天界覺浪盛禪師全錄
天界覺浪盛禪師全錄卷之三十三
天界覺浪盛禪師全錄卷之三十三
J34nB311_p0784b02J34nB311_p0784b03 J34nB311_p0784b04學庸宗旨
J34nB311_p0784b06《大學》總綱,只在明明德一句,其親民止善二句,只是J34nB311_p0784b07完其明明德之功用也。其原始要終之血脈工夫,全J34nB311_p0784b08在致知格物四字,此四字只當在本文上看教貫徹,J34nB311_p0784b09不必別尋枝指也。果能貫徹此四字,則明明德於天J34nB311_p0784b10下能事畢矣,豈更有內聖外王之道學哉?何則?自古J34nB311_p0784b11帝王若無格致之功,則與人同在昧昧,安能明明德J34nB311_p0784b12於天下?所謂天生蒸民,有物有則,民之秉彝,好是懿J34nB311_p0784b13德。雖則人皆性具明德,莫不有知,惟是聖人學道,始J34nB311_p0784b14有致知之功,知即明德之明也,致知即明明德也,即J34nB311_p0784b15顧諟天命,克明峻德,皆自明也。如無聖人之學,推而J34nB311_p0784b16致之,誰能知吾明德中之意當誠,心當正,身當修,家J34nB311_p0784b17當齊,國當治,天下當平哉?人皆性具天則,莫不因物J34nB311_p0784b18而用之,惟是聖人學道,始有格物之功,物即明德中J34nB311_p0784b19至善之▆則,而隨處皆見也。格物者,格通其故,而止J34nB311_p0784b20於至善之天則也,即敬止帥仁絜矩之道也。如無聖J34nB311_p0784b21人之學,止而格之,誰能使吾明德中之意必誠,心必J34nB311_p0784b22正,身必修,家必齊,國必治,天下必平哉?所以不曰致J34nB311_p0784b23知必先格物,而曰致知在格物者,須推明德中至善J34nB311_p0784b24之天則,纔是良知以顯良能也。又不曰知至而后物J34nB311_p0784b25格,而曰物格而后知至者,正以平心窮理,神而明之,J34nB311_p0784b26不為物蔽,亦不廢物,故能止明德中至善之天則,纔J34nB311_p0784b27是良能以顯良知之至也。所以大學之道,是知能不J34nB311_p0784b28二之全德也。在明明德,是先致其知也。在親民,是致J34nB311_p0784b29知在格物也。在止於至善,是物格而后知至也。知止,J34nB311_p0784b30是知至而意誠也。止而定,是心正也。定而靜,是身修J34nB311_p0784c01也。靜而安,是家齊也。安而慮,是國治也。慮而得,是天J34nB311_p0784c02下平也。如此致知,纔是使無訟,纔是毋自欺,纔是自J34nB311_p0784c03慊,纔是慎獨,纔是必誠其意而德潤心廣也。如此格J34nB311_p0784c04物,纔是大畏民志,纔是如惡惡臭、如好好色,纔是好J34nB311_p0784c05而知惡、惡而知美,纔是藏身以恕而能喻諸人,纔是J34nB311_p0784c06同民好惡,為天下絜矩也。自天子以至於庶人,壹是J34nB311_p0784c07皆以致知格物為修身之本也。所以致知即明德,格J34nB311_p0784c08物即親民,格致合一,即止於至善。康誥章首舉聖帝J34nB311_p0784c09明王,皆不外此明德。三代之君,皆能自明其德,與民J34nB311_p0784c10相親,故親之而已。傳中以桀紂失其為君之德,不能J34nB311_p0784c11親民,且陷民於濁亂,故湯武出而新之。蓋新民即新J34nB311_p0784c12君也,新命即自新也。是故君子親以處常,新以處變,J34nB311_p0784c13而無所不用其明德至善之極也。邦畿丘隅章,正引J34nB311_p0784c14之以明知所當止。如文王乃真知止者也,緝熙即明J34nB311_p0784c15明德也,敬止即止至善也,為人君臣父子與國人交,J34nB311_p0784c16皆得所止,即親民也。此非三在之宗旨乎?其次如武J34nB311_p0784c17公道學自修,即明明德也;恂慄威儀,即止至善也;道J34nB311_p0784c18盛德至善,與賢親樂利,即親民之不能忘也。於此亦J34nB311_p0784c19可曲盡其微旨矣。至於聽訟,乃格致之功也。迷亂之J34nB311_p0784c20情,莫過於訟。內則意之善惡不分,外則民之爭搆莫J34nB311_p0784c21決,皆是訟也。能通天下之情,以定天下之志,非知之J34nB311_p0784c22至、物之格,何能必也使無訟乎?故誠意章以毋自欺J34nB311_p0784c23為致知點眼,以惡臭好色為格物定衡。夫自慊莫慊J34nB311_p0784c24於毋欺,意誠莫誠於慎獨。慊則惟自欺,亦惟自然。小J34nB311_p0784c25人揜著一念,明知有善可好、不善可惡,并亦無能自J34nB311_p0784c26欺,正良知良能不容泯滅處,豈待十目十指其加嚴J34nB311_p0784c27乎?此德潤心廣,必誠其意,是皆格致之力也。夫格致,J34nB311_p0784c28誠意之功也;誠意,正心之用也;正心,修齊治平之體J34nB311_p0784c29也。此三者,同德異事,雖分不分。蓋意者心之所發,發J34nB311_p0784c30非格致而不誠;心者意之所主,主非意誠而不正。心J34nB311_p0785a01主正,則發與未發皆得乎中,而不偏於有無。故有所J34nB311_p0785a02則偏於有矣,不在則偏於無矣。身心各偏,何從得正?J34nB311_p0785a03內外無偏,則心自中正矣。此孔門傳授心法之秘旨J34nB311_p0785a04也。自天子以至於庶人,若不深明此體用功,以何為J34nB311_p0785a05修身之本哉?蓋一身之好惡,關家國天下,一有不修J34nB311_p0785a06而辟焉,則家不可齊矣,安能不出家以孝弟慈,而成J34nB311_p0785a07教於國以及天下乎?正以心誠則好惡胥正,而民聿J34nB311_p0785a08從,堯舜之治,治以此也。心不誠則所令反其所好,而J34nB311_p0785a09民不從,桀紂之暴,暴以此也。夫齊家治國平天下,只J34nB311_p0785a10在能推一人之好惡,以及上下前後左右,即是絜矩J34nB311_p0785a11之道,即是民之父母。故君子先慎乎德。慎德者,慎格J34nB311_p0785a12致也。格致慎則好惡明,好惡明則人土財用皆不悖J34nB311_p0785a13於常道,得眾得國,足以保我子孫黎民矣,又何有命J34nB311_p0785a14過拂人之性,與小人不以義為利,使菑害並至,以亂J34nB311_p0785a15天下之治哉?誠意章以好惡別君子小人之慊欺,即J34nB311_p0785a16平天下亦只以好惡定君子小人之義利,此吾所謂J34nB311_p0785a17格致為原始要終之血脈工夫。正於此可以見大道J34nB311_p0785a18之學之全功,在能知止於至善,以明明德於天下也。
