛懲不暇,奚忍蹈其覆轍。嗟乎!出家J36nB348_p0337b17初志,急剋聖果,十五六年,竟成虛度,慚天愧地,夫復J36nB348_p0337b18何言。即此十五六年行腳,打破面皮,放捨身命,僅於J36nB348_p0337b19佛菩提,了知歸家道路。而形枯氣索,前進為難,欲傳J36nB348_p0337b20得一人,勿令最後佛種從我而斷,亦竟未遇其人。嗚J36nB348_p0337b21呼!痛心,夢寐永泣而已。公所處頗艱,道念益固,深以J36nB348_p0337b22為慰。每觀種種邪外,其智短,其說陋,猶簧鼓天下後J36nB348_p0337b23世有述者,大底別有一段徹底精神持之耳,況將此J36nB348_p0337b24持正法乎?但自反自勵,不必他求也。船子身葬水中,J36nB348_p0337b25夾山大弘其道,荊谿以居士身,參學多載,後方出家,J36nB348_p0337b26一世不登法座,書傳萬世,不可磨滅。宣聖木鐸,孟軻J36nB348_p0337b27好辯,皆此類也。此意願與居士共之。未獲一第奚足J36nB348_p0337b28憂,當勤心道業,誓續佛祖慧命為急務耳。其一
大法J36nB348_p0337b29垂秋,亂臣賊子遍天下,邇雖稍衰,而正法受其剝蝕,J36nB348_p0337b30元氣殊覺難復,未可欲速也。納以孤孽之身,獨抱嬰J36nB348_p0337c01杵之任,雖感傷切髓,不得不附虞仲夷逸之科,遣茲J36nB348_p0337c02餘喘居士,竭力弘護,即大學問,大精進,貴自著眼而J36nB348_p0337c03已。聖力智巧,雖筈筈相拄,非巧力所及,終亦不離巧J36nB348_p0337c04力。何如楖梅吳公,不敢浪通名字。
J36nB348_p0337c05復智龍逃名萬死之後,已悔其遲。傳法一隙之天,倍見J36nB348_p0337c06其拙。然生平受用,惟多虛不如少實一語,庶不致身J36nB348_p0337c07謗三寶耳。退戒一事,亦以為今比丘則有餘,為古沙J36nB348_p0337c08彌則不足,寧捨有餘企不足也。
J36nB348_p0337c09寄徐雨海居士生長富貴,不知世閒些小苦事,況此大苦。J36nB348_p0337c10然雄才大略,膽識高曠之人,負蓋世資,具千古學,懷J36nB348_p0337c11聰明慢,眼空天下,世出世法,麤心浮氣,未入甚微細J36nB348_p0337c12智法門,非此惡辣鉗錘,何由入聖賢閫域,佛祖堂奧?J36nB348_p0337c13天降大任,必行拂亂,動心忍性四字,不妨十思百思,J36nB348_p0337c14迺圜中第一法藥也。乾之上九,亢龍有悔,而不食之J36nB348_p0337c15碩果,轉為不遠之復。復之象辭曰「至日閉關,商旅不J36nB348_p0337c16行,后不省方」,即潛龍勿用之意。盈虛消息,通於至道,J36nB348_p0337c17於通起塞,即塞成通,台觀所以貴善識也。日為居士J36nB348_p0337c18持大悲咒七遍,脫難為期,萬自愛勉。
J36nB348_p0337c19寄靈隱兄兄眼目志識,俱足千古,而不能千古者,欠剛骨J36nB348_p0337c20也。挺出剛骨,以俯就幻緣,方可了辦大事。蒙許《華嚴J36nB348_p0337c21大鈔》,意欲細閱一遍,求與台宗真出入處,悠悠門外J36nB348_p0337c22之談,未足據也。聞於台宗教觀,已有信入,尤願潛心J36nB348_p0337c23討徹源底。流光如駛,衰老日侵,自反痛心,乃敢饒舌。
J36nB348_p0337c24復項淨性和偈落在口頭三昧,大似初生牛犢不畏虎。居J36nB348_p0337c25士本正信篤實,亦弄此虛頭邪?古人錯下一語,墮五J36nB348_p0337c26百世野狐身,柰何妄談般若,作拔舌犁耕種子,萬祈J36nB348_p0337c27戒之,勿視作等閒。夫詩偈可作也,儱侗套語不可襲J36nB348_p0337c28也。帝鄉可遊也,歸戒之心不可忘也。紅塵堆裏學山J36nB348_p0337c29居,風塵何能染人,人染風塵耳。
J36nB348_p0337c30寄徐雨海到泉州一軒,即索居士歷年手札觀之,知苦緣J36nB348_p0338a01中進益如此。貧納向歎台宗,居士未深入,今果然否。J36nB348_p0338a02柬中為如是師語,字字金錍,恰與納為渠所發之願J36nB348_p0338a03同,但不知為居士所發願,有當尊意否?夫知人者明,J36nB348_p0338a04自知者強,自知者明,自勝者強。居士能知人矣,真自J36nB348_p0338a05知乎?設自知,能自勝乎?台宗玄妙無暇論,《大學》修身J36nB348_p0338a06正心,《中庸》居易俟命,請三思之。五欲八風,三教聖人J36nB348_p0338a07同訶,一塵之糞,徹體是穢,一毫砒霜,徹體是毒。勿以J36nB348_p0338a08小善而不為,勿以小惡而不去,方不負再三稟受菩J36nB348_p0338a09薩大戒也。台宗云:「以前四戒為所觀境,後六觀之,事J36nB348_p0338a10理相即。世人蔑事而欲尚深理者,驗知此觀孤虛無J36nB348_p0338a11本,既虧事境,觀亦何從?」此荊谿尊者語,幸加詳焉。
J36nB348_p0338a12寄徹因大德真實比丘,寥寥無幾,不知何日五比丘如法J36nB348_p0338a13同住,一展吾外護初心。興言至此,肝腸寸裂,所有不J36nB348_p0338a14絕如線一脈,僅寄足下,萬萬珍重愛護,養德充學,以J36nB348_p0338a15克荷之,勿為最後斷佛種人,使我抱憾千秋。至囑至J36nB348_p0338a16囑。遠隔三千里,未審作何用心,苟不能念念與妙觀J36nB348_p0338a17相應,則失聞熏琢磨之益多矣。
J36nB348_p0338a18寄恆如語有之,胡越人之相仇也,當同舟共濟,風水險J36nB348_p0338a19厄,其相救也,如左右手。每念分段生死,不啻惡風巨J36nB348_p0338a20浪。而出家諸人,所以互相忌刻,智不如胡越同舟者,J36nB348_p0338a21無他,不曾痛念生死故耳。今既知痛念生死,豈復以J36nB348_p0338a22世閒名相為活計哉?
J36nB348_p0338a23與非幻此事日親日近,日遠日疏,若無良友明師夾持,J36nB348_p0338a24恐漸退其初心。今世如此,來世可知,靜言思之,能無J36nB348_p0338a25懼乎?《佛頂》文句,須潛心玩閱,看不透,也須苦看。老鼠J36nB348_p0338a26咬棺材,定有穿日。即此是話頭,是參禪工夫,是摩訶J36nB348_p0338a27止觀。須信得及,守得定,方有真實受用。勉之。
J36nB348_p0338a28復淨禪淨土法門,本該一切宗教,普收一切群機。故從J36nB348_p0338a29上佛祖聖賢,著述亦最富博。欲摘其精要,利益群品,J36nB348_p0338a30須備採眾長,證以心悟,方可流傳。若此門未遵堂奧,J36nB348_p0338b01宜事力修,無急急以著述為事也。度人要務,以智慧J36nB348_p0338b02方便為本?有智慧,則能究權實理,稱理而說,義無不J36nB348_p0338b03周。有方便,則能莊嚴文章,文如於義,觀者咸悅。今周J36nB348_p0338b04集理致僅七八分,文章僅五六分,似宜邃養,更加錘J36nB348_p0338b05鍊,為妙意周。所熟玩者,但《彌陀疏鈔》,《龍舒淨土》等文,J36nB348_p0338b06恐《妙宗鈔》一書,尚未窮研。乞勸細細尋繹,參以《十疑J36nB348_p0338b07或問》、《淨土指歸》、《寶王三昧》、《西方合論》等書,畢竟更有J36nB348_p0338b08大豁眼處。然後以慈悲心,觀此方此時機宜,採集一J36nB348_p0338b09言半句,以利益之,功德更殊勝矣。
J36nB348_p0338b10寄王東里此事雖直捷,亦甚委曲,雖簡夷,亦甚精細。吳公J36nB348_p0338b11於簡夷直捷,已信得及矣。委曲精細處,須竿頭進步,J36nB348_p0338b12此必居士陶鑄之力,方可升堂入室也。
J36nB348_p0338b13寄雪航法主調護他人,正調護自己處,調伏得自己一分J36nB348_p0338b14習氣,方調伏得他人一分習氣,視人猶己,捨己從人,J36nB348_p0338b15血脈誠在此。朕躬有罪,無以萬方。萬方有罪,罪在朕J36nB348_p0338b16躬。愛人不親,反其仁,治人不治,反其智,禮人不荅,反J36nB348_p0338b17其敬,三歲兒童讀得,八十老翁行不得。無怪乎受菩J36nB348_p0338b18薩戒者多,行菩薩道者尟也。
J36nB348_p0338b19復鄧靖起參禪念佛,善用無非是藥,不善用無不添病。又J36nB348_p0338b20或執藥是病,或借病為藥,事非一概,未可片言盡也。J36nB348_p0338b21生死事大,佛道玄妙,縱一知半見,小小工夫,尚不濟J36nB348_p0338b22事,況一味死在句下者乎?禪本無參,佛本無念二語,J36nB348_p0338b23亦是醍醐,亦是毒藥。今之呼蒼天,呵佛祖者,正墮無J36nB348_p0338b24參無念坑中;若真參真念,決不作此狂態矣。
J36nB348_p0338b25寄程用九日為居士持大悲七遍,五六年未嘗一日缺也。J36nB348_p0338b26命持準提,當助百萬,但願篤信咒力不可思議,杜絕J36nB348_p0338b27夤緣妄想。設一念妄想未盡,是信咒不及,雖大悲、準J36nB348_p0338b28提二大菩薩,亦末如之何矣。不肖十二三,便知有聖J36nB348_p0338b29賢道脈,今知與佛法到家雖別,入門實同,若世法稍J36nB348_p0338b30違聖賢軌轍,則出世決不成真實佛祖。方今賄賂公J36nB348_p0338c01行,丈夫寧終身寥落,誓勿蹈其鄙跡,庶砥狂瀾於萬J36nB348_p0338c02一。若未免逐流,以圖一得,枉尋直尺之誚,其誰與歸?J36nB348_p0338c03大非所望於高明也。夢天神授籤,乃大梵天王,非韋J36nB348_p0338c04馱也。現有神策九十九首,在《大灌頂神咒經》中,南北J36nB348_p0338c05藏皆恭字函,急取流通,勿以易林,苟且塞責。
J36nB348_p0338c06與行恕憶自十二三時,以千古道脈為任,便囂囂自得,J36nB348_p0338c07天子不得臣,諸侯不得友,況今廁僧寶,豈世閒宰官J36nB348_p0338c08書帖可招致哉。何病深山,已無人世閒想,即今幻緣J36nB348_p0338c09所牽,流浪漳泉,並不曾謁一宰官居士。若苕中不必J36nB348_p0338c10用此世套,可容方外散人,專用佛法教化群品,則遣J36nB348_p0338c11一確人,持足下一柬來,即相赴;若不可為,毋強。
J36nB348_p0338c12與緒竺三頌附覽,語言文字,標月之指,神而明之,存乎J36nB348_p0338c13其人。際明生平傀儡,全露筆端,斷不在筆端上安身J36nB348_p0338c14立命。看得仙人手中扇,鷂子過新羅久矣。
J36nB348_p0338c15復王思鼓《老子》「為學日益,為道日損。」《易傳》云:「損德之修,益J36nB348_p0338c16德之裕。」居士精力雖減,而信心慚愧有加,即苦海津J36nB348_p0338c17梁,不求進而無所退,豈在學問修持閒邪?凡夫無不J36nB348_p0338c18好勝好進,不知以退為進也。迦葉願居人後,不為物J36nB348_p0338c19先,乃成千古鼻祖。病是吾輩良藥,消盡塵寰妄想,覷J36nB348_p0338c20破此身虛幻,深明苦空無常無我觀門,皆賴有病境J36nB348_p0338c21耳。願寬心耐意,安忍無厭,作隨緣消舊業想、轉重令J36nB348_p0338c22輕受想、代眾生受苦想,正不以不如人為愧也。
J36nB348_p0338c23與永覺禪師法運日訛,老成凋謝,獸蹄鳥跡,交於中國,乳J36nB348_p0338c24臭小兒,競稱宗主,拈花微旨,埽地至此,不惟可悲,亦J36nB348_p0338c25可恥矣。惟老師耆年碩德,堅握壽昌不肯二字心印,J36nB348_p0338c26不必頻呻哮吼,狐犴已為喪氣。茲者泉南隙地,羶風J36nB348_p0338c27雖已時來,毒氣幸未深入,老師正應久住此方,防護J36nB348_p0338c28外邪,養育善種,但令二三志士,得接老師法脈,將來J36nB348_p0338c29魔黨敗後,泉南佛國,一燈可遍布天下也。不肖幻緣J36nB348_p0338c30所牽,未能執巾瓶,猶冀法駕蚤臨,庶獲一晤慈顏,兼J36nB348_p0339a01欲委陳生平苦心,故敢冒昧,輒助勸請。
