金剛般若經疏論纂要刊定記會編 卷5

唐 宗密述疏 宋 子璿錄記 清 行策會編

金剛般若經疏論纂要刊定記會編

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金剛般若經疏論纂要刊定記會編卷第五

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●二重以八義相攝

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又十八住略為八種亦得滿足

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此復以八住處攝前十八住處也

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攝住處波羅蜜淨住處二次配欲住處J31nB269_p0702b10攝三及四

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攝是籠羅包納之義即以普度眾生現無違反J31nB269_p0702b12故配同第一發心住淨與相應蓋一義耳故配J31nB269_p0702b13同第二住三攝三四者雖三色四法皆是欲得J31nB269_p0702b14故配同三四二住也

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離障礙住處即前十二障也從五至十六J31nB269_p0702b16心住處究竟住處上二次配十七十八

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四中如文可知五正當淨心地六正當究竟位J31nB269_p0702b18故同此二住也六中雖通修道就多故說

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廣大住處甚深住處上二各攝十八住處J31nB269_p0702b20一住中皆深皆廣

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一一下明各攝義如第一住中普度四生廣也J31nB269_p0702b22令入無餘涅槃深也實無眾生得滅度者廣也J31nB269_p0702b23菩薩無我人等相者深也初住既爾餘則例知J31nB269_p0702b24若五百生忍廣也並無我人深也若細言之J31nB269_p0702b25以六住攝十八住此以二住攝十八住皆得滿J31nB269_p0702b26足也

●三更約地位配釋

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十八住文配地位者

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然諸教中所說地位或有或無楞伽經J31nB269_p0702b29地即為初二地即為八乃至無所有何地此明J31nB269_p0702b30無也。《仁王》、《纓絡等經即具說地位是明有也J31nB269_p0702c01此有無皆隨機說也華嚴行布萬差圓融一J31nB269_p0702c02有無無閡斯則稱性之說也然依華嚴》,有無J31nB269_p0702c03無閡方為了義以約法即無約人即有人法既J31nB269_p0702c04不相離有無故合均齊然其行人念念須冥佛J31nB269_p0702c05反窮果海自然階降不同若預等級用心J31nB269_p0702c06竟障於證入華嚴疏修則頓修位分因果。」J31nB269_p0702c07況此經宗無相豈合列位淺深但約情惑漸薄J31nB269_p0702c08而地位轉高義相稍同故略配攝也

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第一十住

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十住者發心住持地修行生貴J31nB269_p0702c11便具足正心不退童真法王子J31nB269_p0702c12今以第一住配十住者與彼初住名同故配J31nB269_p0702c13之也比但云一如何配十以初攝後故J31nB269_p0702c14何故不言十信位耶亦攝入十住位中也J31nB269_p0702c15前之十住通名信行地故亦同華嚴合前開後J31nB269_p0702c16故發心一住前攝十信後攝餘九耳

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第二十行中前六第七行後三行

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十行者歡喜行饒益無瞋恨無盡J31nB269_p0702c19離癡亂善現無著尊重善法真實J31nB269_p0702c20前六者十中前六行也以配此中第二住處J31nB269_p0702c21此住處說六度故即布施配歡喜行持戒配饒J31nB269_p0702c22益行忍辱配無瞋恨行精進配無盡行禪定配J31nB269_p0702c23離癡亂行智慧配善現行心離分別善巧示現J31nB269_p0702c24第七行者不以相見如來即無著也J31nB269_p0702c25三行者配第四住中三種法身謂言說法身配J31nB269_p0702c26尊重行於佛言教生尊重故智相法身配善法J31nB269_p0702c27以真如無為是真善法故福相法身配真實J31nB269_p0702c28以持經之福無漏真實故

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五至十四如次配十迴向

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十迴向者救護一切眾生離眾生相迴向J31nB269_p0703a01不壞等一切佛至一切處無盡功德藏J31nB269_p0703a02隨順堅固善根等心隨順一切眾生J31nB269_p0703a03如相無縛無著解脫法界無量五配第一J31nB269_p0703a04離慢即是離眾生相也六配第二遇佛多聞信J31nB269_p0703a05解行等不壞七配第三諸佛離相既不住色即J31nB269_p0703a06等佛也八配第四既見大身非身是真如際J31nB269_p0703a07至一切處九配第五不隨外論受持此經即得J31nB269_p0703a08無盡功德十配第六觀破五蘊與定相應善根J31nB269_p0703a09堅固十一配第七既不取相即於眾生等隨順J31nB269_p0703a10十二配第八經云離一切相即名諸佛」,即真J31nB269_p0703a11如相也十三配第九割截不瞋即無縛無著也J31nB269_p0703a12十四配第十經云無有邊不可思議功德」,即是J31nB269_p0703a13法界功德也

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十五煖十六忍世第一

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此配四加行位也然此四位由三賢菩薩已經J31nB269_p0703a16一無數劫修習福智資糧為入見道故復加行J31nB269_p0703a17頂二位以四尋伺觀觀所取名等四法假有J31nB269_p0703a18實無即所取空世第一以四如實智通觀能J31nB269_p0703a19所名等皆空然忍有三品謂下下品印所J31nB269_p0703a20取空中品順能取空上品印能取空世第一J31nB269_p0703a21空俱印然皆滯相未能證實唯識現前立J31nB269_p0703a22少物謂是唯識性以有所得故非實住唯識。」J31nB269_p0703a23配經文即十五住經云實無有法發阿耨菩提J31nB269_p0703a24以菩提能發所取既言實無即所取空當J31nB269_p0703a25頂二位十六住中經云佛於然燈佛所不得J31nB269_p0703a26菩提」,是印所取空當下品忍次云如來者即諸J31nB269_p0703a27法如義」,即順能取空然猶未說後時不得即知J31nB269_p0703a28未能印持故當中品忍次云實無有法佛得阿J31nB269_p0703a29耨菩提」,此明後時畢竟不得即印能取空當上J31nB269_p0703a30品忍次云如來所得法此法無實無虛乃至即J31nB269_p0703b01非一切法」,即雙印二空當世第一位也

