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阿難問事佛吉凶經

後漢 安世高譯

阿難問事佛吉凶經

T14n0492bp0754c01T14n0492bp0754c02T14n0492bp0754c03

阿難問事佛吉凶經

T14n0492bp0754c04 T14n0492bp0754c05

阿難白佛言:「有人事佛得富貴諧偶者,有T14n0492bp0754c06衰耗不諧偶者,云何不等同耶?願天中天T14n0492bp0754c07普為說之!」

佛告阿難:「有人奉佛,從明師T14n0492bp0754c08受戒,專信不犯,精進奉行,不失所受,形T14n0492bp0754c09像鮮明,朝暮禮拜,恭敬然燈,淨施所安,T14n0492bp0754c10不違道禁,齋戒不厭,心中欣欣;常為諸天、T14n0492bp0754c11善神擁護,所向諧偶,百事增倍;為天龍、T14n0492bp0754c12鬼神、眾人所敬,後必得道。是善男子、善女T14n0492bp0754c13人,真佛弟子也。

「有人事佛,不值善師,不T14n0492bp0754c14見經教,受戒而已。示有戒名,憒塞不信,T14n0492bp0754c15違犯戒律,乍信乍不信,心意猶豫。亦無T14n0492bp0754c16經像恭恪之心,既不燒香、然燈、禮拜,恒懷T14n0492bp0754c17狐疑。瞋恚罵詈,惡口嫉賢,又不六齋,殺T14n0492bp0754c18生趣手。不敬佛經,持著弊篋、衣服不淨之T14n0492bp0754c19中;或著妻子床上不淨之處;或持掛壁,無T14n0492bp0754c20有座席恭敬之心,與世間凡書無異。若疾T14n0492bp0754c21病者,狐疑不信,便呼巫師,卜問解奏,祠T14n0492bp0754c22祀邪神,天神離遠,不得善護,妖魅日進,T14n0492bp0754c23惡鬼屯門,令之衰耗,所向不諧。或從宿T14n0492bp0754c24行惡道中來,現世罪人也,非佛弟子,死T14n0492bp0754c25當入泥犁中被拷掠治。由其罪故,現自衰T14n0492bp0754c26耗,後復受殃,死趣惡道,展轉受痛,酷不T14n0492bp0754c27可言,皆由積惡其行不善。

「愚人盲盲,不思T14n0492bp0754c28宿行因緣所之精神,報應根本從來,謂言T14n0492bp0754c29事佛致是衰耗。不止前世宿祚無功,怨憎T14n0492bp0755a01天地,責聖咎天,世人迷惑,不達乃爾。不T14n0492bp0755a02達之人,心懷不定,而不堅固,進退失理,T14n0492bp0755a03違負佛恩而無返覆,遂為三塗所見綴縛,T14n0492bp0755a04自作禍福。罪識之緣,種之得本,不可不T14n0492bp0755a05慎,十惡怨家,十善厚友,安神得道,皆從T14n0492bp0755a06善生。善為大鎧,不畏刀兵;善為大船,可T14n0492bp0755a07以度水。有能守信,室內和安,福報自然,T14n0492bp0755a08從善至善,非神授與也。今復不信者,從T14n0492bp0755a09後轉復劇矣!」

佛言:「阿難!善惡追人,如影T14n0492bp0755a10逐形,不可得離;罪福之事,亦皆如是,勿T14n0492bp0755a11作狐疑,自墮惡道!罪福分明,諦信不迷,所T14n0492bp0755a12在常安;佛語至誠,終不欺人。」

佛復告阿T14n0492bp0755a13難:「佛無二言,佛世難值,經法難聞。汝宿T14n0492bp0755a14有福,今得侍佛,當念報恩,頒宣法教,示T14n0492bp0755a15現人民,為作福田。信者得植,後生無憂。」