J36nB348_p0339a02與周洗心不可說破,恐塞悟門,是參究一塗,別方便耳。宗J36nB348_p0339a03門亦有不妨直直說破者,況教觀,況淨土邪?淨土的J36nB348_p0339a04旨,全在《妙宗》一書,縱持名不修觀,可不達四土橫豎J36nB348_p0339a05之致乎?《西方合論》,亦淨土有功之書。不肖圓通文句J36nB348_p0339a06一則,收盡念佛三昧綱宗。但言簡義富,乃提綱挈領J36nB348_p0339a07之學,非遍探一代時教,不足盡數千言中所包攝也。J36nB348_p0339a08儻專辦己事,未暇利人,只晝夜彌陀十萬,且求往生。J36nB348_p0339a09一切宗教眼目,不必作意求通,但得見彌陀,何愁不J36nB348_p0339a10開悟,自是一論。若大悲為人,思垂言句,必令十分精J36nB348_p0339a11瑩,庶可普利三根。不然,一法才立,一弊旋生。況末世J36nB348_p0339a12禪教淨土,種種語錄,充楹積棟,安事更以雜而未純J36nB348_p0339a13之作,與流俗鬥富哉?法號漫作一文,其中理路,頗為J36nB348_p0339a14入道之要,當依義不依文可也。
靈峰蕅益大師宗論卷第五之一
J36nB348_p0339b01靈峰蕅益大師宗論卷第五之二
J36nB348_p0339b02書二
J36nB348_p0339b03簡韓茂貽《紫柏集》點完。此老以博地凡夫,力戰煩惱魔軍,J36nB348_p0339b04一生取辦,真踞地獅子,透網金鱗也。今觀其法語,精J36nB348_p0339b05悍決裂,猶足令頑夫廉、懦夫立,柔情媚骨,不覺冰消J36nB348_p0339b06瓦解。幸細細留心,必羹牆寤寐見之。
J36nB348_p0339b07復九華常住向年托跡寶山,於一切精律行者,作地藏大J36nB348_p0339b08士想,即一二不拘小節者,亦作志公、濟顛等想。聖道J36nB348_p0339b09場地,龍蛇混雜,凡聖交參,不敢以牛羊眼妄測,自招J36nB348_p0339b10無閒重罪也。適聞山中,稍稍搆難,雖大菩薩示現作J36nB348_p0339b11略,然經云「寧破千佛戒,莫與外人知。」又世典云「胡越J36nB348_p0339b12人相為讎敵,及乘舟遇風,則相救如左右手。」九華實J36nB348_p0339b13地藏慈尊現化地,山中大眾,無非地藏真實子孫,不J36nB348_p0339b14知歷幾劫修行,到此名山福地,乃為小小一朝之忿,J36nB348_p0339b15遂使智不若胡越同舟,非所謂一芥翳天,一塵覆地J36nB348_p0339b16者邪?不肖智旭,少時無知,毀謗三寶,罪滿虛空,仗地J36nB348_p0339b17藏大士,深慈厚願,拔我邪見,令廁僧流,故今日稱地J36nB348_p0339b18藏孤臣。山中大眾,皆吾幼主,臣無輕君之念,而有諫J36nB348_p0339b19君之職,惟是誠惶誠恐,稽首,頓首,遙向寶山,披陳忠J36nB348_p0339b20告。惟願眾師,各各捨是非人我之心,念法門山門之J36nB348_p0339b21體,同修無諍三昧,永播大士道風。古人云:「官不容鍼,J36nB348_p0339b22私通車馬。」又云:「家無小人,不成君子。」縱有,實非大士J36nB348_p0339b23真正眷屬,亦須慈恕,令其漸種善根可也。
J36nB348_p0339b24與王季延淨業障經,的是佛說,毫無可疑。請試言之。佛廣J36nB348_p0339b25度一切眾生,如大醫王,亦如大仙,能起必死之證,非J36nB348_p0339b26循行數墨者可思議也。《大般涅槃》,為阿闍世王懺罪,J36nB348_p0339b27與此經同。所謂實相懺,無生懺,直枯罪源,罪流自涸。J36nB348_p0339b28如翻大地,樹何所依?《大佛頂經》云「卻來觀世閒,猶如J36nB348_p0339b29夢中事,摩登伽在夢,誰能留汝形。」又云「尚無不殺不J36nB348_p0339b30盜不婬,何況更有殺盜婬事?」皆是此旨。良由阿闍世J36nB348_p0339c01王,與今無垢光比丘,及過去勇施比丘,此三人慚愧J36nB348_p0339c02恐怖,急切悔過之心無異,故對治妙藥,亦無異耳。良J36nB348_p0339c03醫於無名腫毒,初炙不痛者,炙至極痛而止;初炙即J36nB348_p0339c04痛者,炙至不痛乃止。不如是,病不能療也。毗尼藏中,J36nB348_p0339c05訶破戒為斷頭法,是不痛者炙令極痛;此經及《大涅J36nB348_p0339c06槃經》,明罪性本空,是極痛者炙令不痛。如是妙法,但J36nB348_p0339c07為無知誤犯者作救命神丹,非為談空行有者資牙J36nB348_p0339c08慧口實。所云觀於犯即是不犯等者,只此觀之一字,J36nB348_p0339c09幾許慧解,幾許功夫。譬如鑽木出火,火出則木必盡,J36nB348_p0339c10儻犯戒心分毫未盡,豈名觀於犯即不犯哉?固知此J36nB348_p0339c11經,真大乘圓頓無上法門,秖就路還家,不改絃易轍,J36nB348_p0339c12與《華嚴》、《法華》、《涅槃》等經同一線索,是故能令犯者聞J36nB348_p0339c13之,罪根永拔,未犯聞之,永不復犯。譬如靈丹一粒,不J36nB348_p0339c14論有病無病,但肯服之,可輕身遐舉,何止延年益壽J36nB348_p0339c15而已。儻讀此經,不永離婬殺等事,與不讀一般。如遇J36nB348_p0339c16靈丹不服,身嬰重病,豈靈丹卻致病邪?設無慚人,欲J36nB348_p0339c17援為例,請語曰:「汝犯戒,亦如二比丘出不得已乎?既J36nB348_p0339c18犯後,如二比丘恐怖發露,急切求哀乎?縱求哀,如二J36nB348_p0339c19比丘,遇佛菩薩為說法乎?縱聞此法,如二比丘隨文J36nB348_p0339c20入觀,頓悟無生,婬心永斷乎?」彼達法空已,婬習永除,J36nB348_p0339c21一成佛於未來,一成佛於現在。然殺人之報,或因中J36nB348_p0339c22即償,或成佛方受,如金槍頭痛,理必有之。善夫,古人J36nB348_p0339c23曰:「如何是本來空?業障是。如何是業障?本來空是。」故J36nB348_p0339c24知大徹悟人,但可不墮地獄,決無不償夙債之理。師J36nB348_p0339c25子尊者、神光大師、僧肇、巖頭等,歷歷可據。非遍閱大J36nB348_p0339c26藏,深明教眼宗眼,未可輕議也。至現在無垢光比丘,J36nB348_p0339c27偶與過去無垢光佛同名,如觀世音菩薩,與古觀音J36nB348_p0339c28佛同名,迦葉比丘,與古迦葉佛同名,柰何混而一之。J36nB348_p0339c29所云《開元》附秦錄者,唐開元重敘藏目,偶失譯師之J36nB348_p0339c30名,相傳姚秦時譯,仍附秦錄,藏經失譯名者頗多,未J36nB348_p0340a01必皆偽,不當以此為責。嗚呼!末世狂禪,罕知教典,依J36nB348_p0340a02文解義法師,又無真正手眼,鼠唧鳥空,遍於寰宇,居J36nB348_p0340a03士能如此留心,可謂優曇缽華矣。然真正經王,須闡J36nB348_p0340a04幽旨,以示未聞,方見維摩大士作略。儻麤浮涉獵,輒J36nB348_p0340a05云可疑,魔王聞之,踴躍歡喜,關係亦不小也。
J36nB348_p0340a06與忍草身病易治,心病難遣。古云:「克己須從性偏難克J36nB348_p0340a07處克將去。」慈雲大師亦云:「行人各有無始惡習,速求J36nB348_p0340a08捨離。當自觀察,何習偏重,訶棄調停,取令平復,勿使J36nB348_p0340a09行法,唐喪其功。」夫惡習,豈惟殺盜婬妄而已,二六時J36nB348_p0340a10中,四威儀內,苟可動人念頭者,最能折福損壽也。
J36nB348_p0340a11復吳聿修青龍鈔,豈可與《妙蓮玄文》同年而語。蓋未悟時,J36nB348_p0340a12搜索擬議,決無當大道。故德山云:「窮諸玄辯,似一毫J36nB348_p0340a13置於太虛;竭世樞機,似一滴投於巨壑。」丈夫出詞吐J36nB348_p0340a14氣,真實不欺如此,可謂太煞明白,何反代為瞞昧,妄J36nB348_p0340a15擬於如虛空如大海之《玄文》,且疑一燒一不燒邪?末J36nB348_p0340a16世迷人看語錄,往往有此等惡習,不思比擬稍失當,J36nB348_p0340a17《金剛》、《法華》皆可燒矣。謗法之罪,亦大可畏哉。請燒卻J36nB348_p0340a18德山手中陳腐枯藤,此一言之失,不難知也。
J36nB348_p0340a19復閻淨士文字性空,故淹貫三藏,元無一字,非以不識一J36nB348_p0340a20丁為無字也。末世無聞比丘,借達磨不立文字,以掩J36nB348_p0340a21其拙,亦可嗤矣。非知之艱,行之維艱,固然,又復應知J36nB348_p0340a22非行之艱,知之更艱,不知而行,墮坑落塹。《佛頂》十卷,J36nB348_p0340a23最勖修行,而以先開圓解為最初方便。《圓覺經》,文殊J36nB348_p0340a24普賢二章,亦先開解。《大乘止觀》、《摩訶止觀》等書,無不J36nB348_p0340a25皆然。參於學問思辨篤行之旨,若合符節矣。修行之J36nB348_p0340a26法,如調琴絃,緩則不鳴,急則聲絕,勿忘勿助,庶循循J36nB348_p0340a27進道也。正修行路,必以空觀為主,痛快直捷,莫若毗J36nB348_p0340a28舍浮佛半偈,熟讀默思,使淪骨浹髓。《紫柏全集》,幸覓J36nB348_p0340a29觀之,得此法印,可辨邪正,不被今時邪師所誤矣。
J36nB348_p0340a30與智龍顛沛患難,是煆煉佛祖英靈漢一大爐鞴。能受J36nB348_p0340b01煆煉,便如松柏,歷歲寒而逾堅;不受,則如夏草春花,J36nB348_p0340b02甫遇風霜,頹靡無似矣。夫松柏花草,稟質不同,不可J36nB348_p0340b03強也。現前一念靈明心性,豈有定質?只貴當念自立,J36nB348_p0340b04將身心世界一眼覷破,平日晏安粥飯習氣一力放J36nB348_p0340b05下,便向刀山劍樹遊戲出沒,有何艱險?縱身心世界J36nB348_p0340b06情見放不下,而身心世界未嘗不是空花,縱晏安粥J36nB348_p0340b07飯習氣除不得,而業運臨頭,何處保得晏安粥飯如J36nB348_p0340b08意?千經萬論,皆磨礱習氣之具,習氣不除,學問何益?J36nB348_p0340b09不能親明師良友,受惡辣鉗錘,徒覓幾部好佛法,靜J36nB348_p0340b10靜閑坐,燒香啜茗,而披閱之。此措大學問,尚不可為J36nB348_p0340b11世閒聖賢,況佛祖哉。佛祖可如此悠悠而得,善財、常J36nB348_p0340b12啼真千古極拙人矣。何為《華嚴》、《般若》之榜樣也。
J36nB348_p0340b13與體境出家大丈夫事,非王侯將相所能。然不難有始,J36nB348_p0340b14難於有終。故因果之邪正,必四句料簡,應日慎一日,J36nB348_p0340b15臨深履薄,期到真實受用處,萬勿大膽麤心,中塗狂J36nB348_p0340b16惑,從袈裟下失人身也。切囑切囑。
J36nB348_p0340b17寄丁蓮侶淨土一門,有名無義久矣。居士躬行實踐,為緇J36nB348_p0340b18素標榜,此阿彌願光所映發也。但末世往往視作曲J36nB348_p0340b19為中下,不知其至圓至頓,普被三根。須將《妙宗鈔》及J36nB348_p0340b20《西方合論》二書,深玩熟思,庶可破邪計耳。
J36nB348_p0340b21復轉依指戒生來,具見接引。然納是岳武穆,非淮陰侯J36nB348_p0340b22也。用九一向麤浮,墮時文惡窠臼裏。大乘性相,都作J36nB348_p0340b23語言文字會去,待被禪宗菲薄,方思結制觀心。觀心J36nB348_p0340b24之法,甚不易言。近代宗門,多發足問津,唯台衡知津J36nB348_p0340b25發足,修證塗轍,不啻什伯相倍。只恐不是教下真種J36nB348_p0340b26草,真種豈被禪宗菲薄,亦豈畏菲薄者?若是台宗真J36nB348_p0340b27種,世語外籍,皆不相違,豈有輕唯識而不屑學者?可J36nB348_p0340b28憐眾生情見封迷,絕無超方手眼,才入台宗,便染台J36nB348_p0340b29宗重病;才入禪門,便染禪門重病。未得清,先得隘,未J36nB348_p0340b30得和,先得不恭,求不沒於時流者幾何人。大丈夫出J36nB348_p0340c01家,不拌二三生埋頭徹底,輒希十年二十年後,弘教J36nB348_p0340c02揚宗,修天爵以邀人爵,終必亡而已矣。