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十七初地十八從二地乃至佛地

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十七初地者如前疏云攝種性智證遍行真如J31nB269_p0703b04故當初地十八等者於中合有二此住中J31nB269_p0703b05初國土淨具足當修道位故前疏云此教二地J31nB269_p0703b06已上諸大菩薩」。從無上見智淨具足已下皆究J31nB269_p0703b07竟位故前疏云此下皆唯佛果是則十八住J31nB269_p0703b08前十四資糧十五十六加行十七見道十八J31nB269_p0703b09初一具足修道餘即無學道也懸判竟

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●二依天親科釋牒章分文

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○第二依天親問答斷疑以科釋總分四段

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●二依章正釋如疏列

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○初善現申請整儀讚佛

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長老須菩提在大眾中即從座起偏袒右肩右膝J31nB269_p0703b15著地合掌恭敬而白佛言希有世尊如來善護念諸J31nB269_p0703b16菩薩善付囑諸菩薩

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從初至恭敬即是整儀餘皆讚佛也時者即如J31nB269_p0703b18來食已敷座而坐之時

●疏二釋請人

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長老者德長年老唐譯云具壽壽即是命魏譯云J31nB269_p0703b20慧命以慧為命須菩提有三義譯謂善吉善現J31nB269_p0703b21生時室空解空之善瑞現矣相師占云:「唯善唯J31nB269_p0703b22。」

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德長年老者謂德高曰長年多曰老也唐譯下J31nB269_p0703b24證年老魏譯下證德長智慧超倫即是德長義J31nB269_p0703b25然以慧為命者約喻顯法也謂人身以命為J31nB269_p0703b26佛法以慧為本命盡則六根俱廢慧喪則萬J31nB269_p0703b27行不成云云此約別義釋長老也若通意者J31nB269_p0703b28有德業便名長老如云先生未必年老矣須菩J31nB269_p0703b29提者亦云蘇補底但梵音楚夏耳善吉下從末J31nB269_p0703b30倒標生時下據本順釋。《西域記是東方青龍J31nB269_p0703c01陀佛影響釋迦之會示跡聲聞發揚空理十方J31nB269_p0703c02諸佛法皆爾也。」

●二釋請儀正釋經文

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從座起下皆整理威儀修敬之相希有者世所無J31nB269_p0703c04如來者從如而來論云善護念者依根熟菩薩J31nB269_p0703c05謂與智慧力令成就佛法與教化力令攝受眾J31nB269_p0703c06善付囑者依根未熟菩薩說懼其退失付授智J31nB269_p0703c07。」付者將小付大囑者囑大化小

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皆整儀者疏雖通明經須別釋從座起者師資J31nB269_p0703c09之道尊卑頗殊欲有諮詢不可坐問此同曾子J31nB269_p0703c10避席對夫子也。《孝經夫子問曾子曰:「先王有J31nB269_p0703c11至德要道以順天下民用和穆上下無怨汝知J31nB269_p0703c12之乎?」曾子避席曰:「參不敏何足以知之?」雖彼答J31nB269_p0703c13此問而致敬是同也偏袒右肩是彼方儀則此J31nB269_p0703c14土非儀也欲問如來故須偏袒右膝下右則為J31nB269_p0703c15膝能迴屈表順理心也著地即示卑之相也J31nB269_p0703c16膝表智地表理合掌即表冥心掌合不執外物J31nB269_p0703c17心冥覺不異緣欲問實相法門故須用心如此J31nB269_p0703c18恭敬者總結也起座袒肩跪膝合掌莫非恭敬J31nB269_p0703c19故爾亦可配於三業座起袒肩合掌等身業J31nB269_p0703c20恭敬即意業也白佛言下即口業也希有等J31nB269_p0703c21希有之義疏且總明具有四種時希有J31nB269_p0703c22劫難逢然今賢劫之中正當住劫就住劫中有J31nB269_p0703c23二十增減今即第九減劫中人壽二萬歲時J31nB269_p0703c24葉如來出世百年減一年至人壽百歲時釋迦J31nB269_p0703c25如來出世減後此劫已盡至第十劫展轉卻增J31nB269_p0703c26至八萬四千歲又百年減一年至人壽八萬歲J31nB269_p0703c27彌勒佛出世望過去未來二佛相去一千一J31nB269_p0703c28百萬餘年中間更無故云希有也法華J31nB269_p0703c29佛興出世懸遠值遇難。」處希有三千界中唯J31nB269_p0703c30有一佛百億四天下百億須彌山百億日月J31nB269_p0704a01億六欲百億梵世其中唯有一佛此方而現也J31nB269_p0704a02德希有福慧超絕勝無上故法華我所J31nB269_p0704a03得智慧微妙最第一。」又云如其所得法定慧力J31nB269_p0704a04莊嚴以此度眾生自證無上道。」然佛功德不可J31nB269_p0704a05稱說盡其邊際華嚴剎塵心念可數知J31nB269_p0704a06海中水可飲盡虛空可量風可繫無能說盡佛J31nB269_p0704a07功德。」事希有用大慈悲極巧方便現多種身J31nB269_p0704a08相演無量法門隨眾生根皆利益故今所歎者J31nB269_p0704a09意則雖通義當歎事以下標云善護念等如來J31nB269_p0704a10真化不同真佛名如來者迷時背覺合塵名J31nB269_p0704a11如去悟了背塵合覺名如來如即真如來去即J31nB269_p0704a12隨緣也化佛名如來者從真如起來成正覺而J31nB269_p0704a13化眾生今當後者故云從如而來根熟者三賢J31nB269_p0704a14已上菩薩信根成熟永無退轉也智慧力即無J31nB269_p0704a15分別智成就佛法即隨其分位令證真如乃於J31nB269_p0704a16一法令達百千萬法明門等斯則自利行也J31nB269_p0704a17化力即後得智攝受眾生即隨其分位令於百J31nB269_p0704a18千萬億等世界中教化眾生斯則利他行也J31nB269_p0704a19未熟者十信菩薩也以此位人六度亂修心如J31nB269_p0704a20輕毛故云懼其退失以信根未成遇緣恐退J31nB269_p0704a21須付囑智者令其教化使不退也將小等者J31nB269_p0704a22小菩薩付大菩薩囑大菩薩化小菩薩也此如J31nB269_p0704a23父母遺囑子孫云云