T14n0492bp0755a16

阿難受教,奉行普聞。阿難復白佛言:「人T14n0492bp0755a17不自手殺者,不自手殺為無罪耶?」

佛言:「阿T14n0492bp0755a18難!教人殺生,重於自殺也。何以故?或是T14n0492bp0755a19奴婢愚小下人,不知罪福;或為縣官所見T14n0492bp0755a20促逼,不自出意,雖獲其罪,事意不同,輕T14n0492bp0755a21重有差。教人殺者,知而故犯,陰懷愚惡,T14n0492bp0755a22趣手害生,無有慈心;欺罔三尊,負於自T14n0492bp0755a23然神,傷生杌命,其罪莫大!怨對相報,世T14n0492bp0755a24世受殃,無有斷絕。現世不安,數逢災凶;T14n0492bp0755a25死入地獄,出離人形,當墮畜中,為人屠T14n0492bp0755a26截,三塗八難,巨億萬劫,以肉供人,未有T14n0492bp0755a27竟時,令身困苦,噉草飲泉。今世現有是T14n0492bp0755a28輩畜獸,皆由前世得為人時,暴逆無道,陰T14n0492bp0755a29害傷生,不信致此。世世為怨,還相報償,T14n0492bp0755b01神同形異,罪深如是。」

阿難復白佛言:「世T14n0492bp0755b02間人及弟子,惡意向師及道德之人,其罪T14n0492bp0755b03云何?」

佛語阿難:「夫為人者,當愛樂人善,T14n0492bp0755b04不可嫉之。人有惡意向道德之人、善師者,T14n0492bp0755b05是惡意向佛無異也。寧持萬石弩自射身,T14n0492bp0755b06不可惡意向之。」

佛言:「阿難!自射身為痛T14n0492bp0755b07不?」

阿難言:「甚痛,甚痛!世尊!」

佛言:「人持惡T14n0492bp0755b08意向道德人、其善師者,痛劇弩射身也。為T14n0492bp0755b09人弟子,不可輕慢其師、惡意向道德人,當T14n0492bp0755b10視之如佛,不可輕嫉,見善代其歡喜。人T14n0492bp0755b11有戒德者,感動諸天,天龍、鬼神莫不敬T14n0492bp0755b12尊。寧投身火中、利劍割肉,慎莫嫉妬人之T14n0492bp0755b13善。其罪不小,慎之!慎之!」

阿難復白佛言:「為T14n0492bp0755b14人師者,為可得呵遏弟子,不從道理,以有T14n0492bp0755b15小過,遂之成大,可無罪不?」

佛言:「不可!T14n0492bp0755b16不可!師、弟子義,義感自然,當相訊厚,視T14n0492bp0755b17彼如己;黜之以理,教之以道,己所不行,T14n0492bp0755b18勿施於人,弘崇禮律,不使怨訟;弟子亦T14n0492bp0755b19爾。二義真誠,師當如師,弟子當如弟子,T14n0492bp0755b20勿相誹謗,含毒致怨,以小成大,還自燒T14n0492bp0755b21身。為人弟子,當孝順於善師,慎莫舉惡T14n0492bp0755b22意向師。惡意向師,是惡意向佛、向法、向比T14n0492bp0755b23丘僧、向父母無異,天所不覆,地所不載。觀T14n0492bp0755b24末世人諸惡人輩,不忠不孝,無有仁義,不T14n0492bp0755b25順人道。魔世比丘四數之中,但念他惡,不T14n0492bp0755b26自止惡,嫉賢妬善,更相沮壞;不念行善,T14n0492bp0755b27強梁嫉賢,既不能為,復毀敗人,斷絕道T14n0492bp0755b28意,令不得行;貪欲務俗,多求利業,積財T14n0492bp0755b29自喪,厚財賤道,死墮惡趣大泥犁中,餓鬼、T14n0492bp0755c01畜生,未當有此。於世何求念報佛恩?當T14n0492bp0755c02持經戒,相率以道。道不可不學,經不可不T14n0492bp0755c03讀,善不可不行。行善布德,濟神離苦,超T14n0492bp0755c04出生死,見賢勿慢,見善勿謗,不以小過T14n0492bp0755c05證入大罪。違法失理,其罪莫大,罪福有T14n0492bp0755c06證,可不慎耶?」