J36nB348_p0340c03復程用九圓頓行人,春夏秋冬,無非觀心之期,晝夜六時,J36nB348_p0340c04無非觀心之會,行住坐臥,無非觀心之事,說法聽法,J36nB348_p0340c05無非觀心之緣。若必待冬期結制而後觀心,則三時J36nB348_p0340c06講演,仍說食數寶矣。講聽時不與心觀相應,觀心時J36nB348_p0340c07亦決不與教理相應。若是縱百春夏秋講經,百冬觀J36nB348_p0340c08心,到底是兩橛事。書生麤浮領略,無超方出格知見,J36nB348_p0340c09出言鄙陋,從來可歎。經云「人命在呼吸閒。」儒云「才說J36nB348_p0340c10姑待明日,便不可也。」唯居士一向不肯當下隨文入J36nB348_p0340c11觀,妄謂一切人皆不能當下隨文入觀耳。當痛思力J36nB348_p0340c12改,莫作矮子看戲文句當也。
J36nB348_p0340c13寄善超世出世法,孝慈第一。以慈心而修孝行,可順父J36nB348_p0340c14母,格鬼神,況出世師長乎。勉旃,無任情率意也。
J36nB348_p0340c15寄王古學丈夫不難高明,難於精細。苟精細,則儒理釋理J36nB348_p0340c16可分剖同異之致,宗眼教眼可坐證合一之源矣。
J36nB348_p0340c17與沈甫受甫敦《占察行法》,蒙昆玉梓梵冊,而不肖屢結壇,俱J36nB348_p0340c18不獲清淨輪相,此可信天下後世邪?今誓作背水陣,J36nB348_p0340c19掩死關禮之。《十二頭陀經》,俟後或敢著筆,今沈船破J36nB348_p0340c20釜時,未暇作空頭話也。
J36nB348_p0340c21與聖可不肖三業,罪過不少,雜亂垢心,豈致清淨輪相。J36nB348_p0340c22爰發慚愧,退作但三歸人,誓不為師作範,誓不受人J36nB348_p0340c23禮拜,誓不出山,誓得清淨輪相,不論百日千日、六年J36nB348_p0340c24九年,畢死為期。辭嘉興事竟,嗣當辭留都事也。
J36nB348_p0340c25與了因及一切緇素宋儒云:「才過德者不祥,名過實者有殃,文J36nB348_p0340c26過質者莫之與長。」旭一人,犯此三病,無怪久滯凡地,J36nB348_p0340c27不登聖階也。旭十二三時,因任道學而謗三寶,此應J36nB348_p0340c28墮無閒獄,彌陀四十八願所不收,善根未殞,密承觀J36nB348_p0340c29音、地藏二大士力,轉疑得信,轉邪歸正。二十年來,力J36nB348_p0340c30弘正法,冀消謗法之罪。奈煩惱深厚,於諸戒品,說不J36nB348_p0341a01能行。癸酉中元拈鬮,退作菩薩沙彌,蓋以為今比丘J36nB348_p0341a02則有餘,為古沙彌則不足,寧捨有餘,企不足也。夙障J36nB348_p0341a03深重,病魔相纏,從此為九華之隱,以為可終身矣。半J36nB348_p0341a04年餘,又漸流布,浸假而新安,而閩地,而苕城、檇李、留J36nB348_p0341a05都,虛名益盛,實德益荒。今夏感兩番奇疾,求死不得。J36nB348_p0341a06平日慧解雖了了,實不曾得大受用。且如《占察行法》J36nB348_p0341a07一書,細玩精思,方敢遵古式述成,仔細簡點,並無違J36nB348_p0341a08背經宗。乃西湖禮四七,不得清淨輪相,去年禮二七J36nB348_p0341a09不得,今入山禮一七又一日仍不得。禮懺時,煩惱習J36nB348_p0341a10氣現起,更覺異常。故發決定心,盡捨菩薩沙彌所有J36nB348_p0341a11淨戒,作一但三歸弟子。待了因進山,作千日關房,邀J36nB348_p0341a12佛菩薩慈悲拔濟。不然者,寧粉此骨於關中矣。
J36nB348_p0341a13與沈敬園聞楊乘乘與笑禪師齟齬。夫參知識,須領其所J36nB348_p0341a14長,不責其所短。法門深遠,等覺未盡,況今時知識邪?J36nB348_p0341a15法中起過,福反成罪。幸同往釋此芥蒂,法門幸甚。
J36nB348_p0341a16復韓朝集境苦生厭,此苦諦慧也。厭苦則不敢造業,此集J36nB348_p0341a17諦慧也。因不生則果不生,此滅諦慧也。殷勤知悔,即J36nB348_p0341a18道諦慧也。須陀洹所見,見此而已,阿羅漢所證,證此J36nB348_p0341a19而已。捨戒不如法,不必疑,已捨矣,但有世閒性罪,安J36nB348_p0341a20更有犯法罪。受戒不如法,舉世皆然,亦不必疑。但如J36nB348_p0341a21法行一日,便有一日功德,《瑜伽師地論》言之甚詳,時J36nB348_p0341a22當末世,不可以正法為例故也。夫犯戒造惡,固有罪J36nB348_p0341a23矣,念佛書經,獨無福乎?均是佛言,何一信一不信,甘J36nB348_p0341a24墮憂疑坑中邪?悔得當,則名勝行,過其宜,則成悔蓋。J36nB348_p0341a25千經萬論,只要人直下安心。安心無術,只知法無性J36nB348_p0341a26而已。《般若》謂過現未來,心不可得。《華嚴》云,心不妄取J36nB348_p0341a27過去法,亦不貪著未來事,不於現在有所住,了達三J36nB348_p0341a28世悉空寂。仁者聞之熟矣,胡不時時觀察乎?淨土痛J36nB348_p0341a29快直捷,廣大圓融,至頓至易,無機不收,無罪不滅,仁J36nB348_p0341a30初發心,便知歸向,胡三十餘年,猶半信半疑?特錄往J36nB348_p0341b01生公案二則,以助信力,萬勿更躊躕也。但觀察現前J36nB348_p0341b02一念,緣起無生,罪源自涸。此事甚不難,人看得難耳。
J36nB348_p0341b03復唐宜之《妙宗鈔》一書,不可動一字。蓋大小彌陀經,普被J36nB348_p0341b04三根,註須通淺深。此經專被韋提希等圓頓大根,令J36nB348_p0341b05現悟無生忍,儻作是一心之旨未徹,斷無依事修觀J36nB348_p0341b06之理。雲棲謂心粗境細,妙觀難成。本諸善導等諸大J36nB348_p0341b07祖師,信非臆說。旭謂宋時根性稍利,四明發揮猶略,J36nB348_p0341b08若今大師復作,只可詳釋,何容節要?大匠不為拙工J36nB348_p0341b09改廢繩墨,羿不為拙射變其彀率,此係不小。儻圓解J36nB348_p0341b10不十二分透徹,便欲作觀,未有不招魔事者。唯持名J36nB348_p0341b11一法,千穩百當,而圖經及《玅宗鈔》,姑與人結圓頓種。J36nB348_p0341b12或眾生根性不可妄測,亦自有能解者。若解,決不嫌J36nB348_p0341b13多;若未解,刪之於彼何益?且刪淺存深,初機益不能J36nB348_p0341b14解;若刪深存淺,大違經宗。進退思之,萬勿萌此念也。
J36nB348_p0341b15荅蓮勺翁出家,當紹蓮大師法脈。往者雪公,不耐鉗錘,J36nB348_p0341b16甘心小就,楊生志大才美,因地欠真,皆作古人,良可J36nB348_p0341b17歎悼。旭福尟障深,聊作村學究句當,賴二三童蒙,未J36nB348_p0341b18染近時惡態,僅種金剛種子。儻先有成見者,任掉頭J36nB348_p0341b19不顧而已。自愧百煉千磨,終未斷惑證果,而具縛凡J36nB348_p0341b20夫,以肉眼作佛眼用,若教若宗,得無纖毫疑滯。故著J36nB348_p0341b21述甚多,皆可考諸佛祖而俟百世,此真自信,非天下J36nB348_p0341b22能瞞盰也。承示《心經口義》,別具見學富才華,儻欲壽J36nB348_p0341b23梓,不妨再酌。法門至誼,無容獻諛,知不見罪耳。
J36nB348_p0341b24荅韓服遠尊恙鬱痰所致,鬱又從勘境不破所致也。種種J36nB348_p0341b25逆境,可動心忍性,增益不能,皆所以成就自己而已。J36nB348_p0341b26世道交喪,儒門久已無人,願足下矢志為君子儒。近J36nB348_p0341b27世學佛人,才聽講,只思做法師,才不思做法師,便不J36nB348_p0341b28肯究心佛法;學儒人,才讀書,只思中進士,才不思中J36nB348_p0341b29進士,便不讀書。殊不知讀書,是為聖賢正路,研究佛J36nB348_p0341b30法,是成菩提、生西方正路也。哀哉!然佛門猶有一二J36nB348_p0341c01知成佛者,儒門絕無一人思為聖賢,世安得不亂,亂J36nB348_p0341c02安得復治邪?足下果發起決定為聖賢心,而釋迦不J36nB348_p0341c03暗中摩頂,孔子不晝夜擁護,無有是處。
J36nB348_p0341c04復張中柱儒釋二學,到家雖別,入門大同。若云尊德性而J36nB348_p0341c05道問學,即全性起修之謂也,若云下學而上達,即全J36nB348_p0341c06修顯性之謂也,未有不圓悟心佛眾生三無差別,可J36nB348_p0341c07言修證工夫者,亦未有不深修十乘妙觀,可階究竟J36nB348_p0341c08極果者。是故近世苟簡法門,最易湊泊,最難到家;佛J36nB348_p0341c09祖無上心印,最難入手,最易成辦。溈山云:「此宗難得J36nB348_p0341c10其妙,切須仔細用心。」可中頓悟正因,便是出塵階漸。J36nB348_p0341c11生生若能不退,佛階決定可期。上古宗匠之言,類皆J36nB348_p0341c12斟酌穩重若此,豈以一棒一喝,一句一偈,謬作極則J36nB348_p0341c13者邪?承問諸書,《大乘止觀》,性相總持,實與《佛頂玄文》、J36nB348_p0341c14《唯識心要》二書,相為表裏。苟留心既久,得其血脈,一J36nB348_p0341c15代時教,思過半矣。《小止觀》,可依行持。《摩訶止觀》,淵深J36nB348_p0341c16宏博,須《輔行》並觀。《禪波羅密門》所詮禪法,工夫稍得J36nB348_p0341c17力,即取看之可也。《六妙門》、《維摩疏》二書,久錮海東。儻J36nB348_p0341c18仗鼎力,復照此地,乃千古奇事,日夜祝之。
J36nB348_p0341c19復陳旻昭力疾草法華會義,七旬告成。然每一念及佛道J36nB348_p0341c20深遠,未嘗不涕淚交流。昔溈山三作國王,遂忘宿命,J36nB348_p0341c21戒老一念偶誤,復為坡仙,證斷之難,固不待言矣。又J36nB348_p0341c22憶經中阿難白佛:「十二因緣,特易解耳。」佛語阿難:「莫J36nB348_p0341c23作是說,除佛一人,餘不能盡因緣性海也。」遂舉往事J36nB348_p0341c24以訶之。昔有阿修羅子,語其父曰:「大海特淺淺耳。」父J36nB348_p0341c25曰:「我身長七千由旬,以幻術故,變為十六萬八千由J36nB348_p0341c26旬,乃窮其底。汝年幼,身僅七百由旬,又未有幻術,何J36nB348_p0341c27藐視此海邪。」子不信,投身入海,沒溺洪波,幾至喪命。J36nB348_p0341c28父以幻力接出,喘息僅存。佛語阿難:「往昔阿修羅王,J36nB348_p0341c29即我身是,阿修羅子,即汝身是。汝昔輕視大海,而受J36nB348_p0341c30疲苦。今復於我法中,輕視十二因緣甚深法海,當招J36nB348_p0342a01惡報。」於是阿難慚愧改悔,誓不於法起輕易想,至如J36nB348_p0342a02來滅後,方辦大事,傳佛心宗。此解悟之難,又豈容藐J36nB348_p0342a03忽哉。念此二難,方切悲痛。謬辱獎譽,以為義句兼到、J36nB348_p0342a04解行雙圓,不益令我置顏無地邪。
J36nB348_p0342a05復導關吾人本分中事,如飲水,冷煖自知。然有先飲水J36nB348_p0342a06知令煖者,分毫瞞他不得。所以十乘觀法,須知次位,J36nB348_p0342a07儻有觀無教,未有不墮增上慢者。既四楞塌地,不同J36nB348_p0342a08迷時法華轉,便可恆轉是經,隨文入證,方名不雜用J36nB348_p0342a09心。儻不看一字,則此一字,仍是礙心之物,豈虛空已J36nB348_p0342a10碎,一字尚未碎,大地已沉,一字尚未沉,看則便被他J36nB348_p0342a11雜,不成一片邪?幸細思之,當噴飯滿案也。
