那先比丘經
那先比丘經卷上
佛在舍衛國祇樹給孤獨園,時諸比丘僧、比T32n1670Bp0703c11丘尼、優婆塞、優婆夷,諸天、王、大臣、長者、人民,T32n1670Bp0703c12及事九十六種道者,凡萬餘人,日於佛前聽T32n1670Bp0703c13經。佛自念:「人眾日多,身不得安。」佛意欲捨人T32n1670Bp0703c14眾去,到閑屏處,坐思惟念道。佛即捨人眾去,T32n1670Bp0703c15入山至校羅叢樹間,其樹有神。佛坐其下,思念T32n1670Bp0703c16清淨之道。去叢樹不遠,有群象五百餘頭,中T32n1670Bp0703c17有象王,賢善知善惡之事,譬如人狀。象輩眾多,T32n1670Bp0703c18周匝象王邊,中有雄雌、長齒中齒少齒者。象T32n1670Bp0703c19王渴欲行飲水時,諸小象走居前入水飲,飲T32n1670Bp0703c20已於水中走戲,撓撈水令濁惡,象王不能得T32n1670Bp0703c21清水飲。象王飢欲行食草,諸小象復走居前食T32n1670Bp0703c22噉美草,走戲蹈踐其上,象王不能得淨草食。T32n1670Bp0703c23象王自念:「我群眾多患,是諸象及小象子撓水T32n1670Bp0703c24令濁、令草不淨,而返常飲濁水食足踐之草。」T32n1670Bp0703c25象王自念:「我欲棄是諸象去,至一屏處快耶!」T32n1670Bp0703c26象王即棄群而去,轉行入山,到校羅叢樹間。T32n1670Bp0703c27象王見佛,佛坐樹下,心大歡喜,則前至佛所,T32n1670Bp0703c28低頭屈膝為佛作禮,却在一面住。佛自念:「我T32n1670Bp0703c29棄眾人來在是間,象王亦復棄眾象來到是T32n1670Bp0704a01樹間,其義適同。」佛為象王說經言:「佛於人中T32n1670Bp0704a02最尊,象王於諸象中亦尊。」佛言:「我心與象王T32n1670Bp0704a03心適相中合,我與象王俱樂是樹間。」象王聽T32n1670Bp0704a04經竟,心即開解,曉知佛意,便視佛所彷徉經T32n1670Bp0704a05行處,以鼻取水灑地、以鼻撈草掃地、以足蹈T32n1670Bp0704a06地令平好。象王日朝暮承事。如是久後,佛便T32n1670Bp0704a07取無為泥洹道去。象王不知佛處,為周旋行求,T32n1670Bp0704a08索佛不得,啼泣愁憂不樂不敢食飲。
時國中T32n1670Bp0704a09有佛寺舍,在山上,名迦羅洹,中有五百沙門T32n1670Bp0704a10共止其中,皆已得阿羅漢道,常以月六齋日T32n1670Bp0704a11誦經至明時。象王亦在山上,近於寺邊。象王T32n1670Bp0704a12知有六齋日誦經,至其日,象王常行入寺T32n1670Bp0704a13聽經。諸沙門知象王喜聽經,欲誦經時須象T32n1670Bp0704a14王來到乃誦經。象王聽經徹明,不睡不臥不T32n1670Bp0704a15動不搖。象王數聞經承事佛故,久後象王亦T32n1670Bp0704a16以壽終死,便得為人作子。生婆羅門家,不T32n1670Bp0704a17復聞佛經亦不見沙門,便棄家入深山學婆T32n1670Bp0704a18羅門道,在山上止。近比亦有一婆羅門道人俱T32n1670Bp0704a19在山上,相與往來,共為知識。其一人自念:「我T32n1670Bp0704a20厭世間縣官憂苦老病死,後當入地獄、餓鬼、畜T32n1670Bp0704a21生貧窮中。用是故,我除頭鬚、被袈裟作沙門,T32n1670Bp0704a22求度世無為道。」其一人自念:「我願欲求作國王T32n1670Bp0704a23得自在,令天下人民皆共屬我隨我教令。」兩T32n1670Bp0704a24人共願如是。久後二人各復壽終,得於世間T32n1670Bp0704a25作人。其一人前世宿命欲求作國王者,生於T32n1670Bp0704a26海邊為國王太子,父母便字子為彌蘭。其一人T32n1670Bp0704a27前世宿命欲求度世無為泥洹道者,生於天T32n1670Bp0704a28竺罽賓縣,父母便字為陀獵。生便被袈裟俱T32n1670Bp0704a29生,所以與袈裟俱生者,本宿命所願。其家有T32n1670Bp0704b01一象王亦同日生,天竺名象為那,父母便因T32n1670Bp0704b02象字其子名為那先。
那先長大,年十五六,有T32n1670Bp0704b03舅父字樓漢。樓漢作沙門,有絕妙之才,世間T32n1670Bp0704b04無比,眼能徹視、耳能徹聽、自知所從來生,行T32n1670Bp0704b05即能飛,出能無間、入無孔,自在變化無所不作,T32n1670Bp0704b06天上天下人民及蜎飛蠕動之類心所念,樓漢T32n1670Bp0704b07皆預知之。那先便自往到舅父計自說言:「我T32n1670Bp0704b08意佛道,欲除頭鬚、被袈裟作沙門,今我當為T32n1670Bp0704b09舅父作弟子。寧可持我作沙門耶?」樓漢知那T32n1670Bp0704b10先宿命作善有慧,甚重哀之,因聽令作沙彌。T32n1670Bp0704b11那先始作小沙彌,受十戒,日誦經學問,思惟T32n1670Bp0704b12經戒即得四禪,悉知諸經,獨未受大沙門戒。