阿難復白佛言:「末世弟子,因T14n0492bp0755c07緣相生,理家之事,身口之累,當云何?天T14n0492bp0755c08中天!」

佛言:「阿難!有受佛禁戒,誠信奉行,T14n0492bp0755c09順孝畏慎,敬歸三尊,養親盡忠,內外謹T14n0492bp0755c10善,心口相應,可得為世間事,不可得為世T14n0492bp0755c11間意。」

阿難言:「世間事、世間意,云何耶?天T14n0492bp0755c12中天!」

佛言:「為佛弟子可得商販營生利T14n0492bp0755c13業,平斗直尺,不可罔於人,施行以理,不T14n0492bp0755c14違神明自然之理。葬送之事,移徙、姻娶,是T14n0492bp0755c15為世間事也。

「世間意者,為佛弟子不得卜T14n0492bp0755c16問、請祟、符呪、厭怪、祠祀、解奏,亦不得擇良T14n0492bp0755c17日、良時。受佛五戒,福德人也,有所施作,當T14n0492bp0755c18啟三尊;佛之玄通,無細不知。戒德之人,T14n0492bp0755c19道護為強,役使諸天、天龍、鬼神,無不敬T14n0492bp0755c20伏。戒貴則尊,無往不吉,豈有忌諱不善T14n0492bp0755c21者耶?

「道之含覆,包弘天地,不達之人,T14n0492bp0755c22自作罣礙。善惡之事,由人心作,禍福由T14n0492bp0755c23人,如影追形、響之應聲。戒行之德,應之T14n0492bp0755c24自然,諸天所護,願不意違,感動十方,與T14n0492bp0755c25天參德;功勳巍巍,眾聖嗟歎,難可稱量!T14n0492bp0755c26智士達命,沒身不邪,善如佛教,可得度T14n0492bp0755c27世之道。」

阿難聞佛說,更整袈裟,頭腦著T14n0492bp0755c28地:「唯然,世尊!我等有福,得值如來,普恩T14n0492bp0755c29慈大,愍念一切,為作福田,令得脫苦。佛T14n0492bp0756a01言至真,而信者少,是世多惡,眾生相詛,T14n0492bp0756a02甚可痛哉!若有信者,若一若兩,奈何世T14n0492bp0756a03惡,乃弊如此!佛滅度後,經法雖存而無T14n0492bp0756a04信者,漸衰滅矣!嗚呼!痛哉!將何恃怙?惟T14n0492bp0756a05願世尊,為眾黎故,未可取泥洹。」

阿難因T14n0492bp0756a06而諫頌曰:

T14n0492bp0756a07
「佛為三界護,
恩廣普慈大,
T14n0492bp0756a08
願為一切故,
未可取泥洹。
T14n0492bp0756a09
值法者亦少,
盲盲不別真,
T14n0492bp0756a10
痛矣不識者,
罪深乃如是!
T14n0492bp0756a11
宿福值法者,
若一若有兩,
T14n0492bp0756a12
經法稍稍替,
當復何恃怙?
T14n0492bp0756a13
佛恩非不大,
罪由眾生故,
T14n0492bp0756a14
法鼓震三千,
如何不得聞?
T14n0492bp0756a15
世濁多惡人,
還自墮顛倒,
T14n0492bp0756a16
諛諂諀訾聖,
邪媚毀正真。
T14n0492bp0756a17
不信世有佛,
言佛非大道,
T14n0492bp0756a18
是人是非人,
自作眾罪本,
T14n0492bp0756a19
命盡往無擇,
刀劍解身形,
T14n0492bp0756a20
食鬼好伐殺,
鑊湯涌其中。
T14n0492bp0756a21
婬泆抱銅柱,
大火相燒然,
T14n0492bp0756a22
誹謗清高士,
鐵鉗拔其舌。
T14n0492bp0756a23
亂酒無禮節,
迷惑失人道,
T14n0492bp0756a24
死入地獄中,
洋銅沃其口。
T14n0492bp0756a25
遭逢眾厄難,
毒痛不可言,
T14n0492bp0756a26
若生還為人,
下賤貧窮中。
T14n0492bp0756a27
不殺得長壽,
無病常康強;
T14n0492bp0756a28
不盜後大富,
錢財恒自滿;
T14n0492bp0756a29
不婬香清淨,
身體鮮苾芬,
T14n0492bp0756b01
光影常奕奕,
上則為大王;
T14n0492bp0756b02
至誠不欺詐,
為眾所奉承;
T14n0492bp0756b03
不醉後明了,
德慧所尊敬。
T14n0492bp0756b04
五福超法出,
天人同儔類,
T14n0492bp0756b05
所生億萬倍,
真諦甚分明。
T14n0492bp0756b06
末世諸惡人,
不信多狐疑,
T14n0492bp0756b07
愚癡不別道,
罪深更逮冥!
T14n0492bp0756b08
蔽聖毀正覺,
死入大鐵城,
T14n0492bp0756b09
識神處其中,
頭上戴鐵輪,
T14n0492bp0756b10
求死不得死,
須臾已變形,
T14n0492bp0756b11
矛戟相毒刺,
軀體恒殘截。
T14n0492bp0756b12
奈何世如是,
背正信鬼神,
T14n0492bp0756b13
解奏好卜問,
祭祀傷不仁,
T14n0492bp0756b14
死墮十八處,
經歷黑繩獄,
T14n0492bp0756b15
八難為界首,
得復人身難。
T14n0492bp0756b16
若時得為人,
蠻狄無義理,
T14n0492bp0756b17
癡騃無孔竅,
跛躄瘂不語,
T14n0492bp0756b18
朦朧不達事,
惡惡相牽拘,
T14n0492bp0756b19
展轉眾徒聚,
禽獸六畜形;
T14n0492bp0756b20
為人所屠割,
剝皮視其喉,
T14n0492bp0756b21
歸償宿怨對,
以肉給還人。
T14n0492bp0756b22
無道墮惡道,
求脫甚為難,
T14n0492bp0756b23
人身既難得,
佛經難得聞。
T14n0492bp0756b24
世尊為眾祐,
三界皆蒙恩,
T14n0492bp0756b25
敷動甘露法,
令人普奉行。
T14n0492bp0756b26
哀哉已得慧,
愍念群萌故,
T14n0492bp0756b27
開通示道徑,
黠者即度苦。
T14n0492bp0756b28
福人在向向,
見諦學不生,
T14n0492bp0756b29
自歸大護田,
植種不死地。
T14n0492bp0756c01
恩大莫過佛,
世祐轉法輪,
T14n0492bp0756c02
願使一切人,
得服甘露漿。
T14n0492bp0756c03
慧船到彼岸,
法磬引大千,
T14n0492bp0756c04
彼我無有二,
發願無上真。」
T14n0492bp0756c05

阿難頌如是已,諸會大眾,一時信解,皆T14n0492bp0756c06發無上正真之道,僧那大鎧甘露之意,香T14n0492bp0756c07熏三千,從是得度,開示道地,為作橋梁。T14n0492bp0756c08國王、臣民、天龍、鬼神,聞經歡喜——阿難所T14n0492bp0756c09說,且悲且恐——稽首佛足,及禮阿難,受教T14n0492bp0756c10而去。

T14n0492bp0756c11

阿難問事佛吉凶經

經文依據 CBETA 2026.R2,本卷最後校訂 2025-01-30