J36nB348_p0342a12復達戒勤心作福,不可但貪清閑。少年清閑,是不祥事,J36nB348_p0342a13非折壽則損福。於清閑二字,作毒藥想,方有少分出J36nB348_p0342a14生死路。背經雖好,非出家正務。周利不誦半偈,深證J36nB348_p0342a15二種解脫。提婆在家通十二韋陀,出家通八萬法藏,J36nB348_p0342a16無救阿鼻地獄三大劫苦。牛飲水成乳,蛇飲水成毒,J36nB348_p0342a17智學成菩提,愚學成生死,不可不深思也。
J36nB348_p0342a18復松溪法主癸亥春,拜見幽溪尊者。時,正墮禪病,未領片J36nB348_p0342a19益。戊辰冬,遇歸一兄,方悔向日當面錯過。曾刺血書J36nB348_p0342a20一然香,供師伯文,寄至台嶺,屈指二十二年矣。台宗J36nB348_p0342a21一脈,我兄勇猛仔肩,次達月管公,亦復半壁。觀彼會J36nB348_p0342a22合《玄籤》,一字弗敢稍易,知不墜家風也。如劣弟者,少J36nB348_p0342a23年誤中宗門惡毒,放恣之習,淪骨浹髓。今雖痛革,餘J36nB348_p0342a24習難除,故私淑台宗,不敢冒認法派。誠恐著述偶有J36nB348_p0342a25出入,反招山外背宗之誚。近述《法華會義》,因留都久J36nB348_p0342a26染,知音大窾,酸臭氣味,絕不知權實本跡綱宗,況得J36nB348_p0342a27觀心悉檀四益,語以三大五小,甫展卷,無不望洋而J36nB348_p0342a28退。不得已,竊取《文句》妙樂之旨,別抒平易顯豁之文,J36nB348_p0342a29聊作引誘童蒙方便耳。消文分句,不無小殊,教部時J36nB348_p0342a30味,敢有他議哉。然置弟門外,不妨稱為功臣。收弟室J36nB348_p0342b01中,則不免為逆子。知我罪我,聽之而已。
J36nB348_p0342b02與唐宜之讀修行會義序,知有卓見。但曰:修行須修般若,J36nB348_p0342b03般若以實相為體,觀照為宗,無住生心為因,究竟種J36nB348_p0342b04智為果。經云「於法實無所得,不可以三十二相得見J36nB348_p0342b05如來,無有法得菩提,故然燈授記」,皆指示初下手時,J36nB348_p0342b06以無所得為方便之觀門,所謂應無所住而生其心J36nB348_p0342b07者也。居士反判作第一義諦,一可商也。論云「不離佛J36nB348_p0342b08世住,供給如來住,求佛教授住」,皆點明菩薩位中,分J36nB348_p0342b09得真實受用,所謂漸住究竟種智者也。居士反判作J36nB348_p0342b10忠恕之語,二可商也。請以喻明,黃帝失珠,罔象得之,J36nB348_p0342b11今於法實無所得等,皆罔象之求也,可竟喚作第一J36nB348_p0342b12義諦乎?不離佛世,供給如來,求佛教授,皆玄珠之異J36nB348_p0342b13名也,可喚作切實功夫乎?雖王文成云:「喚戒慎恐懼J36nB348_p0342b14作本體亦得,喚不睹不聞作工夫亦得。」然戒慎恐懼,J36nB348_p0342b15畢竟是達本體之工夫,猶所謂於法實無所得等;不J36nB348_p0342b16睹不聞,畢竟是工夫所顯之本體,猶所謂不離佛世J36nB348_p0342b17住等。若直以實無所得等為第一義諦,何異偏空?不J36nB348_p0342b18離佛世等為工夫,何異著相?以著相工夫,求偏空義J36nB348_p0342b19諦,是背般若,豈修行般若哉?此等關係,迷悟攸分,儻J36nB348_p0342b20肯細細理會一番,不唯更有一番真實受用,即古人J36nB348_p0342b21鼻孔,亦決不向文字同異中卜度矣。納近重閱《大般J36nB348_p0342b22若》六百卷,見其義趣,愈博愈約,無法不從此出,無法J36nB348_p0342b23不歸於此。六祖所謂法法皆通,法法皆備,而無一法J36nB348_p0342b24可得者,正以無一法可得,故法法皆通,法法皆備也。J36nB348_p0342b25無一法可得,最上乘下手工夫;法法皆通,法法皆備,J36nB348_p0342b26最上乘圓滿本體也。設有一法可得,則被此一法所J36nB348_p0342b27礙,不能法法皆通、法法皆備矣。如唐太宗,設不拌喪J36nB348_p0342b28家亡身,何得富有天下。直至富有天下,即以天下為J36nB348_p0342b29家、天下為身,亡身家者,為莫大身家。是故於法實無J36nB348_p0342b30所得,則恆不離佛世;不以相見如來,則恆供給如來。J36nB348_p0342c01無有法得菩提,則能求佛教授,如此方名修行般若,J36nB348_p0342c02方可降伏其心,方為住所應住。不然,依文解義,三世J36nB348_p0342c03佛冤,縱行六波羅密百千萬劫,以有所得為方便,終J36nB348_p0342c04名遠離甚深般若而已。向謬述破空論,破今人之得J36nB348_p0342c05空故也。若無所得,則不得有,亦不得空,亦不得無所J36nB348_p0342c06得,何所可破哉?
J36nB348_p0342c07荅唐宜之二書問意,請直言之。紫柏之問,為要問,切問,妙問,J36nB348_p0342c08坐斷咽喉問,立斷命根問,向彼問處著眼,十個有五J36nB348_p0342c09雙悟道。居士之問,為呆問,迂問,戲問,不達理路問,佛J36nB348_p0342c10所不荅問,若向此胡思亂想,十個有五雙發邪。經明J36nB348_p0342c11不應思而思,不應問而問,反成毒智也。夫六百卷《般J36nB348_p0342c12若》,《心經》該之,《心經》二三百言,照見五蘊一語該之,照J36nB348_p0342c13見一語,色心二字該之。凡所照者,無非色攝;凡能照J36nB348_p0342c14者,無非心攝。而能所無性,由妄念立,故瞥爾一念,則J36nB348_p0342c15為色心本源。究此一念瞥起,起處無從,全依真性。然J36nB348_p0342c16真非妄因,何因起妄?真非有外,妄豈外來?展轉簡責,J36nB348_p0342c17畢竟此妄,從何瞥起?此銀牆鐵壁真疑情,真話頭也。J36nB348_p0342c18不論年月時劫,只有此個疑團,眉毛與大地廝結,會J36nB348_p0342c19須討個分曉,老鼠入牛角尖,定有倒斷處。又如鼠咬J36nB348_p0342c20棺材,不穿不歇。如此疑去,勿忘勿助。機緣到時,噴地J36nB348_p0342c21悟去,方知世界身心,本是翳眼空花。本來不生,不復J36nB348_p0342c22更滅,那得更有無始劫前,最初起念之由可問?如癡J36nB348_p0342c23人說夢也。就此噴地悟門,復分淺深邪正,須略言之。J36nB348_p0342c24有人得此,坐斷兩頭消息,便謂一空永空,無復修證J36nB348_p0342c25可論,則為惡取空見,反墮大坑。有人得此,了知身心J36nB348_p0342c26世界,皆如夢影,執著漸輕,修行漸進,則為乾慧。有人J36nB348_p0342c27得此,知身心世界,雖如幻影,唯有真心,不生不滅,為J36nB348_p0342c28一切生滅所依,由是雲興六度萬行,助嚴真心,自他J36nB348_p0342c29兩利,則為中道正信。有人得此,了妄無生,全是性起,J36nB348_p0342c30真性不生不滅,則一切法,當下亦皆不生不滅,真性J36nB348_p0343a01具一切法,造一切法,一切法亦皆具一切法、造一切J36nB348_p0343a02法,遂見法法互融互具,互遍互周;雖復重重融具遍J36nB348_p0343a03周,亦無所在;雖無所在,而無盡無盡,法法宛然。是謂J36nB348_p0343a04具縛凡夫,能知如來祕密之藏,雖是肉眼,即名佛眼,J36nB348_p0343a05從始至終,以此佛知佛見,而為修行,直至圓滿菩提,J36nB348_p0343a06歸無所得,中閒永無諸委曲相。溈山云:「此宗難得其J36nB348_p0343a07妙,切須仔細用心。可中頓悟正因,便是出塵階漸。」生J36nB348_p0343a08生若能不退,佛階決定可期。此之謂也。豈似後世講J36nB348_p0343a09士,妄計積功累行,不明平等法性;又豈似今時狂禪,J36nB348_p0343a10妄計即心即佛,不知差別義門者邪?然欲發妙悟,或J36nB348_p0343a11從思入,或從聞入,事非一概,但先滌舊時知見,令淨J36nB348_p0343a12盡無餘,方堪有新益耳。其一
狂言駭聽,乃蒙嘉納,且J36nB348_p0343a13承不棄,賜以忠告,字字金錍,可銘可戴。嗟乎!惺兄逝J36nB348_p0343a14後,久不聞直諒之言矣,今何幸得此於老居士哉。雖J36nB348_p0343a15習氣深重,當數數念此良藥,漸有瘳也。生平過失多J36nB348_p0343a16端,不止動氣、輕喜二種,尤望不吝直言,令我改革。但J36nB348_p0343a17動氣一事,有大不得已處。夫五百弟子,各說身因,雖J36nB348_p0343a18皆非佛意,而各稱善說者,以入門不同,到家則一,又J36nB348_p0343a19未知佛實意,皆順佛權門,故不妨也。儻如楊墨充塞J36nB348_p0343a20仁義,則孟子必為之懼,遑恤好辯之譏哉。所以慈明J36nB348_p0343a21慢罵諸方,大慧痛訶暗證,罹大禍而不敢避,是或別J36nB348_p0343a22有一道,不可以雲棲、竹林之法例之也。雖然,不肖力J36nB348_p0343a23學不怒之威,居士深諒折肱之苦,庶幾允當也乎。
J36nB348_p0343a24寄達月法主尊者台宗獨步,不唯近接幽溪之緒,實遠繼J36nB348_p0343a25荊溪之教,非同皋亭一派,有名無實也。曾聞台門多J36nB348_p0343a26順子,乃即中之門,何以有躍冶之金邪。憶甲戌春,見J36nB348_p0343a27金若采《法華百問》,時一笑置之。不意歷年七周,未摧J36nB348_p0343a28斧鉞,今且梓成,何肆無忌憚至此?雖鄙陋淺惡,亦有J36nB348_p0343a29一輩生盲,輒從其教,在尊者已不屑誨,其如害愚小J36nB348_p0343a30何?昔世尊於提婆達多之逆,必遣舍利弗,廣向王臣J36nB348_p0343b01說其過罪,尊能獨默然邪?某睹茲僭竊,悲出肺肝,自J36nB348_p0343b02附於沐浴請討之科,姑直批彼邪問,呈諸方丈。法道J36nB348_p0343b03陵夷,斯時為甚,壞正教者,不止一金氏。尊者向現居J36nB348_p0343b04士身,已作人天重望,況今儼然沙門儀表,釋迦、智者、J36nB348_p0343b05荊溪,實式臨之,何容諉其責也。
J36nB348_p0343b06與見月律主律學之訛,將及千載。義淨、懷素二師既沒,能J36nB348_p0343b07知開遮持犯、輕重緩急者,絕無其人。近世愍忠大慧J36nB348_p0343b08律主,頗糾正小半,猶未復佛世芳規。旭又薄德尟福,J36nB348_p0343b09不足取信於人。寤寐永歎,涕淚交流,大廈將傾,決非J36nB348_p0343b10一木所支。邇聞座下奮金剛志、秉智慧炬,革弊遵古,J36nB348_p0343b11喜而不寐,冀獲良晤,盡獻片長,以益明聖塵歸大地,J36nB348_p0343b12水入滄溟,座下既得盡善盡美,旭亦無遺珠刖璞之J36nB348_p0343b13憾矣。今夏細商《集要》一遍,遂重治成槁,卷帙較舊不J36nB348_p0343b14多,而刪繁補要,頗為精鍊,并聞之具眼者。
J36nB348_p0343b15與劉純之此一大事因緣,積訛已久。伶俐人往往意見湊J36nB348_p0343b16泊,氣魄承當,如余集翁輩,可為殷鑒。《五燈花》一書,豈J36nB348_p0343b17不為千古具眼者笑邪。陳旻翁,深心弘護,肉身韋馱。J36nB348_p0343b18但本分中事,有時精細巧妙,不愧古人;有時粗疏抹J36nB348_p0343b19過,尚不堪與座主提草鞋,亦未經陶鍊耳。渠於法門,J36nB348_p0343b20極為在行,絕不承當悟字,甚討便宜。然微窺其意,遠J36nB348_p0343b21不如做秀才時之虛心矣。世閒科第,果能埋沒賢豪J36nB348_p0343b22者邪。可畏也。
J36nB348_p0343b23復張中柱承諭,世俗通病,唯喜熱鬧道場。誠當世師資,頂J36nB348_p0343b24門一鍼。晨昏佛號悲咒,便是宦海慈航,自利利他,法J36nB348_p0343b25皆具足,只恐含元殿裏更覓長安。然丈室留心圓頓J36nB348_p0343b26教法,決不同近日伶俐士夫,得便宜處失便宜也。