T32n1670Bp0704b13於時國山中有佛寺舍名曰惒禪,惒禪寺中T32n1670Bp0704b14有五百沙門,皆得阿羅漢道。中有第一阿羅T32n1670Bp0704b15漢名頞陂曰,能知天上天下去來見在之事。T32n1670Bp0704b16那先年滿二十,因作大沙門,受大沙門戒,便T32n1670Bp0704b17到惒禪寺中至頞陂曰所。時五百阿羅漢適T32n1670Bp0704b18以十五日說大沙門戒經在講堂上坐,大沙T32n1670Bp0704b19門皆入,那先亦在其中。眾沙門悉坐,頞陂曰T32n1670Bp0704b20悉視坐中諸沙門心皆是阿羅漢,獨那先未T32n1670Bp0704b21得羅漢道。頞陂曰便說譬喻經言:「若入折米,T32n1670Bp0704b22米正白中有黑米即剔不好。今我坐中皆清T32n1670Bp0704b23白,獨那先為黑,未得阿羅漢道。」那先聞頞陂T32n1670Bp0704b24曰說經如是,大愁便起,為五百沙門作禮已T32n1670Bp0704b25即出去。那先自念:「我不宜在是座中坐,我亦T32n1670Bp0704b26未得度脫,其餘沙門皆已度脫。譬若眾師子T32n1670Bp0704b27中有狐狗,今我亦如是。我從今不得道者不T32n1670Bp0704b28復入眾中坐也。」頞陂曰知那先意,便呼那先著T32n1670Bp0704b29前,以手摩那先頭:「汝今得阿羅漢不久,勿愁T32n1670Bp0704c01憂也。」頞陂曰便欲坐止那先。
那先復有一師,年T32n1670Bp0704c02八十餘,字迦惟曰。其縣中有一優婆塞,大賢T32n1670Bp0704c03善,常日飯迦惟曰、弟子。那先至為師持應器T32n1670Bp0704c04行取飯具,師令那先口含水行到優婆塞家取T32n1670Bp0704c05飯具。優婆塞見那先年少端正行與人絕異,T32n1670Bp0704c06宿知有慧,預聞有明志之名、能說經道。優婆塞T32n1670Bp0704c07見那先入其舍中,便即起立前為作禮却叉T32n1670Bp0704c08手言:「我飯諸沙門日久,未嘗有為我說經者。T32n1670Bp0704c09今從我那先求哀,願為我說經,解我愚癡。」那T32n1670Bp0704c10先即自念:「我受師教,令我口含水不得語。我T32n1670Bp0704c11今吐水者為犯師戒,如是當云何?」那先念:「優T32n1670Bp0704c12婆塞亦高才有志,我為其說經,想即得道。」那T32n1670Bp0704c13先便吐水而坐,即為說經:「人布施作善奉行T32n1670Bp0704c14經戒,今世安隱、後世便生天上,下生人中即T32n1670Bp0704c15當明慧富貴,後不復入地獄、餓鬼、畜生中。人T32n1670Bp0704c16不奉行經戒者,於今世苦,後世復墮三惡道T32n1670Bp0704c17中無有出時。」優婆塞聞經心即歡喜。那先知T32n1670Bp0704c18優婆塞心歡喜,便復說深經言:「世間萬物皆T32n1670Bp0704c19當過去,無有常在者。萬物過去皆苦,世間人T32n1670Bp0704c20身亦如是。世間人皆言:是我身、過我許。是皆T32n1670Bp0704c21不得自在泥洹道者。最樂泥洹者,不生不老T32n1670Bp0704c22不病不死不愁不憂,諸惡勤苦皆悉消滅。」那T32n1670Bp0704c23先說經已,優婆塞即得第一須陀洹道,那先T32n1670Bp0704c24亦自得須陀洹道。優婆塞大歡喜,便為那先T32n1670Bp0704c25好美飯。那先語優婆塞:「先取具著師鉢中。」那T32n1670Bp0704c26先飯竟澡漱訖畢,持飯具還與師。師見飯具T32n1670Bp0704c27言:「若今日持飯具來,大好。已犯眾人,約當逐出T32n1670Bp0704c28汝。」那先愁不樂。師言:「會眾比丘僧眾。」比丘僧T32n1670Bp0704c29悉會坐,師言:「那先犯我曹眾人約來,當共逐T32n1670Bp0705a01出,不得止眾中也。」頞陂曰說譬喻言:「如人持T32n1670Bp0705a02一箭射兩準,如是曹人不應逐出也。那先自T32n1670Bp0705a03說得道,亦令優婆塞得道,不應逐出。」那先師T32n1670Bp0705a04迦維曰言:「正使一箭中百準,會為眾人約,不T32n1670Bp0705a05得留止。餘人悉不能如那先得道,當已絕後。T32n1670Bp0705a06不逐出那先者,餘人復效,無以却後。」眾坐中T32n1670Bp0705a07皆默然,隨師教,即逐出那先。那先便以頭面T32n1670Bp0705a08著師足,起遍為眾比丘僧作禮,禮竟便去,入T32n1670Bp0705a09深山中坐樹下,晝夜精進念道不懈,便自成T32n1670Bp0705a10得阿羅漢道,能飛行亦能眼徹視耳徹聽,亦T32n1670Bp0705a11能知他人心所念,自知前世所從來生。得阿T32n1670Bp0705a12羅漢已便即來還入惒禪寺中,諸眾比丘僧T32n1670Bp0705a13中叩頭求哀悔過惒禪諸比丘僧,諸比丘僧T32n1670Bp0705a14即聽之,那先作禮竟便出去。
那先轉行入諸T32n1670Bp0705a15郡縣街曲里巷,為人說經戒教人為善,中有T32n1670Bp0705a16受五戒者、中有得須陀洹道、中有得斯陀含T32n1670Bp0705a17道者、中得阿那含道者、中有作沙門得阿羅T32n1670Bp0705a18漢道者,第一四天王、第二忉利天帝釋、第T32n1670Bp0705a19七梵天王皆來到那先前作禮,以頭面著足却T32n1670Bp0705a20坐,那先皆為諸人說經,名字徹聞四天。那先T32n1670Bp0705a21所行處,諸天、人民、鬼神、龍見那先無不歡喜T32n1670Bp0705a22者,皆得其福。那先便轉到天竺舍竭國,止泄T32n1670Bp0705a23坻迦寺中。