●二別解菩薩

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菩提薩埵此云覺有情三釋約境所求所度J31nB269_p0704a25約心有覺悟之智餘情慮之識約能所所求能J31nB269_p0704a26三皆如次配覺及有情

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菩薩梵音言猶不足具云菩提薩埵此云覺有J31nB269_p0704a28以時人不貴唐言故存梵音秦地好略又削J31nB269_p0704a29提埵二字但云菩薩約境所求是覺所度是有J31nB269_p0704a30然約人有四句謂二乘有求無度諸佛有度J31nB269_p0704b01無求菩薩亦求亦度凡夫無求無度約心者亦J31nB269_p0704b02四句諸佛有覺無情凡夫有情無覺菩薩有情J31nB269_p0704b03有覺二乘入無餘依界無情無覺約能所者J31nB269_p0704b04求是覺能求是有情三皆下皆上句是覺下句J31nB269_p0704b05是有情然此三義之中初約悲智次約真妄J31nB269_p0704b06約人法菩薩之義不踰此三未必寶冠天衣方J31nB269_p0704b07是菩薩

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○二正發問端

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世尊善男子善女人發阿耨多羅三藐三菩提心J31nB269_p0704b10何應住云何降伏其心

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曲分二釋當機。《華嚴忘失菩提心修諸善業J31nB269_p0704b12魔所攝持。」阿耨多羅三藐三菩提此云無上正遍J31nB269_p0704b13正覺謂正智遍智覺知真俗不偏不邪

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當機者以發心者方是當機華嚴下引證此有J31nB269_p0704b15兩意初云有人先曾發心後時忘失尚非其器J31nB269_p0704b16況全不發心者何以故魔所攝持故後意即云J31nB269_p0704b17眾生發心後時忘失者蓋為不解住修降伏耳J31nB269_p0704b18故今所問免使遺忘前揀其機後防其退有茲J31nB269_p0704b19兩意故用彼經所以善財童子每遇善友皆啟J31nB269_p0704b20:「我已先發阿耨多羅三藐三菩提心而未知J31nB269_p0704b21云何學菩薩行修菩薩道?」意明發心方是修行J31nB269_p0704b22之器阿耨下先翻名謂正智下釋義上正字且J31nB269_p0704b23對遍字以分二智下正字即明二智所覺不偏J31nB269_p0704b24不邪即以正智覺真遍智覺俗皆不偏邪故云J31nB269_p0704b25正覺以二乘偏覺凡夫邪覺今揀此二故不偏J31nB269_p0704b26謂如理而知如事而知故也然此二智亦名J31nB269_p0704b27如理如量根本後得真俗權實等又準智度論J31nB269_p0704b28從因至果有五種菩提發心菩提即十信J31nB269_p0704b29伏心菩提即三賢是明心菩提即初地J31nB269_p0704b30至七地是出到菩提十地是無上菩J31nB269_p0704c01即如來地是今約能發心即當第一約所發J31nB269_p0704c02即第五能所合論貫通初後也

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釋正問

●文三釋魏本

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魏譯云應云何住云何修行云何降伏其心?」意云J31nB269_p0704c05若人發菩提心已住何境界修何行業妄心若起J31nB269_p0704c06云何降伏故佛令安住四心修六度行於中降心J31nB269_p0704c07不令著相

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先引彼文意云下釋意住何境界者未發心時J31nB269_p0704c09住六塵境既發心已誠宜改轍故云住何境界J31nB269_p0704c10修何下未發心時十惡為務既發心已不可依J31nB269_p0704c11故云修何行業妄心下未發心時妄心起即J31nB269_p0704c12逐妄既發心已不可隨之是故問云云何降伏J31nB269_p0704c13故佛下懸示答意意云昔住六塵之境今住四J31nB269_p0704c14昔行十惡今行六度昔時著相今令不著J31nB269_p0704c15是用心真實修行發菩提心豈忘失耶

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●二會當經

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秦譯略修行者意云住道降心即是修行謂四心J31nB269_p0704c18六度皆名住修降伏

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難起意云下釋初二句標意云雖無修行之J31nB269_p0704c20含有修行之義起信中說六八二識不言J31nB269_p0704c21第七雖即不說義亦具足云云謂四心下指經J31nB269_p0704c22釋成意云四心中亦有住降義六度中亦有J31nB269_p0704c23降義何以故住謂發心必須修進降謂制J31nB269_p0704c24依住修所明由是於此不相捨離秦什所略J31nB269_p0704c25意在於茲文雖不明義已具矣

●三引論證

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故無著云住謂欲願修行謂相應等持降伏謂彼J31nB269_p0704c27心若散制令還住又十八住中一一皆以住J31nB269_p0704c28伏釋之故知義雖有三而行是一

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住謂欲願者欲願意起即是發心也修行等者J31nB269_p0704c30平等持心名為等持等持即相應相應即是修J31nB269_p0705a01行義也降伏等者彼心即上相應心也制令還J31nB269_p0705a02住即卻使相應也此即依住修說降伏義經論J31nB269_p0705a03相契聖旨頗同故如上說理實然矣又十八等J31nB269_p0705a04此是無著論明豎答三問之意也若準天親J31nB269_p0705a05解經則明橫答三問須菩提但應如所教住J31nB269_p0705a06已下即為別斷疑情今明無著故有此說意云J31nB269_p0705a07不唯四心六度之中有住修降伏之義其如十J31nB269_p0705a08八住內皆有此三如初住中度四生入涅槃是J31nB269_p0705a09住義無生可度是修義無我等相是降伏義J31nB269_p0705a10住既爾餘則皆然故知下結義三行一者三義J31nB269_p0705a11具足方成一行謂空發心降伏不修行亦非行J31nB269_p0705a12但發心修行不降伏亦非行空降伏修行不發J31nB269_p0705a13心亦非行如鼎三足如天三光闕一不可譯經J31nB269_p0705a14之妙其在茲焉