J34nB311_p0785a19湯斯祜曰:「以明明德為顱,格致為目,好惡為骨,即J34nB311_p0785a20三綱八目,不煩註疏,一經九傳,一齊挈出。」
J34nB311_p0785a21一部中庸之大宗旨,全在性道教三句。性之一字,乃J34nB311_p0785a22天然本有,不屬修成,特標之為宗本也。道教二字,乃J34nB311_p0785a23屬率修,而率修之功,全在慎獨致中和五字。蓋性非J34nB311_p0785a24率而天命不中,道非修而性命不和,中和之道非慎J34nB311_p0785a25獨不致。提起慎獨,則率修之功在其中矣。子思作《中J34nB311_p0785a26庸》之意,正見得天地人物不中和,則不能成位育,以J34nB311_p0785a27使各正性命。致中和之道,非慎獨之功不能;慎獨之J34nB311_p0785a28旨,非修道之教不知;修道之旨,非率性之宗於天命J34nB311_p0785a29則無本。是故率修之宗旨,全在不睹不聞處以慎其J34nB311_p0785a30獨,而不徇喜怒哀樂之情以致中和,則天地人物皆J34nB311_p0785b01得位育,而各率性命之正也。故其第二章首節,即提J34nB311_p0785b02仲尼曰:「君子中庸,小人反中庸。」中庸即率性而中和J34nB311_p0785b03也,反中庸即不率性而不中和也。君子時中,即能慎J34nB311_p0785b04獨率性,而無太過不及之道也。小人無忌憚,即不能J34nB311_p0785b05戒懼慎獨,各自徇情,成太過不及,而反中和之道也。J34nB311_p0785b06故孔子曰:「中庸其至乎,民鮮能久矣。」此數等人,皆各J34nB311_p0785b07有君臣父子之倫,皆各有智仁勇之德,日用倫常,何J34nB311_p0785b08曾須臾離此道?但彼未聞修道之教,未有慎獨之功,J34nB311_p0785b09故習焉而不察耳。欲斯道之明,與斯道之行,必須如J34nB311_p0785b10舜之問察用中,回之能擇中和,服膺勿失,方謂之飲J34nB311_p0785b11食其中,悠然知味耳。一有予智之心,正自陷於意見,J34nB311_p0785b12而不能擇守,安能如舜之大智若愚,回之大仁若訥,J34nB311_p0785b13而虛下拳拳乎?此所謂中庸之智仁勇,終不可能也。J34nB311_p0785b14若子路之問強,尚於南北有不相及,敢望君子和不J34nB311_p0785b15流、中不倚之強乎?素隱行怪之太過,偏執隱也;半途J34nB311_p0785b16而廢之不及,偏執費也。唯聖者夫焉有所倚,而能依J34nB311_p0785b17率性之中庸,此夫子不自居。看前之吾弗為,吾弗已,J34nB311_p0785b18則知此實夫子始能之也。故夫子又提出費而隱,以J34nB311_p0785b19顯天地聖人同一中和位育之道,本乎最微,而夫婦J34nB311_p0785b20之愚不肖,可以與知與能,此正聖人如天地之能與J34nB311_p0785b21鳶飛魚躍,各遂其天命之機。人能上下察之,豈不與J34nB311_p0785b22聖人天地同其大哉?故君子之道,必造端於夫婦之J34nB311_p0785b23能知能行,始能察到聖人至誠神化,與天地之化育J34nB311_p0785b24同功,真費而隱也。夫如是,則天地本無知能,所可知J34nB311_p0785b25能者,時行物生,鳶飛魚躍,各遂其趣,即天地之大德,J34nB311_p0785b26即生生不易之機,即至誠無息之化也。人能如此察J34nB311_p0785b27到聖人與天地相同處,則聖人亦無知能,所可知能J34nB311_p0785b28者,與夫婦同知、夫婦同能,使彼各遂其倫常日用,正J34nB311_p0785b29是求己治己,以人治人之道,初不曾以君父兄朋求J34nB311_p0785b30全,責備於子臣弟友也。此夫子之求未能,正如天地J34nB311_p0785c01之有所不知、有所不能,始能與人物同其化育,而相J34nB311_p0785c02忘於至誠之大道也。蓋此費隱之道,原不遠人,惟戒J34nB311_p0785c03懼慎獨,反求諸己者之言行相顧,素位自安,則自不J34nB311_p0785c04願外,自無怨尤,無入而不自得焉。此雖於費行隱,而J34nB311_p0785c05實於隱行費也。夫隱之費,微之顯,即造高遠自卑邇,J34nB311_p0785c06格父母自妻子也,豈非鬼神之德誠之不可揜者乎?J34nB311_p0785c07不見不聞,孰為體之?上下與左右之如在,孰為使之?J34nB311_p0785c08此處是真隱微,真見顯,可見鬼神即獨,獨止一誠,誠J34nB311_p0785c09不可揜,即是致中和而成位育。其惟舜之大孝大德,J34nB311_p0785c10乃能感天地、徵鬼神,而受天佑命也。蓋舜能以至誠J34nB311_p0785c11慎獨,求己盡孝,不求於父母兄弟,所謂行隱於察,以J34nB311_p0785c12至察乎天地鬼神,而德位與天地化育參同,神化又J34nB311_p0785c13豈復有遺憾乎?其次則莫如文王也,文王亦以至誠J34nB311_p0785c14慎獨而求諸己,不求君臣父子,而自能純德如天,使J34nB311_p0785c15武王纘緒而有天下,使周公繼述成文武之德。其達J34nB311_p0785c16孝之道,全在有志可繼、有事可述,所以制禮作樂,事J34nB311_p0785c17帝祀先,孝無不至,是非文武周公之慎獨而致中和、J34nB311_p0785c18成位育乎?然此舜文之道,皆是誠者,自誠明謂之性,J34nB311_p0785c19乃天之道也,所以不勉而中、不思而得,從容中道,因J34nB311_p0785c20性而垂教於天下者也。此下哀公問政,孔子以文武J34nB311_p0785c21之政具在人舉,正是誠之者人之道也,使其擇善固J34nB311_p0785c22執,因教率性,而正天命也,故先告以取人以身之道。J34nB311_p0785c23須知人知天,以三達德,行五達道,而列生知學困,安J34nB311_p0785c24行利勉,為修身治人之本。其為天下國家,提九經為J34nB311_p0785c25要領,其行九經之本,又在一修身,故又告之以誠身J34nB311_p0785c26明善,必學問、思辨、篤行而後能致此中和之道也。故J34nB311_p0785c27惟至誠而後始能盡己盡人盡物,與天地參。然則必J34nB311_p0785c28須次第推而致之,始能曲盡其誠也。