有前世故知識一人,在海邊作國王T32n1670Bp0705a24太子名彌蘭。彌蘭少小好喜讀經學異道,悉知T32n1670Bp0705a25異道經法,難異道人無有能勝者。彌蘭父王T32n1670Bp0705a26壽終,彌蘭即立為國王。王問左右邊臣言:「國T32n1670Bp0705a27中道人及人民,誰能與我共難經道者?」邊臣白T32n1670Bp0705a28王言:「有。有學佛道者,人呼為沙門,其人智慧T32n1670Bp0705a29博達,能與大王共難經道。今在北方大秦國,T32n1670Bp0705b01國名舍竭古王之宮,其國中外安隱,人民皆T32n1670Bp0705b02善。其城四方,皆復道行,諸城門皆彫文刻鏤。T32n1670Bp0705b03宮中婦女各有處所,諸街市里羅列成行,官T32n1670Bp0705b04道廣大列肆成行,象馬車步男女熾盛,乘T32n1670Bp0705b05門道人親戚工師細民。及諸小國皆多高明,T32n1670Bp0705b06人民被服五色焜煌,婦女傅白皆著珠環,國T32n1670Bp0705b07土高燥珍寶眾多,四方賈客賣買皆以金錢,T32n1670Bp0705b08五穀豐賤家有儲畜,市邊羅賣諸美羹飯飢T32n1670Bp0705b09即得食,渴飲蒲萄雜酒,樂不可言。」
其國王字T32n1670Bp0705b10彌蘭,以正法治國。彌蘭者高才有智,明世經T32n1670Bp0705b11道,能難去來見在之事,明於官事戰鬪之術,T32n1670Bp0705b12智謀無不通達。時王出城遊戲,諸兵眾屯繞T32n1670Bp0705b13外。其王心自貢高:「我為王,能答九十六種經T32n1670Bp0705b14道。人所問不窮,人心適發便豫知所言。」王語T32n1670Bp0705b15諸傍臣曰:「尚早入城亦無所作。是間寧有明T32n1670Bp0705b16經道人沙門能與我共難經說道者無?」王傍T32n1670Bp0705b17臣名沾彌利望群,沾彌利望群白王言:「然。有T32n1670Bp0705b18沙門字野惒羅,大明經道,能與王共難經說T32n1670Bp0705b19道。」王便勅沾彌利望群行往請來。沾彌利望T32n1670Bp0705b20群即行請野惒羅言:「大王欲見大師。」野惒羅言:T32n1670Bp0705b21「大善。王欲相見者,當自來耳,我不往也。」沾彌T32n1670Bp0705b22利還白王如是,王即乘車與五百騎共往到T32n1670Bp0705b23寺中。王與野惒羅相見,前問訊已便就坐,五T32n1670Bp0705b24百騎從悉皆亦坐。王即問野惒羅言:「卿用何T32n1670Bp0705b25故棄家捐妻子,剃頭鬚、被袈裟作沙門乎?T32n1670Bp0705b26卿所求何等道?」野惒羅報王:「我曹學佛道行T32n1670Bp0705b27忠政,於今世得其福,後世亦得其福,用是故T32n1670Bp0705b28我除頭鬚、被袈裟作沙門。」王問野惒羅言:「有T32n1670Bp0705b29人白衣有妻子,於家有妻子行忠政,於今世T32n1670Bp0705c01得其福不?後世亦得其福不?」野惒羅言:「白衣T32n1670Bp0705c02於家有妻子,有行忠政,於今世得福,於後世T32n1670Bp0705c03亦得其福。」王言:「白衣於家有妻子,有行忠政,T32n1670Bp0705c04於今世後世同得其福。卿無故而棄妻子,除T32n1670Bp0705c05頭鬚、被袈裟作沙門為。」野惒羅便默然無以T32n1670Bp0705c06報王。傍臣白言:「是沙門大明健有智,迫促未T32n1670Bp0705c07及說耳。」王傍臣舉手言:「王得勝。王得勝。」野惒T32n1670Bp0705c08羅便默然受負。
王即左右顧視諸優婆塞,諸T32n1670Bp0705c09優婆塞面亦不慚。王念:「是諸優婆塞面亦難T32n1670Bp0705c10慚者,獨復有明經健沙門能與我相難者耳!」T32n1670Bp0705c11王語沾彌利寧:「復有明慧沙門能與共難經說T32n1670Bp0705c12道者無?」時那先者,諸沙門師,常與諸沙門俱T32n1670Bp0705c13出入,諸沙門皆使說經。那先時皆知諸經要T32n1670Bp0705c14難,能說十二部經,說經而種種別異章斷句T32n1670Bp0705c15解已,知泥洹之道,無有能窮者、無有能得勝T32n1670Bp0705c16者,能解諸疑、能明思者,所言智如江海,能伏T32n1670Bp0705c17九十六種道,為佛四輩弟子所敬、為諸智者T32n1670Bp0705c18所歸仰,常以經道教授人。那先來到舍竭國,T32n1670Bp0705c19其所相隨弟子皆復高明,那先如猛師子。沾T32n1670Bp0705c20彌利白王:「有異沙門字那先,智慧深妙明諸經T32n1670Bp0705c21要,能解諸疑、無所不通,能與王共難經道。」王T32n1670Bp0705c22問沾彌利:「審能與我共難經道不?」沾彌利應:T32n1670Bp0705c23「唯然。能與王共難經道。尚能與第七梵天共T32n1670Bp0705c24難經道,何況於人王。」即勅沾彌利便行請那T32n1670Bp0705c25先來。沾彌利即往到那先所白言:「大王欲相T32n1670Bp0705c26見。」那先即與諸弟子相隨到王所。
王雖未甞T32n1670Bp0705c27與那先相見,那先在眾人中被服行步與人T32n1670Bp0705c28絕異,王遙見陰知是那先。王自說言:「我前T32n1670Bp0705c29後所見人眾大多、入大座中大多,未甞自覺T32n1670Bp0706a01恐怖如今日見那先。那先今日定勝我,我定T32n1670Bp0706a02不如矣。我心惶惶不安也。」沾彌利白王言:「那T32n1670Bp0706a03先已來在外。」那先既至,王問沾彌利:「何所是那T32n1670Bp0706a04先者?」沾彌利因指示王,王即大歡喜:「正我所隱T32n1670Bp0706a05者竟是那先。」王即見那先衣被行步與眾人T32n1670Bp0706a06絕異。那先即到,前相問訊語言,王便大歡喜,因T32n1670Bp0706a07共對坐。那先語王言:「佛經說言,人安隱最為T32n1670Bp0706a08大利,人知厭足最為大富,人有所信最為大T32n1670Bp0706a09厚,泥洹道者最為大快。」王便問那先:「卿字何T32n1670Bp0706a10等?」