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○二如來讚許

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佛言善哉善哉須菩提如汝所說如來善護念諸菩J31nB269_p0705a17善付囑諸菩薩汝今諦聽當為汝說善男子善女J31nB269_p0705a18人發阿耨多羅三藐三菩提心應如是住如是降伏J31nB269_p0705a19其心

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曲分三印讚所讚重言善哉讚美之極護付能J31nB269_p0705a21令佛種不斷是事必然故印讚言如汝所說

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印讚所讚者印讚須菩提之所讚也即經云J31nB269_p0705a23哉善哉是讚也,「如汝所說是印也,「如來善護念J31nB269_p0705a24等是所讚也重言等者善吉所讚雅契佛心J31nB269_p0705a25不重言安表善極如顏回死夫子歎之云:「天喪J31nB269_p0705a26天喪予!」註云:「再言者痛傷之甚也。」吉凶雖別J31nB269_p0705a27慇懃頗同護付等者空生發言言當其事故佛J31nB269_p0705a28印讚云云

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敕聽許說無以生滅心行聽實相法。《智論偈云J31nB269_p0705a30聽者端視如渴飲一心入於語義中踊躍聞法心J31nB269_p0705b01悲喜如是之人可為說。」

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敕聽許說者經云汝今諦聽」,敕聽也;「當為汝說」,J31nB269_p0705b03許說也諦謂審實之義意令審諦真實用心聽J31nB269_p0705b04無以生滅等者此乃反用淨名經彼云J31nB269_p0705b05以生滅心行說實相法。」此意云既不得以生滅J31nB269_p0705b06心說豈得以生滅心聽既是不生不滅實相之J31nB269_p0705b07云何以生滅心行說之聽之無以妙饌置於J31nB269_p0705b08穢器智論下釋相端視謂不左顧右盼也目若J31nB269_p0705b09別顧心則異緣本欲制心且令端視此是用心J31nB269_p0705b10之方便也渴飲者喻也如渴飲水但恐水竭無J31nB269_p0705b11暇別觀聽法之者亦復如是思冀妙門無心睥J31nB269_p0705b12一心入語義者意中現義方發於言言中有J31nB269_p0705b13義義中有意令聽者以耳識聽其言以意識採J31nB269_p0705b14其義尋義而取意得意而捨義苟能得意在懷J31nB269_p0705b15何慮失於言義心心若此如瓶注瓶一覽無遺J31nB269_p0705b16可為至妙故云一心入於語義中也踊躍即歡J31nB269_p0705b17賀之貌即欲聞法之時也悲喜即聞了之時J31nB269_p0705b18謂傷昔日不遇如下經云涕淚悲泣喜謂慶今J31nB269_p0705b19日之得聞如鶖子踊躍歡喜傷昔慶今故云悲J31nB269_p0705b20如是下結揀其機也意云若不如是用心則J31nB269_p0705b21不可為說真諦記說諦聽離三過失得三功J31nB269_p0705b22謂離散亂輕慢顛倒如次生聞修三慧也

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標勸將陳我當為汝如是如是委細而說

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標勸將陳者標謂標指勸謂勸勉將猶欲也J31nB269_p0705b25說也即經云善男子等標也,「應如是等勸也J31nB269_p0705b26勸之意意在欲說故云將陳即懸指向下正答J31nB269_p0705b27之文是故此云我當為汝等也

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○三善現佇聞

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唯然世尊願樂欲聞

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唯者順從之辭禮對曰唯野對曰阿。《十地經J31nB269_p0705c01渴思冷水如饑思美食如病思良藥如眾蜂依蜜J31nB269_p0705c02我等亦如是願聞甘露法。」

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唯阿等者如今人稱喏皆順從之辭也。《老子J31nB269_p0705c04唯之與阿相去幾何?」注文如疏今則禮對也J31nB269_p0705c05地等者釋願聞之相華嚴十地品中諸菩薩J31nB269_p0705c06眾請金剛藏說十地法門之偈今借用之然前J31nB269_p0705c07四句於中約喻配其三慧初句聞慧聞法不思J31nB269_p0705c08如飲水不味次句思慧若要尋求食味應須啖J31nB269_p0705c09第三修慧修行惑遣如服藥病除後句即三J31nB269_p0705c10慧之果蜂採百華以成蜜人集萬行以證真J31nB269_p0705c11成蜜已依蜜而活人證真已依真而住我等下J31nB269_p0705c12合喻最後一句通喻所聞

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○四如來正說正答所問舉總標別以牒J31nB269_p0705c14

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佛告須菩提諸菩薩摩訶薩應如是降伏其心

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諸菩薩摩訶薩者前舉當機云善男子善女J31nB269_p0705c17洎今答處何言菩薩摩訶薩耶大心未發J31nB269_p0705c18即是凡夫既已發心即名菩薩善現標舉約未J31nB269_p0705c19發心時故云善男子善女人世尊酬答約已發J31nB269_p0705c20心後乃言諸菩薩摩訶薩

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●疏四正釋經文

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此以降伏為總住修為別也謂住修之中皆有降J31nB269_p0705c23經意在此故唯標降伏

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以前空生問有三種佛今牒舉但言降伏故此J31nB269_p0705c25釋也前二句標謂住下釋謂度生無我是住中J31nB269_p0705c26降伏也施不住相是修中降伏也由斯義故降J31nB269_p0705c27伏為總也經意在此者在舉降伏而標住修J31nB269_p0705c28顯文簡義豐彰乎玄妙始雖住修究竟降伏J31nB269_p0705c29意茲深故但云一也