所謂曲能有誠,J34nB311_p0785c29以誠則著,是能盡其性也;著則明,是能盡人之性也;J34nB311_p0785c30明則動,是能盡物之性也;動則變,是可以贊天地之J34nB311_p0786a01化育也;變則化,是可以與天地參也。故唯天下至誠J34nB311_p0786a02為能化,如此又何國家之興亡禍福有不先知如神J34nB311_p0786a03乎?所以誠非自成自道,乃成物之終始,為可貴也。使J34nB311_p0786a04其不誠,則天地人物之幾亦息矣,何有博厚高明悠J34nB311_p0786a05久之可徵哉?如此則為物不貳之獨,生物不測之中,J34nB311_p0786a06豈不可以一言至誠,盡天地人物之無窮廣厚乎?蓋J34nB311_p0786a07天地人物統於一誠,而合於聖人之至誠,於穆不己,J34nB311_p0786a08所以為天之至誠;不顯之德之純,亦於穆不已,所以J34nB311_p0786a09為文之至誠。大哉之道,至育物峻天,必須待至德之J34nB311_p0786a10人始凝,至道豈可苟哉?故君子尊德性而道問學,知J34nB311_p0786a11性命也;致廣大而盡精微,知天人也;極高明而道中J34nB311_p0786a12庸,知修道也;溫故而知新,知慎獨也;敦厚以崇禮,知J34nB311_p0786a13致中和也。知此則不驕不倍,既明且哲,何身之不可J34nB311_p0786a14保哉?然愚賤不知聖人修道慎獨之教,故無忌憚而J34nB311_p0786a15自用自專,又不知聖人率性中和之道,故儹越妄作J34nB311_p0786a16而災及其身。可不慎乎?是故非德位時之三重,安敢J34nB311_p0786a17議禮度文,與斯民同寡過乎?此唯明善誠身之君子,J34nB311_p0786a18參天俟聖,為世所信從,始能永譽於天下也。繇是推J34nB311_p0786a19之,自生民以來,獨有仲尼,乃為道教之主,天人之師。J34nB311_p0786a20故能祖述堯舜,為中道之正始;憲章文武,為和道之J34nB311_p0786a21正終。小德川流,大德敦化,此仲尼與天地之所以為J34nB311_p0786a22大也。夫至聖之至誠,有不聞之聰,不睹之明,不顯見J34nB311_p0786a23之睿智焉。於獨中而正己,於有臨而正天下,故能溥J34nB311_p0786a24博淵泉,而洋溢尊親。此亦唯仲尼之至誠,足與天地J34nB311_p0786a25同其神化也。亦唯天下至誠慎獨,為能經綸大經,立J34nB311_p0786a26大本,知大化,故曰配天。至誠至於配天,又焉有所倚J34nB311_p0786a27乎?所謂達天者,正於慎獨之中,闇然而日章,非的然J34nB311_p0786a28而有疚也。故於暗室屋漏,自能不動而敬,不言而信。J34nB311_p0786a29非不顯之德、中和之至,安能使百辟其刑,篤恭而天J34nB311_p0786a30下平哉?統而收之,不外於慎獨致中和,返於吾之至J34nB311_p0786b01誠,而神化於不睹不聞,無聲無臭,以達上天之載,天J34nB311_p0786b02命之性,為萬化之統宗也。可見天即是性,性即是誠,J34nB311_p0786b03誠即是獨。慎獨者,人盡而天不能外,故自天而之人。J34nB311_p0786b04誠之者,則自人而之天。凡人不知,藉聖人始知,故言J34nB311_p0786b05教。聖人之道,不遠於人,故言道。道之大原出於天,故J34nB311_p0786b06言天。豈非聖人立教,知天知人,天人合一之原本哉?
J34nB311_p0786b07湯斯祜曰:「發明天人合一,頓漸二門俱可不立。」
J34nB311_p0786b08《戴記》四十九篇,先儒程、朱獨表章《大學》、《中庸》二篇J34nB311_p0786b09為之章句,遂與《論》、《孟》列為四書;於是聖門相傳授J34nB311_p0786b10受之心法,其旨具備。宋儒之功,所以大於漢儒也。J34nB311_p0786b11二書同異,亦有可得而言。大學言德,中庸言性;大J34nB311_p0786b12學言格物,中庸言致中和;大學言知,中庸言能;大J34nB311_p0786b13學言止,中庸言行。大學言治,其言近而顯,極鉅而J34nB311_p0786b14無外;中庸言道,其言遠而微,極細而無間。此其異J34nB311_p0786b15也。大學言慎獨,中庸亦言慎獨;大學言至善,中庸J34nB311_p0786b16亦言明善;大學言誠意,中庸亦言誠身;大學言本,J34nB311_p0786b17中庸亦言大本;大學言仁,中庸兼言仁知勇;大學J34nB311_p0786b18言恕,中庸兼言忠恕;大學言齊家、治國、平天下,中J34nB311_p0786b19庸亦言夫婦、子臣、弟友、九經、三重以及篤恭而天J34nB311_p0786b20下平。此其同也。大學言大,雖身心意知之事不為J34nB311_p0786b21小;中庸言庸,雖鬼神百世之事不為奇。大學始人J34nB311_p0786b22而終天,故明德、新民以至於新命;中庸始天而終J34nB311_p0786b23人,故天命、率性以至於立教。此其同而異、異而同J34nB311_p0786b24也。雖然,舉世童而習之,白首而不窺其閫奧,矧夫J34nB311_p0786b25三教既分,末流逾遠,詘佛而伸儒,與夫抑儒而崇J34nB311_p0786b26佛者,其徒若東西易轂、燕越背塗,交馳而不知所J34nB311_p0786b27極,孰與論宗旨之同異哉?徑山覺大師植根香國,J34nB311_p0786b28授莂靈山,三乘夙圓,十地齊攝,雷音轟於震旦,法J34nB311_p0786b29雨並於曹溪。拈花擊竹,無非微玅之宗;豎拂擎拳,J34nB311_p0786b30盡是神明之教。顧心通萬法,智會一原,不以佛道J34nB311_p0786c01之幽玄,而笑儒門之澹泊,謂此《學》、《庸》二書,非獨治J34nB311_p0786c02世之準繩,而亦出世之心印也。為儒不可不知,為J34nB311_p0786c03僧亦不可不知,特自拈為宗旨,以示後學。其上座J34nB311_p0786c04屬余為序,余不辭固陋,竊效丹鉛,輒弁數言於首。J34nB311_p0786c05大師尚有論易、論學及講學、道治諸篇,其言皆中J34nB311_p0786c06正易簡,始終條貫,揭明天人性命之宗,而無玄虛J34nB311_p0786c07似是之說。昔張無垢為《論語》作頌,乃儒而禪也。今J34nB311_p0786c08大師宗旨,直起孔、顏於旦暮,覿曾、思於同堂,能發J34nB311_p0786c09程、朱諸大儒所未發,佛學之有功聖學,詎不於此J34nB311_p0786c10見哉?丙戌,居廬復菴弟子楊廷樞題於真如塢中。
圜中衍義儒宗三寶圖