那先言:「父母字我為那先,便呼我為那先。T32n1670Bp0706a11有時父母呼我為維先、有時父母呼我為首T32n1670Bp0706a12羅先、有時父母呼我維迦先,用是故人皆識T32n1670Bp0706a13知我,世間人皆有是字耳。」王問那先:「誰為那T32n1670Bp0706a14先者?」王復問言:「頭為那先耶?」那先言:「頭不為T32n1670Bp0706a15那先也。」王復問:「眼耳鼻口為那先耶?」那先言:T32n1670Bp0706a16「眼耳鼻口不為那先。」王復問:「頸項肩臂足手T32n1670Bp0706a17為那先耶?」那先言:「不為那先。」王復問:「髀脚為T32n1670Bp0706a18那先耶?」那先言不為那先。王復問顏色為那T32n1670Bp0706a19先耶。那先言:「不為那先。」王復問:「苦樂為那先T32n1670Bp0706a20耶?」那先言:「不為那先。」王復問:「善惡為那先耶?」T32n1670Bp0706a21那先言:「不為那先。」王復問:「身為那先耶?」那先T32n1670Bp0706a22言:「不為那先。」王復問:「肝肺心脾脈腸胃為那T32n1670Bp0706a23先耶?」那先言:「不為那先。」王復問:「顏色苦樂善T32n1670Bp0706a24惡身心合,是五事寧為那先耶?」那先言:「不為那T32n1670Bp0706a25先。」王復問:「假使無顏色、苦樂、善惡、身心、無是T32n1670Bp0706a26五事,寧為那先耶?」那先言:「不為那先。」王復問:T32n1670Bp0706a27「聲響喘息為那先耶?」那先言:「不為那先。」王復T32n1670Bp0706a28問:「何所為那先者?」那先問王言:「名車何所為車T32n1670Bp0706a29者?軸為車耶?」王言:「軸不為車。」那先言:「輞為車T32n1670Bp0706b01耶?」王言:「輞不為車。」那先言:「輻為車耶?」王言:「輻T32n1670Bp0706b02不為車。」那先言:「轂為車耶?」王言:「轂不為車。」那T32n1670Bp0706b03先言:「轅為車耶?」王言:「轅不為車。」那先言:「軛為T32n1670Bp0706b04車耶?」王言:「軛不為車。」那先言:「輿為車耶?」王言:T32n1670Bp0706b05「輿不為車。」那先言:「扛為車耶?」王言:「扛不為車。」T32n1670Bp0706b06那先言:「蓋為車耶?」王言:「蓋不為車。」那先言:「合T32n1670Bp0706b07聚是諸材木著一面,寧為車耶?」王言:「合聚是諸T32n1670Bp0706b08材木著一面,不為車也。」那先言:「假令不合聚T32n1670Bp0706b09是諸材木,寧為車耶?」王言:「不合聚是諸材木,T32n1670Bp0706b10不為車。」那先言:「音聲為車耶?」王言:「音聲不為T32n1670Bp0706b11車。」那先言:「何所為車者?」王便默然不語。那先T32n1670Bp0706b12言:「佛經說之,如合聚是諸材木用作車,因得T32n1670Bp0706b13車。人亦如是,合聚頭面耳鼻口、頸項肩臂、骨T32n1670Bp0706b14肉手足、肝肺心脾腎腸胃、顏色聲響喘息、苦樂T32n1670Bp0706b15善惡,合聚名為人。」王言:「善哉善哉!」
王復問那T32n1670Bp0706b16先:「能與我共難經說道不?」那先言:「如使王持T32n1670Bp0706b17智慧與我相問者,能相難;王持驕貴者意,不能T32n1670Bp0706b18相難。」王問那先言:「智者諸何等類?」那先言:「智T32n1670Bp0706b19者談極相詰語、相解語、相上語、相下語、有勝有T32n1670Bp0706b20負、正語不正語、自知是非,是為最智。智者不T32n1670Bp0706b21用作瞋怒,智者如是。」王復問那先言:「王者語T32n1670Bp0706b22何等類?」那先言:「王者語自放恣,敢有違戾不T32n1670Bp0706b23如王語者,王即強誅罰之,王者語如是。」王言:T32n1670Bp0706b24「願用智者語,不用王者語。莫復持對王者意T32n1670Bp0706b25與我語,與我語當如與諸沙門語、當如與諸T32n1670Bp0706b26弟子語、當如與諸優婆塞語、當以與眾沙門T32n1670Bp0706b27給使者語,無得懷恐怖極正心,當相開悟。」那T32n1670Bp0706b28先言:「大善。」
王言:「我欲有所問。」那先言:「王便問。」T32n1670Bp0706b29王言:「我已問。」那先言:「我已答。」王言:「答我何等T32n1670Bp0706c01語?」那先言:「王亦問我何等語?」王言:「我無所問。」T32n1670Bp0706c02那先言:「無所答。」王內自思惟念:「是沙門大T32n1670Bp0706c03高明慧。我甫始當多有所問。」王意自念:「日欲T32n1670Bp0706c04冥,當云何?明日當請那先歸於宮中,善相難T32n1670Bp0706c05問。」王告沾彌利:「語那先,今日迫冥,明日相請T32n1670Bp0706c06歸於宮中,善相難問。」沾彌利望群即白那先T32n1670Bp0706c07言:「日欲冥,王當還宮。明日王欲請那先。」那先T32n1670Bp0706c08言:「大善。」王即騎馬還宮。於馬上王續念那先T32n1670Bp0706c09字,意念欲言那先。那先念至明日。