●二斥他謬判

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有科此所標云舉後攝初者乃令經文極不穩暢J31nB269_p0706a01理例顛倒自古言教秖有以初攝後未聞以後攝J31nB269_p0706a02

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此即大雲疏也青龍即云舉終括始其義亦同J31nB269_p0706a04乃令下正斥失文不穩暢者本宜初包後義J31nB269_p0706a05色例於聲等何忽舉後攝初致使文不穩暢J31nB269_p0706a06穩暢蓋由於科非經文本意也

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●三詳定經旨

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況詳經文無別答降伏之處則知降伏在住修中J31nB269_p0706a09皆令離相是答降伏問也

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降伏在住修中者住中降伏即實無度者修中J31nB269_p0706a11降伏即無住布施無度無住便是離相離相既J31nB269_p0706a12通住修故知降伏是總

●四牒難釋通

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不別答者此經宗於離相離相正是降心本意J31nB269_p0706a14明降心須約住修而顯住修降心本不相離故無J31nB269_p0706a15著十八住皆有住修降心

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初句牒難難云空生既問有次第住修降伏宛J31nB269_p0706a17何故經中不與別答而寄住修中明耶此經J31nB269_p0706a18正釋通離相是降心者如前所引無度無住J31nB269_p0706a19須約住修顯者若有發心修行斯可說得降J31nB269_p0706a20若無住修說何降制斯則只於住修以降分J31nB269_p0706a21別妄念故云本不相離無著下引證可知

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○二約別顯總以答問答安住降心問四

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安住者即安住四心彌勒偈云廣大第一常J31nB269_p0706a24心不顛倒利益深心住此乘功德滿。」依此科判J31nB269_p0706a25故列四心也

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○初廣大心

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所有一切眾生之類若卵生若胎生若溼生若化生J31nB269_p0706a28若有色若無色若有想若無想若非有想非無想

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文二初句標三界普度故

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三界普度者釋廣大義一切眾生不越三界J31nB269_p0706b01界普度方名廣大若一眾生不與度者非廣大J31nB269_p0706b02故經標云所有一切眾生即統該也梵語僕J31nB269_p0706b03呼繕那此云眾生。《智度論五蘊和合中生J31nB269_p0706b04云眾生。」《瑜伽論思業為因卵胎溼化為緣J31nB269_p0706b05蘊初起名之為生。」類即流類即胎卵等四也

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若卵下受生差別

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稟命之始名曰受生即初起之時也卵等四異J31nB269_p0706b08故云差別謂卵㲉中生胎藏中生依溼而生J31nB269_p0706b09忽然生故不同也

●文二釋文

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天獄化生鬼通胎化人畜各四諸餘微細水陸地J31nB269_p0706b11不可具分品類

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然三界眾生不出五道以四攝五亦得具足J31nB269_p0706b13云天獄等化生斯則從狹之寬明也天獄化生J31nB269_p0706b14天上地獄唯是化生最狹也鬼通胎化者J31nB269_p0706b15寬也謂地行羅剎及鬼子母皆是胎生故有鬼J31nB269_p0706b16母白目連曰:「我晝夜分各生五百子隨生自食J31nB269_p0706b17雖盡不飽。」故知有胎生鬼也餘皆化生也人畜J31nB269_p0706b18各四者即最寬也人四者毗舍佉母卵生三十J31nB269_p0706b19二子胎生常人溼即柰女從菴羅樹溼氣而生J31nB269_p0706b20化生即劫初之人俱舍二禪福將盡下生J31nB269_p0706b21贍部洲。」畜具四者,《正法念經化生金翅鳥J31nB269_p0706b22食四生龍乃至溼生也。」然禽獸雖殊皆畜生道J31nB269_p0706b23餘獸皆胎餘鳥皆卵也諸餘微細等者J31nB269_p0706b24盡法界虛空界十方剎海所有眾生種種J31nB269_p0706b25差別所謂卵生胎生溼生化生或有依於地水J31nB269_p0706b26火風而生住者或有依空及諸卉木而生住者J31nB269_p0706b27種種生類種種色身乃至云一切天龍八部人J31nB269_p0706b28非人等無足二足四足多足有色無色有想無J31nB269_p0706b29想非有想非無想等。」以今經中無別說處不可J31nB269_p0706b30搆虛而言故此結云不可具分品類也

J31nB269_p0706c01

●二通難

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卵劣在初者二釋約境具緣多者為首約心J31nB269_p0706c03從本至末為次

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應難云卵生最劣云何在初化生最勝云何居J31nB269_p0706c05二釋下約境等者謂卵生必具胎J31nB269_p0706c06未生處胎胎中必溼無而忽有為化胎生必兼J31nB269_p0706c07溼化溼必兼化化不必兼餘但從於無而忽有J31nB269_p0706c08此則前前必具後後後後不具前前故為此J31nB269_p0706c09次也約心等者謂眾生本因起業業識即根本J31nB269_p0706c10無明與本性和合能所未分混沌如卵卵即卵J31nB269_p0706c11藥師經破無明㲉竭煩惱河。」無明發業J31nB269_p0706c12蘊在藏識為胎受生為溼生時從無而忽有為J31nB269_p0706c13由是義故故為此次也

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依止差別有色四禪無色四空

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依止差別者依止即是眾生身身其依止依止J31nB269_p0706c16義異故云差別故次云有色無色等有色即以J31nB269_p0706c17色為身無色即以四蘊為身又色界有四禪云J31nB269_p0706c18無色有四空云云如是品類不同故云依止J31nB269_p0706c19差別如有經云佛涅槃時無色界天淚下如J31nB269_p0706c20既有淚下云何無色所言無色者無業果J31nB269_p0706c21不無定果色故不違也

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境界差別功德施云:「有想則空識二處無想則J31nB269_p0706c23無所有處非等則有頂。」