J34nB311_p0786c12渾沌未分時,獨賴此盤古老子,出大手眼而開闢之。J34nB311_p0786c13於是兩儀既判,三皇之才始立,五帝之行始全,化育J34nB311_p0786c14之道始足。至此天運如日方中,其有生必有剋,人物J34nB311_p0786c15始得反情復性。故禹以平水土而成天地之功,湯武J34nB311_p0786c16以用征誅而應天人之變。至周末有孔子,始終一貫,J34nB311_p0786c17以收拾造化之權,而天地人物之道,至此大備,無復J34nB311_p0786c18加矣。夫古人之所以為聖神者,直在自為之而已矣。J34nB311_p0786c19今人之性靈中,莫不有一盤古,統此十二聖心,周旋J34nB311_p0786c20于時中。苟能覺察之,則於生動時,不為狂陽發散其J34nB311_p0786c21精氣,且能慎獨以致中和;至死靜時,不為幽鬼沉迷J34nB311_p0786c22其誠明,且能率性以歸天命。夫如是,又何古今之同J34nB311_p0786c23異哉?因倣出世法,特揭出聖教師作三寶,為天下萬J34nB311_p0786c24世之當皈依者為圖,以配四衍義,誠儒宗始終之標J34nB311_p0786c25旨也。有具手眼君子,當必有自寶者在。
J34nB311_p0786c26戊子,師在太平圜中拈心經金剛,後又著河圖、洛J34nB311_p0786c27書、先後天八卦衍義,而先作三寶圖,歸于一圓圖。J34nB311_p0786c28大哉旨乎,正欲人即行布是圓融,而與民同患,乃J34nB311_p0786c29其所以為至密也。小子入候,錄此以歸。學人大中J34nB311_p0786c30陳丹衷識。
J34nB311_p0787a01教寶
J34nB311_p0787a02
聖寶
J34nB311_p0787a12
師寶
J34nB311_p0787a22
自開闢來,神聖繼天立極、參贊位育者,始終不過盤J34nB311_p0787b02古統十二人,如一日有十二時,一年有十二月,推之J34nB311_p0787b03萬古,常不忒也。特立此圖,懸象昭示,則吾與萬世聖J34nB311_p0787b04神儼然同堂未散,可不自觀自察而奮勵之哉?今人J34nB311_p0787b05所以不能為神聖者,以心幾不能精一,師法不能時J34nB311_p0787b06中,知行不能大成,所以人心愈殘,治道愈亂,世情愈J34nB311_p0787b07迷,終難反古也。神聖能善用易道而自治治人,以知J34nB311_p0787b08陰陽偏勝而成迷亂,乃使剛柔相濟、水火交資,故性J34nB311_p0787b09情中和而天地化育也。使人能一心皈依此聖教師,J34nB311_p0787b10于十二時中不至偏勝,則人心可純、道術可正,長夜J34nB311_p0787b11可以復旦矣。孟子云:「養心莫善于寡欲。」正以世人多J34nB311_p0787b12欲而自雜亂,故不能帥一其志氣以充塞乎天地。所J34nB311_p0787b13以古之欲明明德於天下者,必先專其格致而寡其J34nB311_p0787b14所欲,始能充此大欲以從心而不踰矩也。噫!此九一J34nB311_p0787b15之宗,庸詎非萬古寡君寡師之所以寡欲寡過于天J34nB311_p0787b16下之道也哉?
J34nB311_p0787b17人者,天地之心。人不立極而用時宜,則立天之道、J34nB311_p0787b18立地之道,又是誰耶?《易》曰:「天下之理得而成位乎J34nB311_p0787b19中,溥博淵泉而時出之。」時中之幾,深哉神哉!十二J34nB311_p0787b20時藏閏為十三,則數度之幾也。門人大然識。
J34nB311_p0787b21河圖
J34nB311_p0787b22
河圖衍義
J34nB311_p0787c02河圖、洛書,各具先天後天體用,互相參兩,錯綜而成J34nB311_p0787c03太極之性德,即人心中皆具太極,陰陽五行,互相生J34nB311_p0787c04成,秩序變化,本性天然如是也。如為君為師者,必須J34nB311_p0787c05于未發之前省察,一念纔動,皆當互具五德而不偏J34nB311_p0787c06陷,則能致中和而參贊位育,使天下古今皆得成此J34nB311_p0787c07性命之正矣。
J34nB311_p0787c08河圖,天包地也,一六三八,二七四九,運于四方,五與J34nB311_p0787c09十居中,以圓涵方。天道下降,陽生于下,始北次東,故J34nB311_p0787c10一與三生數居之;自內而外,歷南終西,故七與九成J34nB311_p0787c11數居之。地道上升,陰生于上,始南次西,故二與四生J34nB311_p0787c12數居之;自內而外,歷北終東,故六與八成數居之。
J34nB311_p0787c13一六水表智之淵,二七火表禮之明,三八木表仁之J34nB311_p0787c14生,四九金表義之成,五十土表信之蘊,此概也。一行J34nB311_p0787c15各具五行,一德各具五德,隨舉可見,而言不頓彰,故J34nB311_p0787c16不得不配以表之。乾止言四德,而藏中旋邊,元亨利J34nB311_p0787c17貞,以信土而居智水之位,下襲即以上律,而乾知大J34nB311_p0787c18始之智以統之,故曰乾元亨利貞。孔子以春夏秋冬J34nB311_p0787c19表之,而坤以西南東北盤之,實則縱橫上下,無中無J34nB311_p0787c20邊,而宇中有宙、宙中有宇,合觀而總別一際矣。聰明J34nB311_p0787c21睿智,至誠有臨,非天藏中土,人受中生,一點靈明,本J34nB311_p0787c22不可欺,為信知大始之乾乎?文理密察,智能折攝,蓋J34nB311_p0787c23致廣大必盡精微,蒙泉習坎,潛用之幾,貴過冬關,而J34nB311_p0787c24十二時皆子時也。齋莊中正,禮以相見,合內外而適J34nB311_p0787c25品節,克復之後,交泰文明矣。寬裕溫柔,春和長養,帝J34nB311_p0787c26出震而轉巽風,金木相刑,以克制為成器,而學問冥J34nB311_p0787c27升,全樹全仁,享其花實矣。發強剛毅,義能裁成,執精J34nB311_p0787c28一而措時宜,金剛純粹,即博即約,麗澤收成,大矣哉!J34nB311_p0787c29大抵卯酉日月之門,仁包義決,所以藏智用于北,而J34nB311_p0787c30顯復禮于南也。子午南北之樞,智崇而潛于下學,禮J34nB311_p0788a01卑而峻極光明,所以主春秋之中和,而享其生成也。J34nB311_p0788a02天藏土中,人受其蘊,中以旁通坤艮,補二氣之有餘J34nB311_p0788a03不足,而燥潤交濟,號曰環中,苟舍四時,寧有歲乎?此J34nB311_p0788a04河洛以中五約示,而統類皆備,惜人習不察耳。