J36nB348_p0343b27寄錢牧齋今夏兩番大病垂死,季秋閱藏方竟,仲冬一病J36nB348_p0343b28更甚,七晝夜不能坐臥,不能飲食,不可療治,無術分J36nB348_p0343b29解,唯痛哭稱佛菩薩名字,求生淨土而已。具縛凡夫,J36nB348_p0343b30損己利人,人未必利,己之受害如此,平日實唯在心J36nB348_p0343c01性上用力,尚不得力,況僅從文字上用力者哉。出生J36nB348_p0343c02死,成菩提,殊非易事,非丈室,誰知此實語也。
J36nB348_p0343c03復錢牧齋濟雲鬥諍,不啻小兒戲。閱儒釋宗傳,竊議可付J36nB348_p0343c04一笑矣。續燈事,遍集明朝語錄,乃可成之,非朝夕能J36nB348_p0343c05辦,未填溝壑,當以三四年為期也。著述須實從自己J36nB348_p0343c06胸中流出,方可光前絕後。設非居安資深,左右逢源,J36nB348_p0343c07縱博極群書,遍採眾長,終是義襲而取,不可謂集大J36nB348_p0343c08成也。大菩薩乘願力闡正法,須如馬鳴、龍樹、智者、清J36nB348_p0343c09涼,立極千古。若圭峰、長水輩,雖各有所得,猶未免為J36nB348_p0343c10明眼簡點,況其餘哉。乞丈室裁之。憨大師性相通說,J36nB348_p0343c11久為教家嗤笑,無能為害。達大師以能所八法所成,J36nB348_p0343c12釋性境二字,不過承魯菴之訛,習而不察,白璧微瑕J36nB348_p0343c13耳。交光用根一語,毒流天下,遺禍無窮,非一言可罄。J36nB348_p0343c14《宗鏡》對畢,乞寄還山中,所許通翼,亦乞慨付。
靈峰蕅益大師宗論卷第五之二
J36nB348_p0344a01靈峰蕅益大師宗論卷第五之三
J36nB348_p0344a02論
J36nB348_p0344a03參究念佛論
J36nB348_p0344a04原夫本覺妙明,真如法界。智理無能所之分,依正絕J36nB348_p0344a05自他之量。秖因迷妄,遍計橫生,背覺性而九界雜陳,J36nB348_p0344a06昧真境而三土幻現。勞我世尊,垂慈設教,隨眾生根J36nB348_p0344a07性,示無量法門。或顯了說;或隱覆談;或曲接偏機,漸J36nB348_p0344a08令入道;或直投圓種,頓使開明;或從一法中,分別說J36nB348_p0344a09為無量,或以異方便,善巧助顯一乘。雖復教網萬殊,J36nB348_p0344a10無非醒九界長夢,令復還元覺,了三土幻翳,令冥契J36nB348_p0344a11寂光耳。然了義中最了義、圓頓中極圓頓、方便中第J36nB348_p0344a12一方便,無如淨土一門。何以言之?隨其心淨,則佛土J36nB348_p0344a13淨,見思淨超同居,塵沙淨超方便,無明淨超實報。故J36nB348_p0344a14曰「唯佛一人居淨土」,尚何不了之義。眾生心念佛時,J36nB348_p0344a15是心作佛,是心是佛,以一念頓入佛海。故曰「一稱南J36nB348_p0344a16無佛,皆已成佛道。」若人專念彌陀佛,是名無上深妙J36nB348_p0344a17禪,豈不至圓至頓。果德願力,不可思議,因心信力,亦J36nB348_p0344a18不可思議。感應道交,文成印壞,以凡夫而階不退,未J36nB348_p0344a19斷惑而得橫超。又復三根普被,四土橫該,五濁輕淨J36nB348_p0344a20在同居,體空巧淨在方便,三觀圓淨在實報,究竟覺J36nB348_p0344a21淨在寂光,尚無等者,矧或過之,是名不可思議功德,J36nB348_p0344a22世閒難信之法也。總其大要,須具信願行三。信則信J36nB348_p0344a23事信理,信自信他,信因信果。知心外無土,土外無心,J36nB348_p0344a24性外無佛,佛外無性,因必該果,果必徹因。願則念念J36nB348_p0344a25回向,心心趨往。行則無量法門,會歸一致。而淨土正J36nB348_p0344a26行,尤以念佛為首。顧念佛一行,乃有多塗,《小經》重持J36nB348_p0344a27名,《楞嚴》但憶念,《觀經》主於觀境,《大集》觀佛實相。後世J36nB348_p0344a28智徹禪師,復開參究一路,雲棲大師,極力主張淨土,J36nB348_p0344a29亦不廢其說。但法門雖異,同以淨土為歸。獨參究之J36nB348_p0344a30說,既與禪宗相濫,不無淆訛可商。嘗試論之。心佛眾J36nB348_p0344b01生,三無差別,果能諦信,斯直知歸,未了之人,不妨疑J36nB348_p0344b02著。故誰字公案,曲被時機,有大利,亦有大害。言大利J36nB348_p0344b03者,以念或疲緩,令彼深追力究,助發良多。又未明念J36nB348_p0344b04性本空,能所不二,藉此為敲門瓦子,皆有深益。必淨J36nB348_p0344b05土為主,參究助之,徹與未徹,始不障往生。言大害者,J36nB348_p0344b06既涉參究,便單恃己靈,不求佛力,但欲現世發明,不J36nB348_p0344b07復願往,或因疑生障,謂不能生,甚則廢置萬行,棄捨J36nB348_p0344b08經典。古人本意,原欲攝禪歸淨,於禪宗開此權機。今J36nB348_p0344b09人錯會,多至捨淨從禪,於淨宗翻成破法,全乖淨業J36nB348_p0344b10正因,安冀往生彼國?問:淨土為主,參究可當念佛否?J36nB348_p0344b11荅:參念皆屬行攝,切則參亦往生,不切則念亦不生。J36nB348_p0344b12又雖有切行,若信願為導則往生,無信願為導則不J36nB348_p0344b13生也。問:徹悟人還須往生否?荅:普賢願王,導歸極樂,J36nB348_p0344b14初地至十地,皆云不離念佛。怡山發願,承事十方諸J36nB348_p0344b15佛,無有疲勞。百丈清規,課誦送亡等事,無不指歸淨J36nB348_p0344b16土。故天如云:「若果悟道,淨土之生,萬牛莫挽。」雲棲云:J36nB348_p0344b17「悟後不願往生,敢保老兄未悟。」是知凡言不必生淨J36nB348_p0344b18土者,皆是增上慢人,非真入菩薩位者也。問:念佛兼J36nB348_p0344b19參究,可為助行,參禪兼願往,非偷心歟?荅:無禪之淨J36nB348_p0344b20土,非真淨土;無淨土之禪,非真禪。然淨土之禪,本不J36nB348_p0344b21須參究,但一心不亂即靜,名號歷然即慮。若夫禪之J36nB348_p0344b22淨土,必須證極淨心,非可以理奪事。從上諸祖,凡情J36nB348_p0344b23已盡,聖解未忘,不妨隨機埽執。後世學人,雖有乾慧,J36nB348_p0344b24染習未枯,自非發願往生,依舊隨業輪轉。永明四料J36nB348_p0344b25簡,楚石十念不缺等,正所謂有禪有淨,豈偷心也。問:J36nB348_p0344b26參究念佛,與止觀法門,為同為異?荅:理則互融,門實J36nB348_p0344b27有異。止觀以信入,參究以疑入。止觀雖三根普被,而J36nB348_p0344b28上根方真得明了;參究雖亦被三根,而上根始獲大J36nB348_p0344b29總持。且如下根之人,或念佛、或參究,雖未達止觀深J36nB348_p0344b30理,然理無不具,以置心一處即止,用心參念即觀。故J36nB348_p0344c01中根之人,或借解而起念行,或塞解而發參情,雖隨J36nB348_p0344c02機致用不同,亦皆不失止觀大義。惟上根之士,直下J36nB348_p0344c03相應,境智一如,觀諦不二,斯時念與不念,皆得而究J36nB348_p0344c04竟,更無可參。何以故?言前薦得,屈我宗風;句下分明,J36nB348_p0344c05沉埋佛祖。故知參究念佛之說,是權非實,是助非正,J36nB348_p0344c06雖不可廢,尤不可執,廢則缺萬行中一行,執則以一J36nB348_p0344c07行而礙萬行也。高明學道之士,試熟計而力行之。
慈悲緣苦眾生論
J36nB348_p0344c09自佛性之理不明,同體之誼斯晦。但知好善惡惡,罔J36nB348_p0344c10知與樂拔苦,異類傍生,藐若草芥,囹圄罪苦,視作當J36nB348_p0344c11然。誰知蠢蠢含生,知覺無別,貿貿惡黨,人類是齊,迷J36nB348_p0344c12性靈而有意招愆,已為可憫,因夙障而無端罹網,尤J36nB348_p0344c13屬堪哀。乃有目睹悽惶,耳聆哀叫,不惟漠不關懷,方J36nB348_p0344c14且快稱應爾。嗚呼!悲名拔苦,捨此輩以何緣?慈名與J36nB348_p0344c15樂,向善趣而奚益。《戒本經》云「菩薩於惡人所,起慈悲J36nB348_p0344c16心,深於善人。」良有以也。未探斯旨,藉口懲非,自恃暫J36nB348_p0344c17居福報,邪慢盈懷。慶他劇受苦輪,羅剎無異。豈有稍J36nB348_p0344c18悟常住慈心,而無同體切膚之痛者邪?或曰:慈悲與J36nB348_p0344c19拔,乃果上之功能;慚愧勸懲,實因中之妙行。故尊崇J36nB348_p0344c20賢善,名之為慚;輕拒暴惡,名之為愧。慚愧自嚴,方能J36nB348_p0344c21斷惡修善;慈悲利物,乃是接世度生。何得初心,藉口J36nB348_p0344c22大聖?噫!誤矣。夫慈悲慚愧,同稱善心,因中乃可同修,J36nB348_p0344c23果上方能同滿。若如子論,則菩薩不修四無量心,佛J36nB348_p0344c24果不名具足慚愧。失既非細,罪乃瀰天。詎知慈悲慚J36nB348_p0344c25愧,恰恰相成?有慚愧者,方有慈悲;無慈悲者,即無慚J36nB348_p0344c26愧。蓋由了達心佛眾生,三無差別,觀佛即心,是生慚J36nB348_p0344c27愧;觀生即佛,是起慈悲。尊崇本有賢善之性,隨願與J36nB348_p0344c28一切眾生性德之樂,輕拒迷真暴惡之習,隨願拔一J36nB348_p0344c29切眾生性德之苦。有一分慚愧,方有一分慈悲,有十J36nB348_p0344c30分慈悲,方為十分慚愧。汝今見此同稟血氣,同抱靈J36nB348_p0345a01覺之流,背自真心,枉受困苦,不思拯拔,反起傲心,不J36nB348_p0345a02惟無慈悲,正屬無慚愧耳。儻悟明心性,確知生佛體J36nB348_p0345a03同,見此未來諸佛,枉墮三塗八難,便當惕目傷心,胼J36nB348_p0345a04手胝足,如饑食渴飲,欲罷不能,何忍視作泛常,反以J36nB348_p0345a05救援為迂務邪?只恐前生之善報有限,他世之苦果J36nB348_p0345a06無窮,既永隔於圓悲,諸佛亦難授手。今日所以笑傲J36nB348_p0345a07苦倫者,他日復為苦倫所笑傲也。悲夫。
非時食戒十大益論
J36nB348_p0345a09客問杜多子曰:吾聞殺盜婬妄,名為性罪,飲酒昏迷,J36nB348_p0345a10失智慧種,食眾生肉,斷大慈悲,是以如來制戒,七眾J36nB348_p0345a11同遵,固無惑焉。至於常食養身,有何過咎?而非時食J36nB348_p0345a12戒,如此嚴邪?願聞其旨。杜多子曰:吾正欲申齋法之J36nB348_p0345a13要,以軌行人。時哉,問也!夫齋法是十方三世諸佛弟J36nB348_p0345a14子通行大道,出生死法之要津也。愚夫逐逐口腹,甘J36nB348_p0345a15為飲食之人,既畏此律檢,豈辨其利益?今原如來立J36nB348_p0345a16制本意,盡善盡美,何能殫述?略而舉之,大益有十:一、J36nB348_p0345a17斷生死緣。經云「一切眾生,皆因婬欲而正性命。」又云J36nB348_p0345a18「三界眾生,皆依飲食而得存活,所謂段食,觸食,思食,J36nB348_p0345a19識食。」由此觀之,婬欲固生死正因,飲食乃生死第一J36nB348_p0345a20增上緣也。均為五欲所攝,特資此毒身,借之修道,不J36nB348_p0345a21能全斷,然設得時食,尚作曠野食子肉想,何容恣意J36nB348_p0345a22於非時邪?二、表中道義。台宗云:午前進食,表方便道,J36nB348_p0345a23猶似有法可得;過中不食,表除中道外,更無所需。此J36nB348_p0345a24之理觀,全托事境,儻粗戒尚不自持,非同俗人夜猶J36nB348_p0345a25飲食,放縱之不及,即同外道日啖一麻一麥之太過,J36nB348_p0345a26行不適中,妙理何由契會?三、調身少病。脾主信,數數J36nB348_p0345a27食,最能傷脾,故玄門以戒晚食為養生善術,豈名忍J36nB348_p0345a28餓。四、道業尊崇,趙州云:「二時粥飯,是雜用心處。」二時J36nB348_p0345a29已雜,況三四邪。儒曰:飲食之人,則人賤之。今恪守齋J36nB348_p0345a30法,專精辦道,道業自隆。五、堅固戒品,晚食助火助氣,J36nB348_p0345b01增長婬心,今寂爾清淨,戒體堅牢。六、堪能修定,斷其J36nB348_p0345b02雜食亂想,身心輕利,取定不難。七、出生智慧,晚餐助J36nB348_p0345b03昏蓋,今清淨惺寂,不障觀慧。又於四種食,如法作厭J36nB348_p0345b04離想,即能斷三界惑。八、離鬼畜業,畜生午後食,鬼夜J36nB348_p0345b05食,不持齋法,鬼畜無異,牽入其類;持此齋法,遠離二J36nB348_p0345b06趣生緣。九、不惱檀信,謂長乞食者,設午後更復持缽,J36nB348_p0345b07則終日但見沙門往還,必令施主生惱。今午後惟晏J36nB348_p0345b08坐修道,能令僧俗皆安。十、不擾行人,今時叢林晚餐,J36nB348_p0345b09廚人惟事炊爨,終身碌碌,不異傭工。齋法若明,則無J36nB348_p0345b10此煩擾,共修道業。是以諸佛出世,必立此制,乃至在J36nB348_p0345b11家居士,猶令於月六齋日,受八關齋法,以種永出因J36nB348_p0345b12緣,況沙彌比丘,可無慚無愧,非時受食邪?設有病苦J36nB348_p0345b13因緣,佛自立非時漿、七日藥以濟之,斷無以晚食為J36nB348_p0345b14藥石之理也。願高明者,深信而力行之。