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境界差別者雖言境界意明空等四處識二J31nB269_p0706c25處者無色界第一第二天也無所有處者第三J31nB269_p0706c26天也非有想非無想者第四天也無麤想有細J31nB269_p0706c27故是三有之頂故云有頂下二界皆有色J31nB269_p0706c28何故唯言四禪以為色界又色界亦有一天J31nB269_p0706c29為無想云何唯指無所有處為無想耶三界J31nB269_p0706c30統論不出五事謂欲無想非有想非無想J31nB269_p0707a01然非有無想即局於有頂一天色界一天雖名J31nB269_p0707a02無想已從多分通名色界故但指無所有處為J31nB269_p0707a03無想其餘三事從空識二處已下乃至欲界相J31nB269_p0707a04有無寬狹不同謂欲界具三色界無欲無色J31nB269_p0707a05界唯想無色無欲故立有想之名色界雖有想J31nB269_p0707a06恐濫上名故立有色之目欲界雖兼色想上已J31nB269_p0707a07沾於二名揀異彼故但名欲界下下必具於上J31nB269_p0707a08上上不兼於下下故立名之本其在茲焉J31nB269_p0707a09有三人一人解經一人解經一人唯解J31nB269_p0707a10揀別立號云云可知又欲界三欲五妙欲境J31nB269_p0707a11勝故色界細妙色勝故無色想心勝故由是欲J31nB269_p0707a12唯欲界色通二界想遍三界無想通上二界J31nB269_p0707a13有想非無想局上一界斯則不同功德施所釋J31nB269_p0707a14

J31nB269_p0707a15

○二第一心

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我皆令入無餘涅槃而滅度之

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我者即發菩提心菩薩所稱今佛說彼也涅槃J31nB269_p0707a18秦譯滅度今經上梵下唐故云而滅度之J31nB269_p0707a19具足梵音應云摩訶波利昵嚩喃此云大圓寂J31nB269_p0707a20今經論中多言涅槃也

J31nB269_p0707a21

即無住處涅槃不共二乘故云第一無著云何故J31nB269_p0707a22願此不可得義生所攝故又云無想有頂則J31nB269_p0707a23不能云何普入有三因緣難處生者待時故J31nB269_p0707a24非難處生未成熟者成熟之故已成熟者解脫J31nB269_p0707a25之故

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無住處涅槃者然準唯識論有四種涅槃J31nB269_p0707a27自性清淨涅槃凡聖同有有餘依即出煩惱J31nB269_p0707a28有苦依身故無餘依身出生死苦無依故J31nB269_p0707a29然小乘以灰身滅智為無餘無餘有三煩惱J31nB269_p0707a30業餘果報餘大乘則以究竟寶所為無J31nB269_p0707b01智論四住地煩惱盡名有餘依五住地J31nB269_p0707b02煩惱盡名無餘依。」無住處悲智相兼不住生J31nB269_p0707b03死涅槃故今即大乘之無餘四種之中無住處J31nB269_p0707b04涅槃也謂不住菩薩變易生死不住二乘灰斷J31nB269_p0707b05涅槃即真無住處名為無餘若小乘無餘如有J31nB269_p0707b06情滅減不別今不同彼故云不共二乘不共者J31nB269_p0707b07即非彼四之第三則言同而意異也法華經J31nB269_p0707b08若得作佛時具三十二相爾時乃可謂永盡J31nB269_p0707b09滅無餘。」此則二障都盡二死永離也第一者J31nB269_p0707b10歸偈旨仍釋科名意謂若非無住處之無餘J31nB269_p0707b11得彌勒指為第一心耶無著下初二句難意云J31nB269_p0707b12一切眾生五性差別云何皆入無餘涅槃三分J31nB269_p0707b13半眾生不得成佛故云不可得義生所攝者J31nB269_p0707b14此是無著立量成立皆可度也應立量云J31nB269_p0707b15分半眾生是有法定皆成佛故為宗因云生所J31nB269_p0707b16攝故同喻一分半眾生意云:《涅槃經凡是有J31nB269_p0707b17心定當作佛」,《圓覺經有性無性齊成佛道」,J31nB269_p0707b18則是可得義安云不得又云卵溼等者舉難處J31nB269_p0707b19難也卵溼則畜生難無想有頂即長壽天難J31nB269_p0707b20舉二處意兼八難八難謂三塗北洲長壽天J31nB269_p0707b21前佛後世智辯聰無根等難意云難處即不可J31nB269_p0707b22云何皆入有三因緣等者答也難處待時者J31nB269_p0707b23此亦令成其種也意云難處眾生不可常定J31nB269_p0707b24非難處而度脫之若得成種遲速之間必須成J31nB269_p0707b25發廣大心故合無遺非難處者雖即未度且J31nB269_p0707b26令成熟已熟可知此稍同前護付之義也

J31nB269_p0707b27

○三常心

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如是滅度無量無數無邊眾生實無眾生得滅度者

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性空故同體故論云自身滅度無異眾生」;J31nB269_p0707b30本寂故無念故法界故

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一性空者眾生緣生緣生無性故即空也同體J31nB269_p0707c02同一真如性故起信論謂如實知一切J31nB269_p0707c03眾生及與己身真如平等無別異故。」論云下J31nB269_p0707c04此語猶反應云眾生滅度無異自身寧於自J31nB269_p0707c05身起於他想本寂者相本自盡不待滅故。《淨名J31nB269_p0707c06一切眾生即寂滅相不復更滅。」此與性空J31nB269_p0707c07何別前但即空此則本來成佛成佛即入涅J31nB269_p0707c08故云本寂前淺後深可知無念者有念即有J31nB269_p0707c09眾生如無瞖則空華不現法界者一真法界平J31nB269_p0707c10等無差云何於中見自他相故偈云:「平等真法J31nB269_p0707c11佛不度眾生。」此上五義大雲之文然於中一J31nB269_p0707c12三約所約能所唯約能該本末也大抵J31nB269_p0707c13意云若見眾生有可度者即生疲勞不能常度J31nB269_p0707c14反此即常也又度與不度其心不二名之為常J31nB269_p0707c15金剛三昧經若化眾生不生於化不生J31nB269_p0707c16無化其化大焉。」