J34nB311_p0788a05就天地生成之數而衍之,一多費隱,先後玅協,顯仁J34nB311_p0788a06藏用,代明錯行,中邊回互,歷然寂然。先聖表出,使人J34nB311_p0788a07觀玩引觸,原始反終,而慎危微精一之幾也。德性本J34nB311_p0788a08具,但不能終日乾乾,以自尊之修辭立誠,而問學知J34nB311_p0788a09味耳。去聖時遙,賴此神象微言,或有觀感而興起也J34nB311_p0788a10夫。
J34nB311_p0788a11洛書
J34nB311_p0788a12
洛書衍義
J34nB311_p0788a22洛書以九為宗,以中為體,以一為元。一是陽之始,智J34nB311_p0788a23水初生為始覺,乃潛龍之來復。三是陽之少,仁木方J34nB311_p0788a24長為自覺,乃見龍之帝出。七是陽之壯,義金正堅為J34nB311_p0788a25覺他,乃惕躍之乘時。九是陽之終,禮火還原為滿覺,J34nB311_p0788a26乃亢龍之用九。上位乃後天離、先天乾,聖人居之則J34nB311_p0788a27尊高無輔,小人居之則過亢傲驕,是以動而有悔。惟J34nB311_p0788a28能用九使天道下濟,則位育光明矣。故五為陽之中,J34nB311_p0788a29信土大成為正覺,乃飛龍之出治。蓋陰為陽所統,陽J34nB311_p0788a30能始終用九以見天,則陰必能始終用六順承天行。J34nB311_p0788b01故陰以從九君而喪其陰朋,為陽之用臣,以終于東J34nB311_p0788b02北之有慶。二是陰之始,而側居西南,以九陽終于午J34nB311_p0788b03中,而陰承午中生之為姤,而側居傍隅。在河圖雖居J34nB311_p0788b04正午,而在上九之下,為臣奉君之象,故乘得陽火之J34nB311_p0788b05餘,如月之無光,以承日之陽為光,故地二屬火。于洛J34nB311_p0788b06書側居西南,為先天巽、後天坤,皆得臣子遜順之義。J34nB311_p0788b07以非禮勿視,輔禮而履霜。四是陰之少,側居東南,為J34nB311_p0788b08先天兌,後天巽。以非禮勿言,輔仁而括囊。八是陰之J34nB311_p0788b09壯,側居東北,為先天震,後天艮。以非禮勿動,輔信而J34nB311_p0788b10含章。六是陰之中,側居西北,為先天艮,後天乾。以非J34nB311_p0788b11禮勿聽,輔智而直方。十是陰之終,伏而不見。在河圖J34nB311_p0788b12則具十而輔五居中,在洛書用九而攝之。故十陰有J34nB311_p0788b13美,而推之于君,不敢自居為德。蓋臣子為股肱之任,J34nB311_p0788b14惟暢于四支而成事業。故孔子以大哉乾元之君,稱J34nB311_p0788b15唐堯虞舜能則天。以至哉坤元之德,稱泰伯文王能J34nB311_p0788b16忠孝。而天尊地卑,八卦成列,於人倫之道,各有定位J34nB311_p0788b17矣。吾以尊火為宗,蓋火乃乾陽上載之九,無極之元,J34nB311_p0788b18是天之明命,為先天資始之主。潛于太極,為九五之J34nB311_p0788b19黃中,以能通理而資生萬物。故後天之陰陽五行,皆J34nB311_p0788b20從此為時出。故中庸以至誠為經綸天下之大經,立J34nB311_p0788b21天下之大本,知天地之化育。所謂肫肫其仁者,指此J34nB311_p0788b22中體為潛龍勿用之地,是未發之中也。淵淵其淵者,J34nB311_p0788b23是此陽龍之進德修業,欲乘時而上升也。浩浩其天J34nB311_p0788b24者,是此龍飛于九五,與天地合其德位,而化育萬物,J34nB311_p0788b25正為君以治天下,為師以教天下之時也。學聖人者,J34nB311_p0788b26必以上天之九為宗,太極之中為體,以坎中一陽為J34nB311_p0788b27元,則致知慎獨,不昧天地之心矣。故古之欲明明德J34nB311_p0788b28于天下,必先自致其知。能知此天一之智水所自出,J34nB311_p0788b29則能生仁木、生禮火、生信土、生義金,以至全五性之J34nB311_p0788b30德。今人不能逆知未發之中,安知危微精一之本于J34nB311_p0788c01慎獨哉。能知獨中有此神明之火,為吾上載無聲無J34nB311_p0788c02臭之天心,則知天道必須下降為二五之衷,然後溥J34nB311_p0788c03博淵泉而時出之,則可為民秉彝之有物有則也。人J34nB311_p0788c04既不知未發,又烏知方發之仁義禮智,為喜怒哀樂J34nB311_p0788c05而發,皆能中節哉。十化為一,用九于中,圖四破而書J34nB311_p0788c06加八,邊常顯而中常隱,河洛本不二也。吾先就人指J34nB311_p0788c07之,九為天命本覺之性,中為率性之德,一為慎獨之J34nB311_p0788c08幾。雖然如是,須時時觀象玩辭,返躬省習,以至得意J34nB311_p0788c09忘言,神純功化,千聖不傳之密,天地造化之權,皆備J34nB311_p0788c10于我九一之宗旨矣。
J34nB311_p0788c11準伏羲先天八卦會孔聖配大學宗旨
J34nB311_p0788c12
準文王後天八卦會乾象配中庸宗旨
J34nB311_p0788c22
先天明體而用,卦爻自內而生;後天明用而體,卦爻J34nB311_p0789a02自外而生。此太極、兩儀、四象、八卦,及六十四爻爻,皆J34nB311_p0789a03具太極體用。在人之性命心身,與物形世界,無論太J34nB311_p0789a04小正偏,亦莫不全具太極體用。以人不自知,故念念J34nB311_p0789a05昧此體用。惟聖人於念念爻爻,知慎此獨,故能率修J34nB311_p0789a06而參天地;於念念爻爻,精一此中,故能致格而享天J34nB311_p0789a07命也。
J34nB311_p0789a08有畫以後,皆後天也。先何在乎?神明者,即此後天而J34nB311_p0789a09先天不違也。綱宗既明,其本自立。時行擊節,善用者J34nB311_p0789a10誰?世以羲、文分先天、後天八卦久矣,故因而衍之。
J34nB311_p0789a11是甚麼
J34nB311_p0789a12