明日沾彌T32n1670Bp0706c10利望群及傍臣白言王:「審當請那先不?」王言:T32n1670Bp0706c11「當請之。」沾彌利望群言:「請者當使與幾沙門T32n1670Bp0706c12俱來?」王言:「在那先欲與幾沙門俱來耳。」王主T32n1670Bp0706c13藏者名慳,慳白王言:「令那先與十沙門俱來T32n1670Bp0706c14可耳。」王復言:「聽那先欲與幾沙門俱來耳。」慳復T32n1670Bp0706c15白王言:「令那先與十沙門俱來可。」王復言:「聽T32n1670Bp0706c16那先自在欲與幾沙門俱來。」慳復白王:「令那T32n1670Bp0706c17先與十沙門俱來可耳。」王聞慳語大數,王便T32n1670Bp0706c18瞋怒慳所:「汝真慳無輩。汝字為慳,不望汝強T32n1670Bp0706c19惜王物自汝物當云何。汝不知逆我意,當T32n1670Bp0706c20有誅罰之罪。」王言:「可去,哀赦汝罪,今我作王,T32n1670Bp0706c21為不能堪飯沙門耶!」慳便慚愧,不敢復語。沾T32n1670Bp0706c22彌利望群即往到那先所,便前作禮白言:「大T32n1670Bp0706c23王請那先。」那先言:「王當令我與幾沙門俱行?」T32n1670Bp0706c24沾彌利望群言:「自在那先欲與幾沙門俱行。」T32n1670Bp0706c25那先便與野惒羅等八十沙門俱行。沾彌利T32n1670Bp0706c26望群悉俱行,旦欲入城。沾彌利望群道中T32n1670Bp0706c27並問那先:「昨日對王言無有,何用為那先?」那T32n1670Bp0706c28先問沾彌利望群:「卿意何所為那先者?」沾彌T32n1670Bp0706c29利望群言:「我以喘息出入命氣為那先。」那先T32n1670Bp0707a01問沾彌利望群言:「人氣一出不復還入,其人寧T32n1670Bp0707a02復生不?」沾彌利望群言:「氣出不還,定為死也。」T32n1670Bp0707a03那先言:「如人吹笳,氣一出不復還入。如人T32n1670Bp0707a04持鍛金笛吹火,氣一出時寧得復還入不?」T32n1670Bp0707a05沾彌利望群言:「不復還入。」「如人以角吹地,氣T32n1670Bp0707a06一出時寧復還入不?」沾彌利望群言:「不復還T32n1670Bp0707a07入。」那先言:「同氣出不復還入,人何以故猶不T32n1670Bp0707a08死?」沾彌利望群言:「喘息之間我不能知,願為T32n1670Bp0707a09我曹解說之。」那先言:「喘息之氣皆身中事。如T32n1670Bp0707a10人心有所念者,舌為之言,是為舌事;意有所T32n1670Bp0707a11疑,心念之,是為心事。各有所主。分別視之皆T32n1670Bp0707a12空,無有那先也。」沾彌利望群心即開解,便受T32n1670Bp0707a13五戒為優婆塞。那先便前入宮,到王所上殿,T32n1670Bp0707a14王即為那先作禮而却。那先即坐,八十沙門T32n1670Bp0707a15皆共坐。王極作美飯食,王手自著那先前T32n1670Bp0707a16飯眾沙門。飯食已竟,澡手畢訖,王即賜諸T32n1670Bp0707a17沙門人一張褻袈裟、革屣各一量,賜那先、野T32n1670Bp0707a18惒羅,各三領袈裟、各一量革屣。王語那先、野T32n1670Bp0707a19惒羅言:「留十人共止,遣餘人令去。」那先即T32n1670Bp0707a20遣餘沙門令去,留十人共止。王勅後宮諸貴T32n1670Bp0707a21人妓女:「悉於殿上帷中,聽我與那先共難經T32n1670Bp0707a22道。」時貴人妓女悉出殿上帷中,聽那先說T32n1670Bp0707a23經。時王持座坐於那先前,王言:「當說何等?」T32n1670Bp0707a24那先言:「王欲聽要言者當說要言。」王言:「卿曹T32n1670Bp0707a25道何等最要者?用何等故作沙門?」那先言:「我T32n1670Bp0707a26曹欲棄世間勤苦,不欲更後世勤苦,用是故T32n1670Bp0707a27我曹作沙門。我曹用是為最要善。」王言:「諸沙T32n1670Bp0707a28門皆不欲更今世後世勤苦故作沙門耶?」那T32n1670Bp0707a29先言:「不悉用是故作沙門。沙門有四輩。」王言:T32n1670Bp0707b01「何等四?」那先言:「中有負債作沙門、中有畏縣T32n1670Bp0707b02官作沙門者、中有貧窮作沙門者、中有真欲T32n1670Bp0707b03棄滅今世後世勤苦故作沙門。」那先言:「我本T32n1670Bp0707b04至心求道故作沙門耳。」王言:「今卿用道故作T32n1670Bp0707b05沙門耶?」那先言:「我少小作沙門。有佛經道及T32n1670Bp0707b06弟子,諸沙門皆多高明。我從學經戒入我心T32n1670Bp0707b07中,以是故棄今世後世勤苦故作沙門。」王言:T32n1670Bp0707b08「善哉!」
王問言:「寧有人死後不復生者不?」那先T32n1670Bp0707b09言:「中有於後世生者、中有不復生者。」王言:「誰T32n1670Bp0707b10於後世生者?誰不復生者?」那先言:「人有恩愛T32n1670Bp0707b11貪欲者,後世便復生;人無恩愛貪欲者,後世T32n1670Bp0707b12不復生也。」王言:「人以一心念正法善故,後世T32n1670Bp0707b13不復生耶?」那先言:「人以一心念正法、念善智T32n1670Bp0707b14慧及餘善事故,後世不復生。」王言:「人以一心T32n1670Bp0707b15念正法善與智慧,是二事其義寧同不?」那先T32n1670Bp0707b16言:「其義各異不同。」王問那先:「牛馬六畜頗有T32n1670Bp0707b17智、無有智?」那先言:「牛馬六畜各自有智,其心T32n1670Bp0707b18不同。」那先言:「王曾見穫麥者不?左手持麥、右T32n1670Bp0707b19手刈之。」那先言:「智慧之人斷絕愛欲,譬如穫T32n1670Bp0707b20麥。」王言:「善哉!」