念佛即禪觀論
J36nB348_p0345b16或問蕅益子曰:參禪、教觀,與念佛法門,同邪異邪?荅J36nB348_p0345b17曰:同異皆戲論也,即亦同亦異、非同非異,亦戲論也,J36nB348_p0345b18以三種法門,無不離四句故。若知一切法,無非即心J36nB348_p0345b19自性,仍可四句而詮顯之。何者?梵語禪那,此云靜慮,J36nB348_p0345b20靜即是定,慮即是慧,靜即止,慮即觀,靜即寂,慮即照,J36nB348_p0345b21是故定慧也,止觀也,寂照也,皆一體而異名也。或謂J36nB348_p0345b22寂照約性,餘二約修,止觀約因,定慧約果,不過一往J36nB348_p0345b23語耳。夫吾人現前一念心性,雖昏迷倒惑,靈知終不J36nB348_p0345b24可滅,雖流轉紛擾,本體終未嘗動,此豈非寂照真源,J36nB348_p0345b25止觀血脈,定慧根據乎?究此現前一念心性,名為參J36nB348_p0345b26禪;達此現前一念心性,名為止觀;思惟憶持此現前J36nB348_p0345b27一念心性,名為念佛。蓋念者始覺之智,佛者本覺之J36nB348_p0345b28理也。就此念佛法門,有念自佛、他佛、自他佛之不同,J36nB348_p0345b29若單念自佛,與參禪止觀全同;若單念他佛,與參禪J36nB348_p0345b30止觀,亦異亦同;若雙念自他佛,與參禪止觀,非異非J36nB348_p0345c01同。夫念自佛者,是四念處觀,所謂觀身、觀受、觀心、觀J36nB348_p0345c02法。若一切法門,不為四念處所攝,即外道法,故知與J36nB348_p0345c03禪觀同也。夫念他佛者,或念相好、或法門、或實相,或J36nB348_p0345c04不能作此三種念者,則但持名號。若念相好,一往似J36nB348_p0345c05與禪觀異,然必止息異緣,專觀彼佛,則仍與止觀同,J36nB348_p0345c06亦仍與靜慮同也。念法門者,例此可知。若念實相,雖J36nB348_p0345c07托他果佛為異,然終無兩種實相,究竟是同。若持名J36nB348_p0345c08號,一往亦與禪觀異,然無論解與不解,而所持之名,J36nB348_p0345c09當體無非一境三諦,能持之心,當體無非一心三觀。J36nB348_p0345c10故曰:明珠投於濁水,濁水不得不清;佛號投於亂心,J36nB348_p0345c11亂心不得不一。是則心無異緣,即是靜是止,名號歷J36nB348_p0345c12歷,即是慮是觀,亦究竟同也。夫雙念自他佛者,了知J36nB348_p0345c13心佛眾生三無差別,乃托他佛,助顯本性。由悟本性,J36nB348_p0345c14故與禪觀非異;由托他佛,故與禪觀非同,是謂勝異J36nB348_p0345c15方便,無上法門。《文殊般若經》、《般舟三昧經》、《觀無量壽J36nB348_p0345c16佛經》等,皆明此圓頓了義,而《妙宗鈔》申之為詳,凡棲J36nB348_p0345c17心淨土之士,不可不熟究而力行之也。
辯
J36nB348_p0345c19戒衣辯訛
J36nB348_p0345c20出家有戒衣,猶居官有公服也。戒既七眾不同,衣豈J36nB348_p0345c21一概無別?佛為比丘,則制三衣:一、僧伽梨,本宜九條,J36nB348_p0345c22或十二條,貧窶無措,事不獲已,乃用二十五條,名後J36nB348_p0345c23後品,非上上品也。二、鬱多羅僧,惟用七條。三、安陀會,J36nB348_p0345c24惟用五條。此三皆名袈裟,以是壞色,非彩色故;亦名J36nB348_p0345c25田衣,以其形似水田,又僧為人世福田也。為比丘尼,J36nB348_p0345c26則制五衣,三衣如上,加掩腋衣,浴衣也。為沙彌,則制J36nB348_p0345c27二衣:一、上衣,即無縫袈裟,亦名縵條衣,色與比丘同,J36nB348_p0345c28制與比丘異,但直縫之,不許刺葉。故律部云「求寂之J36nB348_p0345c29徒,縵條是服,輒披五條,深為罪濫。」蓋沙彌雖已出家,J36nB348_p0345c30尚未入僧寶數,是故五條,猶不許披,況七條、九條等J36nB348_p0346a01乎?二、內衣,即掩腋衣之類,梵稱僧腳崎也。為菩薩優J36nB348_p0346a02婆塞,則令畜無縫三衣,制與沙彌同,入壇行道,方許J36nB348_p0346a03披之,平日不得披著,所以與沙彌別也。今時衣制,大J36nB348_p0346a04違律法,其訛有十,請備陳之。受沙彌戒,便令具足三J36nB348_p0346a05衣,一訛也。沙彌擅披七條,竟與比丘無別,二訛也。前J36nB348_p0346a06人無知妄作,輒令優婆塞得披三衣,後人矯枉過正,J36nB348_p0346a07并禁優婆塞不畜縵衣,三訛也。一切衣制,皆以豎三J36nB348_p0346a08肘、橫五肘為度,縱稍稍增減,咸須隨身隨臂。今豎三J36nB348_p0346a09橫六,謬云摺時取方,四訛也。田衣但取形似畦畔,今J36nB348_p0346a10謬云須通水路,五訛也。五條、七條等,不過割截,使異J36nB348_p0346a11俗服,今謬云表於須彌、日、月、四天王等,六訛也。僧伽J36nB348_p0346a12梨,本翻大衣,今謬稱祖衣,七訛也。三衣之制,千佛所J36nB348_p0346a13同,故即名千佛衣,《正訛集》中已辯,今尚有繡佛在衣J36nB348_p0346a14者,八訛也。一切出家所用衣服、臥具,以壞色故,總名J36nB348_p0346a15袈裟,今返以五彩為之,九訛也。佛與大迦葉以衣貿J36nB348_p0346a16衣,所以彰其頭陀勝德,令持衣遠待彌勒,所以助成J36nB348_p0346a17龍華佛事。達磨傳衣二祖,所以表信,令人不疑。今有J36nB348_p0346a18不受戒律,但付衣者,進無正法眼藏、心印可傳,退無J36nB348_p0346a19比丘、沙彌名位可守,不惟僅成世諦流布,亦且大亂J36nB348_p0346a20聖賢幢相,十訛也。嗚呼!僅一戒衣,其訛若此,奈何正J36nB348_p0346a21法不淪替邪?有志之士,請頭頭法法咸遵佛制,期於J36nB348_p0346a22自利利他,勿謂此是著相,躲身於無相坑中也。
法派稱呼辯
J36nB348_p0346a24客問蕅益子曰:出家法派,族姓宗譜也。子為不然,何J36nB348_p0346a25邪?荅曰:世閒至親,莫如滴血;出世至親,莫如法道。法J36nB348_p0346a26道本離名相,豈以名字為派哉?佛雖曰:「四河入海,皆J36nB348_p0346a27失本名,四姓出家,同稱釋子。」此但一其姓耳,豈必更J36nB348_p0346a28一其名?是故憍陳如,大迦葉,目犍連等,皆俗氏也,阿J36nB348_p0346a29難陀,莎伽陀,阿那律等,皆俗名也。出家證果,當時咸J36nB348_p0346a30以此稱之,後世亦以此傳之。然則別命法名,已非律J36nB348_p0346b01制矣,況法派乎。其在東土,五祖下出二人,南曰惠能,J36nB348_p0346b02北曰神秀,馬祖下出三人,西堂曰智藏,百丈曰懷海,J36nB348_p0346b03南泉曰普願。且南嶽既名懷讓,百丈為其嫡孫,未嘗J36nB348_p0346b04避之,宗門果有派乎?北齊師也,南嶽徒也,師名慧文,J36nB348_p0346b05徒名慧思?慈雲、四明,同師寶雲,一名遵式,一名知禮,J36nB348_p0346b06天台果有派乎?又宗門有大本小本,天台有大威小J36nB348_p0346b07威,法名果足論乎?降而近世,雖法派之說已行,高尚J36nB348_p0346b08者猶然弗屑。如密藏名道開,介山名傳如,對峰名真J36nB348_p0346b09弘,澹居名法鎧,寒灰名如奇,皆不失為紫柏弟子,善J36nB348_p0346b10知識果有派乎?巢松名慧浸,一雨名通潤,蘊璞名如J36nB348_p0346b11愚,皆不失為雪浪弟子,法師果有派乎?惟其道無足J36nB348_p0346b12傳,法無足授,不知戒律之當尊,不知紹繼之正務,為J36nB348_p0346b13師者但貪眷屬,為徒者專附勢利,遂以虛名互相羈J36nB348_p0346b14繫,師資實義埽地矣,豈不痛哉!客曰:法派之非,既聞J36nB348_p0346b15命矣,法門兄弟,緇素無閒邪?荅曰:同門列為兄弟,豈J36nB348_p0346b16惟不知出世法,亦不知世法者也。且如公卿也,百寮J36nB348_p0346b17也,胥吏也,萬民也,皆天子臣庶也。然百寮不得呼公J36nB348_p0346b18卿為兄弟,乃至萬民不得呼吏胥為兄弟,何也?分異J36nB348_p0346b19故也。佛法亦爾,比丘之法,多已十夏者,為與和尚等,J36nB348_p0346b20多已五夏者,為阿闍黎等。比丘尼之奉八敬法也,雖J36nB348_p0346b21百夏,禮初學比丘足。夫比丘尼已入僧寶數,特以比J36nB348_p0346b22丘為上眾,尼為下眾,其禮數懸絕如此,況式叉摩那J36nB348_p0346b23但學法,未預眾僧法事者乎?又況沙彌,沙彌尼,但同J36nB348_p0346b24僧利養,未入僧數者乎?欲稱比丘為兄弟,何異有司J36nB348_p0346b25稱宰輔為兄弟也?又況優婆塞等,并無僧相,不得同J36nB348_p0346b26僧利養者乎?欲稱沙彌為兄弟,何異民庶稱有司為J36nB348_p0346b27兄弟也?且佛之初出世也,提謂長者,先受五戒,稱佛J36nB348_p0346b28為師矣。五比丘後方師佛,提謂非兄,五比丘非弟乎?J36nB348_p0346b29乃佛之授與三歸也,則曰:「歸依未來僧。」是不惟不敢J36nB348_p0346b30以五比丘為弟,并不敢以五比丘為兄,以其歸依僧,J36nB348_p0346c01則一切僧皆我師也,乃至最後須跋陀羅,亦我師也。J36nB348_p0346c02今世俗士,擇一名德比丘禮事之,竊竊然矜曰:「吾某J36nB348_p0346c03知識,某法師門人也。」彼知識法師者,亦竊竊然矜曰:J36nB348_p0346c04「彼某居士,某宰官,歸依於我者也。」噫!果若此,則應曰,J36nB348_p0346c05歸依佛,歸依法,結交一大德可也,可云歸依僧也與J36nB348_p0346c06哉?須達多之初聞佛名,夜趨見佛也,甫聞說法,即證J36nB348_p0346c07三果,已入勝義僧寶數矣。既而造精舍於祇桓,供佛J36nB348_p0346c08及僧。凡新出家未知佛法者,須達多日為教授,必禮J36nB348_p0346c09出家人足已,然後說法,寧惟不敢以教授師自居,不J36nB348_p0346c10敢以兄自居,并不敢以弟自居,而兄視新出家人也。J36nB348_p0346c11羅睺羅之出家也,以舍利弗為和尚,均提之出家也,J36nB348_p0346c12亦以舍利弗為和尚,羅睺為比丘,均提尚為沙彌,不J36nB348_p0346c13聞其稱羅睺為兄也。則住持二寶之體最嚴,亦猶朝J36nB348_p0346c14廷之禮故也。朝廷無禮法,上下不辨,而天下亂;佛法J36nB348_p0346c15無律儀,七眾不辨,而化道絕。可弗辯乎?