聖人未作易,此易理具在天地造物、人生性情之中。J34nB311_p0789a22既作易,則天地造物、人生性情具在易理之內。既已J34nB311_p0789a23具在彼中,何更作此易乎?善哉!正欲人知作易之故J34nB311_p0789a24也。天地造物是氣化所成,雖歷古今之變而不忒。人J34nB311_p0789a25生則有性情私欲,或變為狂、為迷、為僭、為逆,有至滅J34nB311_p0789a26身、滅頂、敗國者。聖人憂之,故法天地造化之無私,準J34nB311_p0789a27陰陽變易之不忒,設象繫辭,使人觀玩以返情而化J34nB311_p0789a28私,率性以合道而還天命之真常。是則聖人之功高J34nB311_p0789a29天地,以能設教也。易者,古今設教之祖也。易不設太J34nB311_p0789a30極而首設乾坤者,太極乃天命真常之體,本無為也。J34nB311_p0789b01人生之私欲,以情也。乾坤能率情于性,則太極本自J34nB311_p0789b02天然于其中矣。是故設乾坤以明天地人物因性情J34nB311_p0789b03之動靜為變易。性元不變而情變,情有動靜、有善惡、J34nB311_p0789b04有吉凶、有逆順,以故繼善官天而設教,祗是收攝調J34nB311_p0789b05治其情欲,使千變萬化不失其性之本常而已。以故J34nB311_p0789b06乾坤為八八始終綱領,乾坤綱領惟在用九、用六之J34nB311_p0789b07一用字。能用此一用字,則千聖設教之本、率性之功J34nB311_p0789b08皆在是矣。百姓小人又何知有此用哉?如乾初九不J34nB311_p0789b09能用九,則潛龍既為妄所用,不能慎獨于未發,則不J34nB311_p0789b10能于九二出見,有利見之文明也。二不能用九,則于J34nB311_p0789b11三不能乾乾行事,以至于躍也。四不能用九,以進退J34nB311_p0789b12修德,則不能于九五飛天而出治也。五不能用九,則J34nB311_p0789b13不能于亢而無悔也。上亢能用九,則不以尊貴自傲,J34nB311_p0789b14禮絕百僚而為頂墮,又能以乾道下濟為復、泰、姤、坤,J34nB311_p0789b15以承順天行也。坤初六不能用六,則不免于履霜為J34nB311_p0789b16堅冰,如臣子不能以微漸自戒,而弒逆滅身矣。惟初J34nB311_p0789b17六能用,則于二為直方,于三為含章,于四為括囊,于J34nB311_p0789b18五為元吉,于六則無嫌疑也。龍戰之象,天道人事皆J34nB311_p0789b19有勢極之候,惟藏用九于用六者,能知而調御之,故J34nB311_p0789b20曰六十四卦,卦卦是一大公案,爻爻是一小公案。能J34nB311_p0789b21用于未發而神純者,乃大聖大賢,為元亨利亨也。用J34nB311_p0789b22于方發而中節者,乃賢人君子之吉利貞無咎也。用J34nB311_p0789b23于已發而遷改者,乃善人平人,可悔吝之災不害也。J34nB311_p0789b24不能用者,則無忌憚行險小人,小則為悔為吝,大則J34nB311_p0789b25為凶災為敗亡也。蓋有百姓之慎修焉,有宰輔之慎J34nB311_p0789b26修焉,有善人君子之慎修焉,有大聖大賢為君為師J34nB311_p0789b27之慎修焉,有一世君師之慎修焉,有為天下萬世君J34nB311_p0789b28師之慎修焉,此作易之諸大聖,蓋與天地古今而無J34nB311_p0789b29息者也。其道甚大,百物不廢,懼以終始,其要無咎。此J34nB311_p0789b30中條理,歷然寂然,誰是靜正而神明其故者乎?
靈山公衍
J34nB311_p0789c02李盤問曰:「伏羲止畫方圓圖,不說太極,何也?」師曰:「大J34nB311_p0789c03易不說太極,首說乾坤者,太極不離陰陽,離陰陽無J34nB311_p0789c04太極也。舉陽則陰在陽中,舉陰則陽在陰中,惟乾坤J34nB311_p0789c05無變易,純一統天,其餘六子則破體不純而有變易,J34nB311_p0789c06然亦不離乎陰陽太極。欲深明此宗旨,須先明太極J34nB311_p0789c07為第一層,陰陽為第二層,有悟一不成二不是者乎?J34nB311_p0789c08不必語矣。此話且住,今就第二層中,當約二儀、四象、J34nB311_p0789c09八卦為內三層,十六卦、三十二卦、六十四卦為外三J34nB311_p0789c10層,是謂六虛實,無內外。過此已往,則重重涉入,巧曆J34nB311_p0789c11所不能計也。雖然,饒有千層萬層,祗是兼三才而交J34nB311_p0789c12其三其兩,秪是第一層中沖深含攝之寂感也。寂感J34nB311_p0789c13之妙,即出于如來藏心,能妙悟之,何分儒釋?」郝子荊J34nB311_p0789c14曰:「如我輩圍老人坐,豈非各各占一卦耶?」師曰:「人人J34nB311_p0789c15物物各具大易全體,不特一身具一太極,即一毛孔J34nB311_p0789c16亦具一太極。汝纔發一兆,便落一卦,動一爻矣。汝一J34nB311_p0789c17念未兆,即伏羲、神禹、文王、周、孔亦無處窺測得汝,亦J34nB311_p0789c18無處彖象得汝,亦無一毫端可名太極者,況彼孫臏、J34nB311_p0789c19鬼谷空搖龜殼,其奈汝何?所謂吉凶悔吝生乎動。幾J34nB311_p0789c20者,動之微也。幾微不動,何生死、吉凶、善惡、苦樂之有?J34nB311_p0789c21是故聖人慎獨於未發,絕對待於睹聞聲臭之前。今J34nB311_p0789c22人既不慎獨,則隱微無主,肆念妄行,徒被他卦爻彖J34nB311_p0789c23象吉凶悔吝之所顛倒錯亂而已。是故聖帝明王之J34nB311_p0789c24道,皆取法于易,以致中和。易有不易則得中,不易有J34nB311_p0789c25易則得和。惟堯舜能允執厥中而和平,故能知人心J34nB311_p0789c26之危,道心之微。危微乃出入之幾,即天人之際也,可J34nB311_p0789c27但以人欲為險危解耶?天而不人,則能位而不能育;J34nB311_p0789c28人而不天,則能育而不能位。惟位乎中,則能育乎和;J34nB311_p0789c29惟位乎和,則能育乎中。吾嘗曰:堯舜之前,法度不齊,J34nB311_p0789c30荒唐不可述也;文武之後,法度大亂,支離不可憲也。J34nB311_p0790a01惟堯舜為中道之正始,故孔子祖述之;惟文武為和J34nB311_p0790a02道之正終,故孔子憲章之。上律下襲,于易已見。河洛J34nB311_p0790a03卦策,皆本然之條理,一貫可徵者也。俯仰遠近,莫不J34nB311_p0790a04同然。所謂法住法位,一切見成,代明錯行,覆載本具,J34nB311_p0790a05豈人力可造作哉?孔子生于周末,功高堯舜,文武正J34nB311_p0790a06在此時,顏曾思孟繼其後,使孔子之道大明,亦不愧J34nB311_p0790a07為弟子。三代而後,無幾人能窺其門墻,況有能窺其J34nB311_p0790a08堂奧者乎?」盤再拜請曰:「孔子之集大成,猶今日吾師J34nB311_p0790a09之明大易也。吾師開佛祖之面目,儒者未見為奇;惟J34nB311_p0790a10吾師開周孔之面目,儒者乃見為奇。