王復問那先:「何等為餘善事T32n1670Bp0707b21者?」那先言:「誠信、孝順、精進念善、一心、智慧,是T32n1670Bp0707b22為善事。」王言:「何等為誠信者?」那先言:「誠信者T32n1670Bp0707b23無所復疑,信有佛、有佛經法、信有比丘僧、信T32n1670Bp0707b24有阿羅漢、信有今世、信有後世、信有孝順父T32n1670Bp0707b25母、信有作善得善、信有作惡得惡。得信,是以T32n1670Bp0707b26後心便清淨,即去離五惡。何等五惡?一者貪T32n1670Bp0707b27婬、二者瞋恚、三者睡眠、四者戲樂、五者所T32n1670Bp0707b28疑。人不去是五惡,心意不定;去是五惡,意便T32n1670Bp0707b29清淨。」那先言:「譬如遮迦越王車馬人從濿渡T32n1670Bp0707c01水,令水濁惡。過渡以去,王渴,欲得水飲。王有T32n1670Bp0707c02清水珠,置水中,水即為清,王便得清水飲之。」T32n1670Bp0707c03那先言:「人心有惡,譬如濁水。佛諸弟子得度T32n1670Bp0707c04死生之道,心以清淨,如珠清水。人却諸惡,誠T32n1670Bp0707c05信清淨,譬如明月珠。」王言:「善哉善哉!」
王問T32n1670Bp0707c06言:「人精進誠信者云何?」那先言:「佛諸弟子自T32n1670Bp0707c07相見輩中脫諸惡心,中有得須陀洹者、中有T32n1670Bp0707c08得斯陀含者、中有得阿那含者、中有得阿羅T32n1670Bp0707c09漢者、中有因相效奉行誠信者,皆亦得度世T32n1670Bp0707c10道。」那先言:「譬如山上大雨,其水下流廣大,兩T32n1670Bp0707c11邊人俱不知水深淺,畏不敢渡。如有遠方人T32n1670Bp0707c12來視水,隱知水廣狹深淺,自知力勢能入T32n1670Bp0707c13水,便得渡過。兩邊人眾便效,隨後亦得渡去。T32n1670Bp0707c14佛諸弟子亦如是,見前人淨心得須陀洹、斯T32n1670Bp0707c15陀含、阿那含、阿羅漢道,皆從善心精進所致T32n1670Bp0707c16也。佛經言:人有誠信之心,可自得度世。道人T32n1670Bp0707c17能制止却五所欲自知身苦者,乃能得度世。T32n1670Bp0707c18人皆從智慧成其道德。」王言:「善哉善哉!」
王言:T32n1670Bp0707c19「何等為孝順者?」那先言:「諸善者皆為孝順。凡T32n1670Bp0707c20三十七品經,皆由於孝順為本。」王言:「何等為T32n1670Bp0707c21三十七品經?」那先言:「有四意止、有四意斷、有T32n1670Bp0707c22四神足、有五根、有五力、有七覺意、有八種道T32n1670Bp0707c23行。」王復問那先言:「何等為四意止者?」那先報T32n1670Bp0707c24王言:「佛說一為身身觀止、二為觀痛痒痛痒T32n1670Bp0707c25止、三為觀意意止、四為觀法法止。是為四意T32n1670Bp0707c26止。」王復言:「何等為四意斷?」那先言:「佛說已分T32n1670Bp0707c27別止四事不復念,是為四意斷。以得四意斷,T32n1670Bp0707c28便自得四神足念。」王復問:「何等為四神足念?」T32n1670Bp0707c29那先言:「一者眼能徹視、二者耳能徹聽、三者T32n1670Bp0708a01能知他人心中所念、四者身能飛行。是為四T32n1670Bp0708a02神足念。」王復問:「何等為五根者?」那先言:「一者T32n1670Bp0708a03眼見好色惡色意不貪著是為根、二者耳聞T32n1670Bp0708a04好聲惡罵聲意不貪著是為根、三者鼻聞香T32n1670Bp0708a05臭意不貪著是為根、四者口得美味苦辛意不T32n1670Bp0708a06貪著是為根、五者身得細滑意亦不喜身得T32n1670Bp0708a07麁堅意亦不惡是為五根。」王復問:「何等為五T32n1670Bp0708a08力者?」那先言:「一能制眼、二能制耳、三能制鼻、T32n1670Bp0708a09四能制口、五能制身,令意不墮,是為五力。」王T32n1670Bp0708a10復問:「何等為七覺意者?」那先言:「一意覺意、二T32n1670Bp0708a11分別覺意、三精進覺意、四可覺意、五猗覺意、T32n1670Bp0708a12六定覺意、七護意。是為七覺意。」王復問:「何等T32n1670Bp0708a13為八種道行?」那先言:「一直見、二直念、三直語、T32n1670Bp0708a14四直治、五直業、六直方便、七直意、八直定。T32n1670Bp0708a15是為八種道行。凡是三十七品經,皆由孝順T32n1670Bp0708a16為本。」那先言:「凡人負重致遠有所成立皆由T32n1670Bp0708a17地成,世間五穀樹木仰天之草皆由地生。」那T32n1670Bp0708a18先言:「譬如師匠圖作大城,當先度量作基址T32n1670Bp0708a19已乃可起城。」那先言:「譬如伎人欲作,當先淨T32n1670Bp0708a20除地平乃作。佛弟子求道,當先行經戒、念善T32n1670Bp0708a21因、知勤苦,便棄諸愛欲,便思念八種道行。」王T32n1670Bp0708a22言:「當用何等棄諸愛欲?」那先言:「一心念道,愛欲T32n1670Bp0708a23自滅。」王言:「善哉善哉!」
王復問言:「何等為精進T32n1670Bp0708a24者?」那先言:「持善助善是為精進。」那先言:「譬如T32n1670Bp0708a25垣牆欲倒,從邊拄之;舍欲傾壞亦復拄之。是為T32n1670Bp0708a26精進。」那先言:「譬如國王遣兵有所攻擊,兵弱欲T32n1670Bp0708a27不如,王復遣兵往助之,兵便得勝。人有諸惡,T32n1670Bp0708a28如兵少弱時;人持善心消滅惡心,譬如王增T32n1670Bp0708a29兵得勝。持五善心消五惡心,譬如戰鬪得勝。T32n1670Bp0708b01是為精進助善。如是。」那先言:「精進所助,致人T32n1670Bp0708b02善道已,得度世道無有還期。」王言:「善哉!」