議
J36nB348_p0346c17儒釋宗傳竊議有序
J36nB348_p0346c18大道之在人心,古今唯此一理,非佛祖聖賢所得J36nB348_p0346c19私也。統乎至異,匯乎至同,非儒、釋、老所能局也。剋J36nB348_p0346c20實論之,道非世閒,非出世閒,而以道入真,則名出J36nB348_p0346c21世;以道入俗,則名世閒。真與俗,皆跡也,跡不離道,J36nB348_p0346c22而執跡以言道,則道隱。故曰:「形而上者謂之道,形J36nB348_p0346c23而下者謂之器。」又曰:「君子上達,小人下達。」嗚呼!今J36nB348_p0346c24之求道於跡者,烏能下學而上達,直明心性,迥超J36nB348_p0346c25異同窠臼也?夫嘗試言之。道無一,安得執一以為J36nB348_p0346c26道?道無三,安得分三教以求道?特以真俗之跡,姑J36nB348_p0346c27妄擬焉,則儒與老,皆乘真以御俗,令俗不逆真者J36nB348_p0346c28也;釋乃即俗以明真,真不混俗者也。故儒與老主J36nB348_p0346c29治世,而密為出世階;釋主出世,而明為世閒祐。至J36nB348_p0346c30於內丹、外丹,本非老氏宗旨,不足辯。然則,言儒,而J36nB348_p0347a01老與孔皆在其中矣;言釋,而禪與教皆在其中矣。J36nB348_p0347a02故但云儒釋宗傳竊議。
J36nB348_p0347a03儒之於道學也久矣,上古無文字,無可徵,可徵始於J36nB348_p0347a04堯、舜。堯允執厥中,舜危微精一,皆心外無法,故天地J36nB348_p0347a05賴以位,萬物賴以育,貫徹古今萬世,不能踰其道也。J36nB348_p0347a06嗣禹,皋陶之見知,湯之聞知,不過還知此心此理而J36nB348_p0347a07已。知之則近見亦可,遠聞亦可,不以遠近為親疏也。J36nB348_p0347a08乃韓愈云:「堯以是傳之舜,舜以是傳之禹。」嗟嗟!是何J36nB348_p0347a09物也,可互相傳乎?譬諸射樹,的而專注之,先有巧力J36nB348_p0347a10者先中,後有巧力者後中,或在同時,或在異世,貴各J36nB348_p0347a11中的而已矣。的非可傳也,巧非可傳也,力非可傳也,J36nB348_p0347a12謂之曰見知聞知則可,謂以是相傳可乎哉?
見知J36nB348_p0347a13不唯禹、皋也,凡稷,契,伯益等皆見而知之者也。聞知J36nB348_p0347a14不唯湯也,伊尹耕於有莘之野,樂堯、舜之道,則於湯J36nB348_p0347a15為見知,於堯、舜、禹等亦為聞而知之者也。
文王既J36nB348_p0347a16沒,武周又逝,柱下史聞而知之。孔子問禮,歎為猶龍,J36nB348_p0347a17則於老聃又為見而知之,門人推崇厥師,不復齒及J36nB348_p0347a18老氏,孟子亦蹈其舊轍耳。
顏於孔,誠見知也,但繼J36nB348_p0347a19孔學,又先孔亡,不同太公之於文王,伊尹之於湯,禹J36nB348_p0347a20之於舜也,故孟子不言之。
顏淵死,子哭之慟,再歎J36nB348_p0347a21今也則亡。故古人云:「顏子沒,而聖學亡。」非虛語也。孟J36nB348_p0347a22子曰:「然而無有乎爾,則亦無有乎爾。」蓋亦不敢虛妄J36nB348_p0347a23承當者歟?
老氏之學,蓋公等得其少分以治漢,漢J36nB348_p0347a24則大治。孔、孟之學,漢代絕響。
北宋周濂溪《定性書》J36nB348_p0347a25云「性者,剛柔善惡中而已矣。」《太極圖說》云「太極本無J36nB348_p0347a26極也。」細玩二語,真得孔顏心法者也。後儒紛紛解釋,J36nB348_p0347a27罕有知其語脈者。且云,《定性書》可以不作。噫,可哀矣!J36nB348_p0347a28即及門之士,明道似曾子、子思,伊川似子夏而已。
J36nB348_p0347a29南宋陸象山,先立乎其大者,乃得孟氏心法者乎?然J36nB348_p0347a30不信太極無極,展轉撥之,紫陽又展轉救之。吾觀撥J36nB348_p0347b01者救者,皆非實知周子也。
王陽明龍場大悟,提致J36nB348_p0347b02良知三字,為作聖真訣,雖曰顏子復生,不亦可乎?
J36nB348_p0347b03釋之於道學也,十方三世,無不徹也,此界此時,則始J36nB348_p0347b04於釋迦,繼於迦葉、難陀等也。其在震旦,則遠公造《法J36nB348_p0347b05性論》,羅什歎其未見佛經,能知佛理。北齊慧文大師,J36nB348_p0347b06讀龍樹《中論》,悟圓頓心宗,二並可稱聞而知之。菩提J36nB348_p0347b07達磨大師,受記東化,可稱見而知之。
遠公後,凡修J36nB348_p0347b08淨業得往生者,皆見知聞知之流類也。有人僅立蓮J36nB348_p0347b09宗七祖,但約行化最專者耳。然四明尊者、慈雲懺主J36nB348_p0347b10等,何嘗不以淨土行化。而智者大師《十疑論》,飛錫法J36nB348_p0347b11師《寶王論》,天如禪師《淨土或問》,楚石禪師《懷淨土詩》,J36nB348_p0347b12妙協法師《念佛直指》,尤於淨土法門有功。至若近世,J36nB348_p0347b13則幽溪師《生無生論》,袁中郎《西方合論》,皆遠公之的J36nB348_p0347b14裔也。
達磨傳至六祖,乃有南嶽、青原二甘露門,門J36nB348_p0347b15似二,道無二也,二則毒藥,非甘露也。又數傳而為五J36nB348_p0347b16宗,人有五,宗非五也,五則枝條,非宗本也。譬如阿耨J36nB348_p0347b17達池,一水流為四河,歸於大海,河有四,水無四也。今J36nB348_p0347b18不知池之一,不知水之一,不知海之一,獨從四河闊J36nB348_p0347b19狹、曲直、遠近起見,互相是非,可謂智乎?
繼北齊者,J36nB348_p0347b20有南嶽思大師,出《大乘止觀法門》四卷,真圓頓心要J36nB348_p0347b21也。次有天台顗大師,出三種《止觀》,《法華玄義》、《文句》,及J36nB348_p0347b22《維摩》、《仁王》、《金光明》、《普門品》、《十六觀》等疏,於是教觀大J36nB348_p0347b23備。歷五傳至荊溪,其道中興。又八傳至四明,道乃重J36nB348_p0347b24振。此後裂為三家,漸式微矣。
唐玄奘法師,遍遊天J36nB348_p0347b25竺,學唯識宗於戒賢法師,盡其所知,旁搜其所未知,J36nB348_p0347b26廣大精微,真彌勒、天親之子,釋迦文佛之遠孫也。慈J36nB348_p0347b27恩基師,雖實繼之,然觀所撰《法華玄贊》,則靈山法道J36nB348_p0347b28恐未全知,無怪乎《唯識》一書,本是破二執神劍,反流J36nB348_p0347b29為名相之學,亦可悲矣。
賢首法藏國師,得武后為J36nB348_p0347b30其門徒,聲名藉甚,疏晉譯《華嚴經》,經既未備,疏亦草J36nB348_p0347c01略,故不復傳。所傳《起信論疏》,淺陋支離,甚失馬鳴大J36nB348_p0347c02師宗旨,殊不足觀。方山李長者,有《新華嚴經論》,頗得J36nB348_p0347c03大綱。清涼觀國師,復出疏鈔,綱目並舉,可謂登雜華J36nB348_p0347c04之堂矣。後世緇素,往往獨喜方山,大抵是心粗氣浮J36nB348_p0347c05故耳。不知清涼,雖遙嗣賢首,實青出於藍也。圭峰則J36nB348_p0347c06是荷澤知見宗徒,支離矛盾,安能光顯清涼之道?
J36nB348_p0347c07禪宗自楚石琦大師後,未聞其人也,庶幾紫柏老人J36nB348_p0347c08乎。壽昌無明師,亦不愧古人風格。
台宗絕響已久,J36nB348_p0347c09百松覺公稱為鳴陽孤鳳,僅出《三千有門頌略解》,及J36nB348_p0347c10《楞嚴百問》耳。幽溪繼之,一時稱盛,然《唯生無生論》,足J36nB348_p0347c11稱完璧,而自所最得意《圓通疏》,殊為不滿人意,何哉?J36nB348_p0347c12但能趺坐書空,作妙法蓮華經字,脫然西逝,則誠蓮J36nB348_p0347c13華國裏人矣。
雲棲宏大師,極力主張淨土,讚戒、讚J36nB348_p0347c14教、讚禪,痛斥口頭三昧,真救世菩薩也。憨山清大師,J36nB348_p0347c15擴復曹溪祖庭,晚年掩關念佛,晝夜課六萬聲,故坐J36nB348_p0347c16逝後,二十餘年,開龕視之,全身不散,遂與六祖同留J36nB348_p0347c17肉身,人天瞻仰,得非蓮宗列祖乎?