幸勿吝慈悲,再J34nB311_p0790a11示大易之道,了此身心性命之法。」師曰:「諸公知大易J34nB311_p0790a12之道,本末不異、體用一如乎?體中有用,人不能見其J34nB311_p0790a13用,感而後見其用;用中有體,人不能見其體,寂而後J34nB311_p0790a14見其體。所謂寂然不動,體也,心性之理也;感而遂通,J34nB311_p0790a15用也,生死之法也。即感而寂,無生死之用,不為心性J34nB311_p0790a16之體;即寂而感,無心性之體,不為生死之用。感而非J34nB311_p0790a17感,生死寂然;寂而非寂,心性明妙。但世人只知後天J34nB311_p0790a18六層,八八六十四卦,盤面上趨避進退,不知即卦即J34nB311_p0790a19爻上透底,一針刺到根柢。先天一層,太極上一幾未J34nB311_p0790a20動之先,則本無陰陽,八八淆然也。惟吾真宗,不於盤J34nB311_p0790a21面上橫蕩而行,遇一卦,遇一爻,只是一針透底,則彼J34nB311_p0790a22吉者不能吉、凶者不能凶,陰者不能陰、陽者不能陽,J34nB311_p0790a23處處逢歸路、頭頭達故鄉,一根既返源,六根成解脫,J34nB311_p0790a24又何根根塵塵非常住真心哉?又何千波萬浪非一J34nB311_p0790a25水,千器萬皿非一金哉?能如此透悟根宗,先天自我J34nB311_p0790a26立命而天不違,後天自我順命而奉天時矣。雖然,不J34nB311_p0790a27可以我透針之言,瞎錐亂刺,不向自己性命上透脫。J34nB311_p0790a28如今人之用棒喝,是底也一棒喝,非底也一棒喝,更J34nB311_p0790a29無展事投機、生殺與奪之妙。如此瞎亂相欺,則千古J34nB311_p0790a30佛祖聖賢之大經大法,皆是一個儱侗東瓜禪,盲瞽J34nB311_p0790b01泥塊法,何有精一微危之妙道,能致中和位育乎?嗚J34nB311_p0790b02呼!安得洗心于密,極深研幾者,相與發明此道,以報J34nB311_p0790b03先聖之恩也耶?」諸公大喜禮謝。
伏羲圓圖
J34nB311_p0790b05伏羲止畫此圖,未嘗標出太極。孔子標出之,而隨即J34nB311_p0790b06曰:「一陰一陽之謂道,繼之者善也,成之者性也。」祗如J34nB311_p0790b07此圖,何者是道?何者是善?何者是性耶?綸之則一卦J34nB311_p0790b08有一卦之時義,一爻有一爻之時義,絲毫不亂;彌之J34nB311_p0790b09則渾淪周遍,隨舉一物,皆全具也。神無方而物有則,J34nB311_p0790b10本自方圓同時,非默成神明者,孰能知之?
J34nB311_p0790b11方圓費隱同時總別先後一際
J34nB311_p0790b12
天界浪杖人全錄序
J34nB311_p0790c02何為而有天地?何為而有日月?何為而有山川、草木、J34nB311_p0790c03人物、牝牡之類?此理耶?事耶?誰為之甄陶點染,而色J34nB311_p0790c04相萬殊,不可名象,不可方物,不可治齊耶?又誰於不J34nB311_p0790c05可名象中,而強名之曰天地、日月、山川、艸木、人物、牝J34nB311_p0790c06牡,分之則庶其類,而合之則一其致耶?又誰於不可J34nB311_p0790c07方物中而方物之,不可治齊中而治齊之?此伏羲、神J34nB311_p0790c08農、堯、舜、禹、湯、文、武之所由作也。故君相者,所以裁成J34nB311_p0790c09天地之道,輔相天地之宜,以左右民者也。自天道有J34nB311_p0790c10所不行,不得已而立之君;君道有所不行,又不得已J34nB311_p0790c11而立之師。君以佐天道之窮,而師又以佐君道之窮。J34nB311_p0790c12誰為為之?道是也。誰為任之?孔子是也。乃孔子之道J34nB311_p0790c13亦有時而窮,而佛氏之教又起而翼之,斯道遂無復J34nB311_p0790c14有遺恨矣。斯道無遺恨,而天地始有遺快也。說者謂J34nB311_p0790c15佛氏興而孔子之道衰,不知孔子之道不衰於秦、漢J34nB311_p0790c16之後,而衰於戰國之初;不衰於佛氏之興,而衰於異J34nB311_p0790c17端之盛。異端者誰?楊、墨、鄉愿之屬是也。今天下之學J34nB311_p0790c18鄉愿者眾矣,學楊、朱者又眾矣,即求一墨子且不可J34nB311_p0790c19得,乃硬坐後起之佛氏以當之,曰此即異端也,豈不J34nB311_p0790c20冤哉!或曰:「若如言,則儒者之說非乎?」曰:「果為程、朱之J34nB311_p0790c21儒,則闢之可也,不闢亦可也。程、朱懼儒門之淡泊也,J34nB311_p0790c22故闢佛以存儒。然使天下之儒皆如程、朱,則佛且不J34nB311_p0790c23作矣,又何闢焉?天地仁愛之心,知後世之儒必不皆J34nB311_p0790c24如程、朱也,故復生一佛教以翼之,佛氏之有功於孔J34nB311_p0790c25門者大矣。儒者苟不能如程、朱,不必闢佛,且不妨學J34nB311_p0790c26佛。學佛而有得於吾道,自有妙協之理,非必捐棄父J34nB311_p0790c27母妻子,披緇入山而後為佛也。」但今佛氏之教抑又J34nB311_p0790c28窮耳,或執滯於因果輪迴,或偷息於幽閑冥漠,豈唯J34nB311_p0790c29未窺其堂奧,亦且未入其籓籬也。豈唯士大夫,即秉J34nB311_p0790c30其傳者、講師、座主既死於言下,拈椎豎拂亦逐於聲J34nB311_p0791a01影,求一大徹悟、大休歇人,曹溪而下,若德山、巖頭、汾J34nB311_p0791a02陽、慈明之流,已如披沙揀金,又安望其立言垂世,若J34nB311_p0791a03釋迦當年與孔氏之教並垂不朽乎?明啟、禎間,覺浪J34nB311_p0791a04盛禪師起於八閩,嗣法東苑,決幾壽昌,手挈祖印,肩J34nB311_p0791a05荷佛乘,年三十即開法於興化,道風遠振,海內傾仰,J34nB311_p0791a06名公鉅卿莫不入室扣擊,俯首皈心,而笑峰然、藥地J34nB311_p0791a07智二大士則以宰官身現比丘相,稱師之嫡骨真子J34nB311_p0791a08也,豈不盛哉!夫師於佛法凋落之日,能使斯道復興,J34nB311_p0791a09天下士大夫氣宇如王,不可一世者,莫不折節師事J34nB311_p0791a10之,以至兒童婦女、販鬻屠沽之流,亦莫不知天下有J34nB311_p0791a11覺浪和尚者,蓋由其雙選之法足以佐斯道之窮也。J34nB311_p0791a12鳴弱冠時,讀唐荊川左編,始知有宗門下事,遂讀之,J34nB311_p0791a13不忍釋手。