王復T32n1670Bp0708b03問:「何等為意當念諸善事者?」那先言:「譬如人T32n1670Bp0708b04取異種華以縷合連繫之,風吹不能散。」那先T32n1670Bp0708b05復言:「譬如王守藏者,知王帑藏中金銀珠玉、瑠T32n1670Bp0708b06璃珍寶有其多少。道人欲得道時,意念三十T32n1670Bp0708b07七品經,譬如是,正所謂念度世之道者也。人T32n1670Bp0708b08有道意,因知善惡,知當可行、知當不可行,分T32n1670Bp0708b09別白黑自思惟以後便棄惡就善。」那先言:「譬T32n1670Bp0708b10如王有守門者,知王有所敬者、知王有所不T32n1670Bp0708b11敬者,知有利王者、知有不利王者。守門者知T32n1670Bp0708b12王所敬者、知利王者便內之,知王不敬者、知T32n1670Bp0708b13不利王者,守門者即不內。」那先言:「人持意亦T32n1670Bp0708b14如是,諸善者當內之,諸不善者不當內。守意T32n1670Bp0708b15制心,譬亦如是。」那先說經言:「人當自堅守護T32n1670Bp0708b16其意及身中六愛欲,持意堅守,自當有度世T32n1670Bp0708b17時。」王言:「善哉善哉!」
王問那先言:「何等為一其T32n1670Bp0708b18心者?」那先言:「諸善中獨有一心最第一,人能T32n1670Bp0708b19一其心,諸善皆隨之。」那先言:「譬如樓陛當有T32n1670Bp0708b20所倚,諸為善者皆著一心。」那先言:「譬如王將T32n1670Bp0708b21四種兵出行戰鬪,象兵、馬兵、車兵、步兵皆導T32n1670Bp0708b22引王前後。佛諸經戒及餘善事皆隨一心,亦T32n1670Bp0708b23譬如兵。」那先說經言:「諸善中一心為本,學道T32n1670Bp0708b24人眾多,皆當先歸一心。人身生死過去如水T32n1670Bp0708b25下流,前後相從無有住時。」王言:「善哉!」
王復T32n1670Bp0708b26問:「何等為智慧者?」那先言:「我前說已,人有智T32n1670Bp0708b27慧,能斷諸疑、明諸善事,是為智慧。」那先言:「譬T32n1670Bp0708b28如持燈火入冥室,火適入室便亡其冥、自T32n1670Bp0708b29明明。人有智慧,譬如火光。」那先言:「譬如人持T32n1670Bp0708c01利刀截木。人有智慧能截斷諸惡,譬如利刀。」T32n1670Bp0708c02那先言:「人於世間,智慧最為第一。人有智慧,T32n1670Bp0708c03能得度脫生死之苦。」王言:「善哉!」王言:「那先前T32n1670Bp0708c04後所說經種種別異,但欲趣却一切惡耶?」那T32n1670Bp0708c05先言:「然。佛經所說種種諸善者,但欲却一切T32n1670Bp0708c06惡也。」那先言:「譬如王發四種兵,雖行戰鬪,T32n1670Bp0708c07初發行時意但欲攻敵耳。佛所說經種種諸T32n1670Bp0708c08善,但欲共攻去一切惡耳。」王言:「善哉善哉!那T32n1670Bp0708c09先說經甚快也。」
王復問那先言:「人死所趣善T32n1670Bp0708c10惡之道,續持故身神行生耶?更𧵍他神行生T32n1670Bp0708c11耶?」那先言:「亦非故身神,亦不離故身神。」那先T32n1670Bp0708c12因問:「王身小時哺乳時身,至長大時,續故身T32n1670Bp0708c13非?」王言:「小時身異。」那先言:「人在母腹中,始隨T32n1670Bp0708c14精時至精濁時,故精耶?」「異也。」「堅為肌骨時,故T32n1670Bp0708c15精耶?」「異也。」「初生時至年數歲時,故精耶?」「異也。」T32n1670Bp0708c16「如人學書時,傍人寧能代其工不?」王言:「不能T32n1670Bp0708c17代其工。」那先言:「如人犯法有罪,寧可取無罪之T32n1670Bp0708c18人代不?」王言:「不可。」那先以精神、罪法語王,王T32n1670Bp0708c19意不解,王因言:「如人問那先,那先解之云何?」T32n1670Bp0708c20那先言:「我故小時身耳,從小至大續故身爾。T32n1670Bp0708c21大與小時含為一身養,是命所養。」那先問王T32n1670Bp0708c22言:「譬如人然燈火,寧至天明不?」王言:「然燈油T32n1670Bp0708c23至明。」那先言:「燈中炷火至一夜時續故火光T32n1670Bp0708c24不?至夜半時故火光不?至明時故火光不?」王T32n1670Bp0708c25言:「非故火光。」那先言:「然燈從一夜至夜半,復T32n1670Bp0708c26更然燈火耶?向晨時復更然燈耶?」王言:「不中T32n1670Bp0708c27夜起更然,火續故,一炷火至明耳。」那先言:「人T32n1670Bp0708c28精神展轉相續亦譬如是,一者去、一者來。人T32n1670Bp0708c29從精神生至老死後,精神更趣所向生,展轉T32n1670Bp0709a01相續,是非故精神亦不離故精神。人死以後,T32n1670Bp0709a02精神乃有所趣向生。」那先言:「譬如乳湩化作T32n1670Bp0709a03酪,取酪上肥煎成醍醐,寧可取醍醐與酪上T32n1670Bp0709a04肥還復名作乳湩?其人語寧可用不?」王言:「其T32n1670Bp0709a05人語不可用。」那先言:「人神乳湩從乳湩成酪、T32n1670Bp0709a06從酪成肥、從肥成醍醐。人神亦如是,從精神T32n1670Bp0709a07生、從生至長、從長至老、從老至死,死後神更T32n1670Bp0709a08復受生,一身死當復更受一身。譬如兩主更T32n1670Bp0709a09相然。」王言:「善哉善哉!」