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○四不倒心

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何以故須菩提若菩薩有我相人相眾生相壽者相J31nB269_p0707c19即非菩薩

J31nB269_p0707c20

何以故者徵意云設所見有眾生可度此何過J31nB269_p0707c21次通云若菩薩有我等相即非菩薩此是反J31nB269_p0707c22意云是真菩薩必無我為能度豈更見有眾J31nB269_p0707c23生得滅度耶

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論云遠離依止身見眾生等相故。」無著云:「已斷我J31nB269_p0707c25得自行平等相故。」信解自他平等顯示降伏心J31nB269_p0707c26中攝散時眾生想亦不轉如彼爾炎

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遠離依止等者依止即身見異名亦名相續J31nB269_p0707c28云薩迦耶此云身見等者等於我壽者也J31nB269_p0707c29名身見者以依於身起此見故故云依止身見J31nB269_p0707c30眾生等相又身見為本諸餘見等依此而生J31nB269_p0708a01今皆遠離故云等相也已斷等者內無我即無J31nB269_p0708a02自相無自相即平等平等即空義也信解等者J31nB269_p0708a03以己方人也由內無自相故得外無他相中有J31nB269_p0708a04故字是所以也既無自他之相即自他平等J31nB269_p0708a05公云:「以我身空諸法空千品萬類悉皆同。」顯示J31nB269_p0708a06降伏等者準無著論廣大第一當住常心當修J31nB269_p0708a07不倒當降安住一段之中便具三義今此段文J31nB269_p0708a08正當降義故云顯示降伏等也不轉者轉即生J31nB269_p0708a09起義意云我見等不生起也我不生起正是降J31nB269_p0708a10心義也爾炎者梵語此云智母即根本智能生J31nB269_p0708a11後得故名智母以根本智雖內證真理而無能J31nB269_p0708a12證之心今後得智雖外度眾生而無能度之念J31nB269_p0708a13故云如爾炎也如是用意名不顛倒心反之即J31nB269_p0708a14顛倒耳

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○二答修行降心問總標

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復次須菩提菩薩於法應無所住行於布施

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於法者統標諸法應無下正明修行菩薩萬行J31nB269_p0708a18何唯說一萬行不出六度六度總名布施故偈J31nB269_p0708a19:「檀義攝於六資生無畏法此中一二三是名修J31nB269_p0708a20行住。」無著云:「若無精進疲倦故不能說法若無禪J31nB269_p0708a21即貪信敬利養染心說法若無智慧便顛倒說J31nB269_p0708a22。」

J31nB269_p0708a23

統標諸法者謂色聲等六通名法故故魏經云J31nB269_p0708a24不住於事」。菩薩萬行者謂自利利他事行理行J31nB269_p0708a25如是等行無量無邊今言萬者且舉大數總名J31nB269_p0708a26布施者謂第一即資生施第二第三即無畏施J31nB269_p0708a27六度皆名法施偈云下引偈釋於中初二J31nB269_p0708a28句標第三句配第四句結也三者謂一攝J31nB269_p0708a29二攝二三攝三也是則三施為能攝六度為J31nB269_p0708a30所攝無著下攝所以也前二義顯法施義隱J31nB269_p0708b01疏明矣然要略明資生者資即外財也無畏者J31nB269_p0708b02由持戒忍辱故無心害物設有冤家亦不讎報J31nB269_p0708b03若無精進等者,《起信於諸善事心不懈退J31nB269_p0708b04立志堅強遠離怯弱若無禪定等者下經云J31nB269_p0708b05云何為人演說不取於相如如不動。」不動即無J31nB269_p0708b06染義也擬心即差尚名為染況貪信敬名利等J31nB269_p0708b07豈得非愆若無智慧等者說火溼水熱地動J31nB269_p0708b08名為顛倒若說事如事說理如理則非顛倒J31nB269_p0708b09由是開一施為三施開三施為六度開六度為J31nB269_p0708b10萬行萬行不出六度六度不出三施三施不出J31nB269_p0708b11一種檀那是故此中唯言布施

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○二別釋

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所謂不住色布施不住聲法布施

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本論但指三事謂自身報恩果報偈云:「自身及報J31nB269_p0708b15果報斯不著護存己不施防求於異事。」

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但指三事者六境雖差統唯三事謂自下J31nB269_p0708b17云下初二句標斯不著者此也不令著此J31nB269_p0708b18三事也次二句釋存己不施者釋上自身也J31nB269_p0708b19著自身不行施故求異事者釋上報恩果報也J31nB269_p0708b20此非菩薩所行正行故云異事報恩酬過去之J31nB269_p0708b21果報望未來之報自身不施義當現在護亦J31nB269_p0708b22防也意令於此三世事中防護悉皆不著即是J31nB269_p0708b23不住色等布施也

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○三總結

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須菩提菩薩應如是布施不住於相

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前但指三事今則心境空有微細盡祛故偈云:「J31nB269_p0708b27離取相心」。論云不見施物受者施者。」無著云:「不住J31nB269_p0708b28相想。」有人將此結文為答降伏問非也前標次釋J31nB269_p0708b29次結皆云無住都是修行中降伏之義何忽偏判J31nB269_p0708b30配結之文為答別問