或曰:佛祖之道,J36nB348_p0347c18必師資授受,方有的據,否則法嗣未詳,終難取信。無J36nB348_p0347c19名子應之曰:譬諸世主,桀非傳自大禹,紂非傳自成J36nB348_p0347c20湯者乎?身苟無道,天子而不若匹夫矣。今之雖有師J36nB348_p0347c21承,顛覆如來教戒者,何以異此?漢之高祖,明之太祖,J36nB348_p0347c22並起草莽,誰授以帝位乎?苟得其道,匹夫而竟開大J36nB348_p0347c23統矣。今之雖乏師承,能自契合佛祖心印者,亦奚不J36nB348_p0347c24然?必如子論,是但許有見而知之,不許有聞而知之J36nB348_p0347c25者矣,可乎哉?且子又不聞,有師資具足,皆不足齒及J36nB348_p0347c26者乎?譬如俳優及相搏者,豈無師資授受,然不過戲J36nB348_p0347c27劇及鬥諍法耳。吾故曰:執跡以言道,則道隱,譬諸射J36nB348_p0347c28者,期各中的焉耳。十方三世,唯此一的,常住不變,何J36nB348_p0347c29俟於傳?巧之與力,存乎其人,父不能得之子,子不能J36nB348_p0347c30得之父,有何所傳?或見而知之,或聞而知之,及其知J36nB348_p0348a01之一也,正知其不可傳者也。謂有可傳,則不至於戲J36nB348_p0348a02劇鬥諍不止,非佛祖聖賢之道也已。
記
J36nB348_p0348a04介石居記
J36nB348_p0348a05自寂光之性,翳於五住塵勞,一切含識,鮮有恆居,雖J36nB348_p0348a06四禪、四空,及方便土,亦屬旅泊。然以正法眼觀,則世J36nB348_p0348a07閒相即常住相,妙在不為物轉,便能轉物。故《楞嚴》云J36nB348_p0348a08「見與見緣,并所想相,如虛空華,本無所有,元是菩提J36nB348_p0348a09妙淨明體。」蓋惟達無所有,方契菩提。儻逐境生情,流J36nB348_p0348a10轉從茲相續矣。予讀豫之六二曰:「介于石,不終日。」未J36nB348_p0348a11嘗不掩卷太息也。夫六道豫有,二乘豫空,藏通菩薩J36nB348_p0348a12豫於度幻,別教大士豫於但中,皆未了法界隨無明J36nB348_p0348a13流,豈若圓頓初心,悟因緣即空假中,法本無住,物亦J36nB348_p0348a14不遷,是則幾之微也,不容一瞬,況終日乎?無生剎那,J36nB348_p0348a15名之為介,常自寂滅,喻之以石,融剎土於毫端,會古J36nB348_p0348a16今於當念,以三無差別,而獲二殊勝,不諂不瀆,義極J36nB348_p0348a17於此,誰謂宣尼心學僅在六合內,而牟尼法要不在J36nB348_p0348a18日用閒哉?權可居士,額其居曰介石,因記之。
遊鴛湖寶壽堂記
J36nB348_p0348a20甲申中秋前四日,廣若姚居士,邀予遊於別室。室在J36nB348_p0348a21鴛湖濱,去五龍橋數武,其地幽勝,紅蓼夾徑,無階砌J36nB348_p0348a22排耦之繁,荷葉滿池,蓮香尚馥,池北屋宇,皆朴素古J36nB348_p0348a23簡,循廊而東,則寶壽堂在焉。廣若語予曰:「此堂昔本J36nB348_p0348a24僧居,先君時淪為俗舍,後因重事覆苫,於梁閒得《金J36nB348_p0348a25剛經》一卷,工人異之,持以告予。予先夜曾得夢,夢至J36nB348_p0348a26一破廳,有僧募予三百金,予未許,僧云:『當以事證。』遂J36nB348_p0348a27指其地,忽有塔從地湧出,告予云:『汝本欠此塔,緣三J36nB348_p0348a28百金,須填還也。』次日,忽聞梁中得經,遂往視之,躡梯J36nB348_p0348a29而上,覿面真如塔隨身湧現,宛同夢中所見,故今復J36nB348_p0348a30為僧舍,以奉吾母,并淨侶數十人,咸此熏修焉。」予嘗J36nB348_p0348b01謂夢之一法,至幻而至靈,一夕中普能現三世事,試J36nB348_p0348b02觀《法華.安樂行品》,始初心、終妙覺,總不出如夢三昧,J36nB348_p0348b03故知三界諸法,誠無非夢也,成佛之夢,豈真夢幻也J36nB348_p0348b04哉?廣若居士,信夢醒無二,便能踐夢中諾,而捨園為J36nB348_p0348b05菴,且成出世大孝。今日遊此堂、聞此語者,皆印入於J36nB348_p0348b06廣若之一夢,而予復夢為之記如此。
端氏往生記
J36nB348_p0348b08乙酉冬,全城章絜之,以二先人行實乞言,予拈念佛J36nB348_p0348b09三昧印之。今居士追憶二先人之信佛,實由乃室端J36nB348_p0348b10氏,更乞一言表彰,兼欲決其所疑。蕅益道人,生平不J36nB348_p0348b11浪為人作傳,獨往生傳則不待請,然必見聞彰灼乃J36nB348_p0348b12作。予與絜之交未久,此山去全成遠,予又未履其處,J36nB348_p0348b13似未可附見聞彰灼之科。但絜之篤信謙謹,非肯誑J36nB348_p0348b14語者,且於大法有疑,可不為決,請即其言而導其意。J36nB348_p0348b15其言曰:「亡室端氏,年十七,適某家,即與某同志。茹素J36nB348_p0348b16好惠施,無私積,不喜珍飾綺服,不恚罵給侍人。孝事J36nB348_p0348b17翁姑恐不逮,知不生育,遂買妾事某,專心持珠念佛,J36nB348_p0348b18一載有餘,病篤,請姑同聲念佛,欲辭去,姑高喚令住,J36nB348_p0348b19俟胞弟端尚卿相會,乃延至次日,與弟訣別,聲如男J36nB348_p0348b20子,劇談禮義孝友大節,半日不倦。至暮,復請姑助念J36nB348_p0348b21佛,三日不沾飲食,不發餘言,以崇禎癸未八月二十J36nB348_p0348b22九日,吉祥而逝。某父因此感發,越七日坐逝,次年秋,J36nB348_p0348b23某母復秉歸戒而終。適聞《觀經疏鈔》,謂臨終十念成J36nB348_p0348b24就,亦得往生,未審亡室,獲往生邪?」蕅益道人聞而嘆J36nB348_p0348b25曰:「甚矣!心力不可思議,佛力不可思議,夙世善根信J36nB348_p0348b26根不可思議也。鸚鵡鴝鵒,猶得往生,謂念佛人不得J36nB348_p0348b27往生,可乎?吾輩生於末世,既無天眼,又無宿命智通,J36nB348_p0348b28佛語不信,更信何語?苟於佛語諦信無疑,則娑婆何J36nB348_p0348b29啻旅邸,淨土何啻家鄉。獨怪夫聰明伶俐納子,曾女J36nB348_p0348b30流之弗若,深可悲耳。予少年猛志參究,視佛祖果位J36nB348_p0348c01猶掇之,冀欲以此報父母不報之恩。中歲多障多病,J36nB348_p0348c02今乃一意西馳,而散心弘法,計功定位,僅堪下品下J36nB348_p0348c03生。每一念及法界父母,不禁血淚交流,反不如端氏J36nB348_p0348c04女,先享蓮宮之樂,且拔其舅姑同出苦輪,成出世大J36nB348_p0348c05孝。居士但求之己,若不疑己心即是佛心,即更不疑J36nB348_p0348c06佛語。若於佛語不疑,即於善女之生淨土,亦不疑矣。」J36nB348_p0348c07嗟乎,此事絜之家事,此語絜之親語,而得生不得生J36nB348_p0348c08之疑,尚徵於予乃信。後之讀斯記者,可不速諦信自J36nB348_p0348c09心,如端氏女之操往生左券於不忒哉。
祖堂幽棲禪寺大悲壇記并銘
J36nB348_p0348c11如來顯密二教,並具四種悉檀,而密教尤重壇儀。蓋J36nB348_p0348c12全理成事,全事攝理,直以事境為諦觀,本非僅托事J36nB348_p0348c13表法而已。觀世音菩薩,慈遍剎海,於娑婆世界,更有J36nB348_p0348c14大因緣,其所說咒,藏中最多,唯大悲心咒,流通獨盛。J36nB348_p0348c15有宋四明尊者法智大師,佛子羅睺再來,專修密行,J36nB348_p0348c16依天台教觀,創立大悲三昧行法,十科行道,十乘觀J36nB348_p0348c17心,並是佛祖祕要,萬法總持,豈徒以音聲色相為觀J36nB348_p0348c18美哉。近世武林,流通特廣,謬亂多端,予不得已,特為J36nB348_p0348c19之辯訛矣。祖堂湛持如公,為遠痕禪師高足,雪浪大J36nB348_p0348c20師法孫,曩在真寂,躬修此行,凡歷四期。次住匡山豆J36nB348_p0348c21葉坪,奉為日課。後因師兄如幻行公,偕護法二白蔡J36nB348_p0348c22居士,登山邀請,主幽棲事,遂發願云:「設欲某服役禪J36nB348_p0348c23堂,必建大悲懺壇,以踐聞熏聞修實益。」於是拮据七J36nB348_p0348c24年,始獲就緒。壇在藏經閣右,佛像南向,大悲像東向,J36nB348_p0348c25壇右為觀堂,及齋堂、浴室、侍者寮等。大功既竣,請予J36nB348_p0348c26為記,令後裔有聞。予惟湛公久參耆宿,不主先入之J36nB348_p0348c27言,毅然聽予改正積訛,真大豪傑。而公且囑予曰:「某J36nB348_p0348c28生平精力,竭在茲壇,恐後裔無知浸假,又訛而為逸J36nB348_p0348c29老堂也,亦必藉一言預為之正。」予懼,爰秉筆勒詞曰:J36nB348_p0348c30大悲三昧,含靈本具,曠劫迷之,輪迴諸趣。菩薩弘慈,J36nB348_p0349a01方便巧度,文字性空,演妙章句。如法誦持,靡不感赴,J36nB348_p0349a02四明行儀,萬古流布。久而失真,吾為此懼,辨訛初宣,J36nB348_p0349a03群小爭怒。勇矣湛公,不迷岐路,築此淨壇,龍天呵護。J36nB348_p0349a04維此壇室,千秋一日,齋法肅恭,食時勿失。禪侶熏修,J36nB348_p0349a05勿令老逸,冬夏安居,春秋努力。行願相資,同歸淨域,J36nB348_p0349a06虛空可盡,弘誓不息。若有違者,法門敗德,持咒神王,J36nB348_p0349a07必相排殛。仰乞威靈,證茲真實,百億其年,永垂芳式。
祖堂幽棲禪寺藏經閣記
J36nB348_p0349a09依文解義,三世佛冤,離經一字,即同魔說。宗教不容J36nB348_p0349a10兩分,彰矣。摩訶迦葉,西土初祖也,佛示寂,不供養舍J36nB348_p0349a11利,惟事結集法藏。菩提達磨,東土初祖也,力埽依文J36nB348_p0349a12解義之習,仍以《楞伽》印心。豈似後世僭竊位號,爭去J36nB348_p0349a13王室典籍,恣其吞併暴虐哉。祖堂幽棲寺,本融祖習J36nB348_p0349a14坐觀心地,後得四祖點悟,遂傳大法,其道遠播雙徑,J36nB348_p0349a15芙蓉峰下,寥寥久矣。正德年閒,有臨濟子孫,號海天J36nB348_p0349a16者,來居此地,嗣有雪浪大師,乃慈恩再來,於時受法J36nB348_p0349a17者,為瑞麟諸公。而紫柏大師,亦曾杖笠相訪,蓋自有J36nB348_p0349a18唐以來,未有盛於斯際者也。雪師寂,高足遠痕法主,J36nB348_p0349a19繼守叢席。遠公逝,高足如幻法主,又繼守之,以授乃J36nB348_p0349a20弟湛持如公。湛公久參真寂聞谷老人,隱居匡嶽,既J36nB348_p0349a21應請,遂放下身心,專營佛事,七八年來,未有閒。今諸J36nB348_p0349a22願已畢,惟藏閣功僅將半,適予應請弘演《法華》,湛公J36nB348_p0349a23謂宜一言以紀其事。予於大悲懺壇,先有記銘,今藏J36nB348_p0349a24閣雖未告成,實予心所最急者。蓋佛祖慧命,全賴三J36nB348_p0349a25藏始傳,緬惟宋朝藏板,有十餘部,今僅存南北二藏,J36nB348_p0349a26頗糢糊。嘉興書本藏經,猶未全足,真九鼎一絲之懼。J36nB348_p0349a27且鼠即鳥空輩,視經典如怨家,儻不力為護持,將有J36nB348_p0349a28不忍言者。湛公之急急以此為務,其如來所使,行如J36nB348_p0349a29來事者邪。請即以此語,告我同仁,必當共發勝心,請J36nB348_p0349a30即留此語,勒之堅石,必當俟百世不惑也。
明慶寺重建殿閣碑記
J36nB348_p0349b02像教之設,肇自佛世,來自漢時,大盛於南北六朝,歷J36nB348_p0349b03唐宋來,未嘗稍替。故琳宮梵剎,星布九州,凡名山勝J36nB348_p0349b04地,無不有住持三寶為世福田者,由覺法和合之義,J36nB348_p0349b05民之秉彝,非可泯也。然住持三寶,本從一體三寶建J36nB348_p0349b06立,而一體三寶,必藉住持三寶顯明。明則成己成物,J36nB348_p0349b07自慶慶他,所以暫廢還興,無非全性起修之妙應耳。J36nB348_p0349b08松陵西南隅七十餘里,有麻溪焉。溪南為明慶寺,宛J36nB348_p0349b09在水中,形如菡萏,背縹渺,面曠野,左右兩漾,群流合J36nB348_p0349b10襟。開山者,為晚唐智詵禪師。宋乾符閒,有祕謐師,建J36nB348_p0349b11益友堂,其言曰:「凡三藏之士,斂跡於斯,皆我益友也。」J36nB348_p0349b12則尊賢取善之風可想矣。宣德年,納子廣善,擴其址,J36nB348_p0349b13規模弘敞。萬歷甲戌,殿閣禪堂,一夕灰燼,歷四十餘J36nB348_p0349b14年,僅睹瓦礫。逮戊午年,本寺順蒼郁公,矢志恢復,身J36nB348_p0349b15董其役,不辭勞苦。於是蓮宇、松澗等,竭誠助之,一時J36nB348_p0349b16緇素響應,財施力施,勸讚隨喜。未幾,大殿鼎新,山門J36nB348_p0349b17廊廡,香積僧寮,漸次畢舉。其閒輸粟布金者,未易悉J36nB348_p0349b18數,而仲繼峰居士為最。書本大藏,則寓中念公獨成J36nB348_p0349b19之。自是安居者,有尊像瞻禮,有法寶展玩;雲水者,夜J36nB348_p0349b20可息,晝可啜,儼復唐宋舊觀,永甲松陵眾剎矣。竊思J36nB348_p0349b21創業難於勇進,守成利於堅貞,非勇進莫能為先,非J36nB348_p0349b22堅貞無以善後。今之片瓦一椽、莖薪粒米,無非前人J36nB348_p0349b23捍勞忍苦所致,檀信減割身口所成,是宜記厥始末,J36nB348_p0349b24以告未聞,庶幾善繼善述,久久勿替者也。
靈峰蕅益大師宗論卷第五之三終