王復問那先:「人有不復T32n1670Bp0709a10於後世生者,其人寧能自知不?」那先言:「然。有T32n1670Bp0709a11能自知者。」王言:「用何知之?」那先言:「其人自知T32n1670Bp0709a12無恩愛、無貪欲、無諸惡用,是故自知後世不T32n1670Bp0709a13復生。」那先問王:「譬如田家,耕犁種穀多收斂著T32n1670Bp0709a14𥫱中,至後歲不復耕不復種,但仰𥫱中穀食。T32n1670Bp0709a15其田家寧復望得新穀不?」王言:「其田無所復T32n1670Bp0709a16望。」那先言:「其田家何用知不復得穀?」王言:「其T32n1670Bp0709a17田家不復耕、不復種,故無所望。」那先言:「得道T32n1670Bp0709a18亦如是,自知已棄捐恩愛苦樂、無有貪心,是T32n1670Bp0709a19故自知後世不復生。」王復言:「其人於後世不T32n1670Bp0709a20復生者,於今寧有智異於人不?」那先言:「然。有T32n1670Bp0709a21智異於人。」王言:「寧能有明不?」那先言:「然。有明。」T32n1670Bp0709a22王言:「智與明有異同乎?」那先言:「智與明等耳。」T32n1670Bp0709a23王言:「有智明者寧悉知萬事不?寧有所不及知T32n1670Bp0709a24不?」那先言:「人智有所及、有所不及。」王言:「何T32n1670Bp0709a25等為智有所及、有所不及?」那先言:「人前所不T32n1670Bp0709a26學,前所不及知;人前所學,前所及知。智者所T32n1670Bp0709a27見人及萬物,皆當過去歸空、不得自在。人心T32n1670Bp0709a28所貪樂,皆種苦本,從是致苦。慧者知非常成T32n1670Bp0709a29敗之事,是智為異於人。」王問言:「人有智慧,癡T32n1670Bp0709b01愚所在?」那先言:「人有智慧,諸愚癡皆自消滅。」T32n1670Bp0709b02那先言:「譬如人持燈火入冥室,室中皆明,冥T32n1670Bp0709b03即消滅。智如是,人有智慧,諸癡愚皆悉消滅。」T32n1670Bp0709b04王言:「人智今為所在?」那先言:「人行智以後智T32n1670Bp0709b05便消滅,智所作者故作。」那先言:「譬如人夜於T32n1670Bp0709b06火下書,火滅字續在。智者如是,有所成已智T32n1670Bp0709b07便消滅,其所作續在。」王言:「智有所成已便自T32n1670Bp0709b08滅,是何等語?」那先言:「譬如人備火,豫作戒火T32n1670Bp0709b09五瓶水。如有失火者,其人持五瓶水水滴滅T32n1670Bp0709b10火。火滅以後,其救火人寧復望得完瓶歸家用T32n1670Bp0709b11不?」王言:「其人不復望,瓶破火滅,豈復望瓶耶?」T32n1670Bp0709b12那先言:「道人持五善心消滅諸惡,亦譬如瓶水T32n1670Bp0709b13滅火。」王言:「何等為五善?」那先言:「一者信善有T32n1670Bp0709b14惡、二者不毀經戒、三者精進、四者有慧念善、T32n1670Bp0709b15五者一心念道,為是五善。人能奉行是五善T32n1670Bp0709b16者,便得智慧,便知身及萬物非常,便知苦不T32n1670Bp0709b17得自在,便知空無所有。」那先言:「譬如醫師持T32n1670Bp0709b18五種藥詣病者家,以藥飲病人。病者飲藥得T32n1670Bp0709b19愈,醫寧復望得故藥復行治人不?」王言:「不復T32n1670Bp0709b20望得故藥。」那先言:「五種藥者,如五善智。其醫T32n1670Bp0709b21者,如求道人。其病者,如諸惡。愚癡者,如病T32n1670Bp0709b22人。得道度世者,如病得愈人。智所成致,人度T32n1670Bp0709b23世道;人已得道,智亦自滅。」那先言:「譬如健鬪T32n1670Bp0709b24人把弓持箭前行向敵,以五箭射敵得勝,其T32n1670Bp0709b25人寧復望箭歸歸不?」王言:「不復望箭。」那先言:T32n1670Bp0709b26「五箭者,人五智也。智人從智得道,如健鬪得T32n1670Bp0709b27勝敵家。諸惡者,如諸惡。道人持五善心滅却T32n1670Bp0709b28諸惡,諸惡皆滅善智即生。人從善智得成度T32n1670Bp0709b29世,道者常在不滅。」王言:「善哉!」
王言:「如人得道T32n1670Bp0709c01後世不復生者,後寧復更苦不?」那先言:「或有更T32n1670Bp0709c02苦者,或有不更苦者。」王言:「更苦、不更苦云何?」T32n1670Bp0709c03那先言:「身更苦耳,心意不更苦。」王言:「身更苦、T32n1670Bp0709c04心意不更苦云何?」那先言:「身所以更苦者,其T32n1670Bp0709c05身見在故更苦;心意棄捐諸惡、無有諸欲,是T32n1670Bp0709c06故不復更苦。」王言:「假令得道人不能得離身T32n1670Bp0709c07苦者,是為未得泥洹道耶?」王言:「人得道已無T32n1670Bp0709c08所恩愛,身苦意安,何用為得道?」王言:「假令人T32n1670Bp0709c09得道已成,當復何留?」那先言:「譬如果物未熟,T32n1670Bp0709c10不強熟也;已熟,亦無所復待。」那先言:「王屬所T32n1670Bp0709c11道者舍犁曰,所說舍犁曰在時言:我亦不求T32n1670Bp0709c12死、我亦不求生,我但須時可,時至便去。」王言:T32n1670Bp0709c13「善哉善哉!」
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