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前但指三事者意云前之三事收過未盡不妨J31nB269_p0708c02有不著自身不著果報不為報恩而行施者J31nB269_p0708c03非無住今則下顯今經意心即能緣境即所緣J31nB269_p0708c04有即雙該心及心境所餘收不盡者皆有字J31nB269_p0708c05空者即離心境等相也住境理有所乖J31nB269_p0708c06心此復何失有二法相待立名有之與空J31nB269_p0708c07二俱是相隨墮一相非是常心是故此令一切J31nB269_p0708c08皆遣微細盡祛者不論心起心動念則J31nB269_p0708c09乖法體是故一切盡令祛遣直須施時其心平J31nB269_p0708c10不起分別方成無住也若然者生心動念J31nB269_p0708c11則非無住且眾生心行任運非常若待相應J31nB269_p0708c12竟無分若一向不施又不成佛因若行布施J31nB269_p0708c13墮住相進退不可其事云何欲求菩提必須J31nB269_p0708c14行施初行施時難頓相應要須用心方便隨順J31nB269_p0708c15任運起念作意遠之用心多時自然任運得與J31nB269_p0708c16理合從微至著漸次相應爾起信說真如J31nB269_p0708c17言說名字心緣不及遂致問云若如是義者J31nB269_p0708c18眾生等云何隨順而能得入故答云若知一切J31nB269_p0708c19法雖念亦無能念可念是名隨順若離於念J31nB269_p0708c20為得入云云偈云下引證上義故知心境空有J31nB269_p0708c21莫非相也論云下約離二執三輪釋上離相J31nB269_p0708c22施物是法施者受者是人今皆不見則離二執J31nB269_p0708c23名為二空二空皆離即三輪體空輪者喻也J31nB269_p0708c24車輪內虛方能運轉老子當其無有車之J31nB269_p0708c25。」三事體空能招佛果三事體實即墮世間J31nB269_p0708c26則以無相輪摧三有相超出世間也無著下J31nB269_p0708c27證成上義相即境也想即心也有人下指斥謬J31nB269_p0708c28如文

J31nB269_p0708c29

○四顯益

J31nB269_p0708c30

何以故若菩薩不住相布施其福德不可思量須菩J31nB269_p0709a01於意云何東方虛空可思量不不也世尊須菩提J31nB269_p0709a02南西北方四維上下虛空可思量不不也世尊須菩J31nB269_p0709a03菩薩無住相布施福德亦復如是不可思量

J31nB269_p0709a04

此亦別斷一疑應云無住則無福德疑也大雲J31nB269_p0709a05二十七疑從此便為第一云無住有福疑今則J31nB269_p0709a06不取為大段疑數何者緣是答問之中曲分疑J31nB269_p0709a07故論云得降伏心故是以次說布施利益。」J31nB269_p0709a08住相者施成就義次後方始文勢云自此已下J31nB269_p0709a09一切修多羅示現斷生疑心也

J31nB269_p0709a10

●疏二科釋文意

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初句徵者論云若離施等相想云何成就施福?」J31nB269_p0709a12菩薩下於中三法說為疑無福不可思以斷J31nB269_p0709a13東方下喻說可知菩薩無住相下法合

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若離等者釋徵意也以魏經云不住相想」,遂疑J31nB269_p0709a15若存施想即有施因以有施因方有施果J31nB269_p0709a16無施想則無施因因尚不成果何得立如放債J31nB269_p0709a17須記若忘誰還此疑同無記心中行施也法中J31nB269_p0709a18亦爾不可思量者以是無相施福故不可思量J31nB269_p0709a19喻中東方是眾方之首是故先明南西北方J31nB269_p0709a20次例說法喻皆同不可思量意云非謂無空J31nB269_p0709a21空相對義在合中

●二別辨喻旨

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虛空者無著云:「猶如虛空有三因緣遍一切處J31nB269_p0709a23謂住不住相中福生故寬廣高大殊勝故J31nB269_p0709a24究竟不窮故。」

J31nB269_p0709a25

遍一切處者謂色非色中皆有空故謂住下J31nB269_p0709a26合也不住中皆有福故謂近感十王住中福J31nB269_p0709a27遠招菩提不住福又近得色身住中福遠得法J31nB269_p0709a28身不住福空雖無相非謂無空福雖不住非謂J31nB269_p0709a29無福二者寬廣即橫遍十方高即豎窮三際J31nB269_p0709a30即通該橫豎如上之義喻皆大殊勝者喻則J31nB269_p0709b01三災不壞法則四相不遷三者無盡究竟不窮J31nB269_p0709b02蓋一義耳然世界有盡虛空無窮有漏有窮J31nB269_p0709b03漏無盡三種常義厥在茲焉大抵意云無住之J31nB269_p0709b04遍滿一切無住之福高大殊勝無住之福J31nB269_p0709b05竟不窮猶如虛空思量不及以稱法界故得如J31nB269_p0709b06義利昭然復何所惑

J31nB269_p0709b07

○五結勸

J31nB269_p0709b08

須菩提菩薩但應如所教住

J31nB269_p0709b09

但應如所教住者前令不住此又令住住與J31nB269_p0709b10不住何是何非前令不住用心此令住於不J31nB269_p0709b11不住而住即住真空如鳥不住空卻能住空J31nB269_p0709b12若住於空即不住空也故魏經云但應如是行J31nB269_p0709b13於布施」。準此答三問已便合經終入流通分J31nB269_p0709b14空生於如來答處生起疑情所以為斷斷已又J31nB269_p0709b15起展轉滋多執盡疑除終二十七段由是更有J31nB269_p0709b16次下經文也

J31nB269_p0709b17

金剛般若經疏論纂要刊定記會編第五卷

J31nB269_p0709b18

校訛

J31nB269_p0709b19
  • 第五紙十七行北藏作楞嚴寺流通本同
  • 第十四紙十二行北藏作九
  • J31nB269_p0709b20
  • 第十五紙一行北藏作翼
  • 第十七紙四行北藏作聞
  • 第十九J31nB269_p0709b21十三行第三字獄北藏作嶽
  • 第二十一紙五行北藏作具
  • 第二十J31nB269_p0709b22三紙十行流通本作界
  • 第二十四紙十行北藏作州
  • 第二十六J31nB269_p0709b23八行見字下北藏脫等者二字十四行北藏作自
  • 第二十七紙二行北藏無眾J31nB269_p0709b24
  • 第二十八紙十一行北藏作壇已上流通本皆同