及見洞山价祖傳,有喜則不無,譬如糞掃J34nB311_p0791a14堆頭,拾得一顆明珠話,胸中躍然,然無從質問。偶洞J34nB311_p0791a15山募僧至,示以孤岩和尚語錄,乃作書舉以問岩,岩J34nB311_p0791a16答云:「巒峰奇秀,鶴不停機。」余於此有省。後參煦杲照J34nB311_p0791a17禪師,相隨數載,每於一棒一喝中,見臨濟之大機大J34nB311_p0791a18用。壬辰,客白門,謁杖人於天界,蒙許入室,咨決種種J34nB311_p0791a19妙論,快所未曾。從此廓然四達,於儒釋分合之際,及J34nB311_p0791a20古人言句,了然無疑矣。故自六經、四子之書,以至三J34nB311_p0791a21藏十二部、諸子百家,與神仙養生之術,略一寓目,略J34nB311_p0791a22一拈提,即有水乳之妙,然後知杖人之為我至也。嗣J34nB311_p0791a23後見諸善知識,不可勝記,然更求如杖人者,未有也。J34nB311_p0791a24辛亥春,入青原,與藥地和上坐語移日,和上命作杖J34nB311_p0791a25人全錄序。余以杖人語錄遍天下,諸先達長者如梅J34nB311_p0791a26長公、李夢白輩序之詳矣,余小子復何辭?但以余親J34nB311_p0791a27見杖人於二十年之前,今讀其全錄於二十年之後,J34nB311_p0791a28宛若面談,即不能如梅、李諸先生親炙之久,然視彼J34nB311_p0791a29聞而知者,則有分矣。故不辭固陋,輒弁數言於簡端,J34nB311_p0791a30使天下後世知釋迦而後,又有若杖人者,振起斯道J34nB311_p0791b01於不墜,且合儒釋為一家,視今日諸狂禪瞬目揚眉、J34nB311_p0791b02裝神嚇鬼者,不大相徑庭也哉?有志者學儒學佛,當J34nB311_p0791b03必知所興起矣。
時J34nB311_p0791b04康熙辛亥孟夏之月,青原學人李鶴鳴拜題。
杖人翁全錄集要序
J34nB311_p0791b22于百千光中,日為光大;于百千水中,海為水大;于百J34nB311_p0791b23千善知識中,浪杖人為善知識大。此非余之臆說也。J34nB311_p0791b24余嘗聞諸竺老和尚,而知其不至阿所好也。浪杖人J34nB311_p0791b25斯可以為過量大人已乎?然而人有過量,語無過量,J34nB311_p0791b26惟及量耳。蓋由乎度越尋常,謂之過;由乎適如本分,J34nB311_p0791b27而要歸切近,謂之及之。兩也,其實一致。今夫杖人,其J34nB311_p0791b28書滿家,其門目至于百有數十,豈不曰文彩全彰?乃J34nB311_p0791b29終日言而盡道,亦終日言而未始出吾宗,此則南華J34nB311_p0791b30聖人之先得其然者矣。如徒以簡帙褒重,有類夫取J34nB311_p0791c01精多、用物弘之為貴者,即彼怪尤,或能勉爾。顧狐之J34nB311_p0791c02嗚呼,似人聲,非人聲也,曷足聽聞?今日者,獅絃既張,J34nB311_p0791c03毒鼓更震,一唱三歎,偏正回互,靡不逢之。嘗試攬其J34nB311_p0791c04篇章,以循其經緯本末,雖使九變復貫,畢竟語忌十J34nB311_p0791c05成,洞上流風,于斯固為增華加厲焉耳。且如潔淨精J34nB311_p0791c06微,易之教也,先儒第謂之能不犯手,安在其有喙三J34nB311_p0791c07尺,而必為前朝斷舌之才也乎?若夫宋人立尊堯之J34nB311_p0791c08題,晉代高注莊之作,則杖人亦嘗從同。惟托孤一語,J34nB311_p0791c09于斯道絕續之際,恫乎其言之不獨以資談柄也。中J34nB311_p0791c10天午運,所不至與儵欻俱淪者,吾言將繫其九鼎,必J34nB311_p0791c11如是而後可以至于精矣,亦必如是而後可以至于J34nB311_p0791c12大矣。世稱文章卓詭,但為名家;其廣博而無涯際,始J34nB311_p0791c13為大家。名家之不及大家甚遠,即于不立文字而有J34nB311_p0791c14文字,從有文字而發揮其無文字者,何獨不然?此向J34nB311_p0791c15來明教、永明、覺範、大慧諸老之所由尚也。麻三斤、乾J34nB311_p0791c16矢橛、庭前柏樹子等,雖曰咬嚼不破,亦往往作避鋒J34nB311_p0791c17藏拙之地。有如文身、句身,一為無量、無量為一,即豈J34nB311_p0791c18得于此躲根?昔者三佛之門並高矣,而漸成窠窟。佛J34nB311_p0791c19鑑、佛眼座下,有為狗子叫、鵓鳩鳴者,有覷燈籠露柱、J34nB311_p0791c20指東畫西者,則佛果譏之,且自幸其無是病。夫狗子、J34nB311_p0791c21鵓鳩、燈籠露柱,無論不可為佛法,恐併不可為世諦。J34nB311_p0791c22杖人書都不若是,談性命則湥以出,語事理則洽以J34nB311_p0791c23該,三教既與為總持,兩戒復極其關切,于是而欲以J34nB311_p0791c24廉纖訿之不得,欲以綿密稱之抑猶未盡,是誠壽昌J34nB311_p0791c25古佛之內紹,而五宗諸大老之集成,遂入藏流通進J34nB311_p0791c26名家,而大家由此其選也。竊伏聞雙徑祖席,群眾歸J34nB311_p0791c27重,奠以不遷,此亦大日來仰、大海來朝之常事已耳。J34nB311_p0791c28而今乎青原,青原者,七祖道場也。自笑峰大師起之,J34nB311_p0791c29無可大師承之,其山益峻。兩大師固與竺和尚鼎足,J34nB311_p0791c30而全錄集要之刻,則無大師董其成。無大師高足弟J34nB311_p0792a01子,為余好友,洪浪遂興雙嶺以應之,得髓之義及于J34nB311_p0792a02膚功,則是其為日光九重,若海之前後左右際者,不J34nB311_p0792a03又多乎哉?余亦在杖人子光孫水之列而浮游,他日J34nB311_p0792a04失所依歸,顧十指中猶見佛面。孟子曰:「予未得為孔J34nB311_p0792a05子徒也。予私淑諸人也。」爰恭無大師之命而序之,其J34nB311_p0792a06言有止,亦姑以志其欣愧焉。
J34nB311_p0792a07在道凡夫黎元寬法名興遠拜題
杖門隨集附全錄後
J34nB311_p0792b02J34nB311_p0792b03 J34nB311_p0792b04天界紀聞
J34nB311_p0792b05三大恩人
J34nB311_p0792b06丁亥清和,積陰新霽,偶過丈室,適有少年求師開示,J34nB311_p0792b07師笑曰:「世間有三大恩人,一切眾生當面蹉過,不免J34nB311_p0792b08辜負他,甘墮下流。」少年問:「云何是三大恩人?」師曰:「極J34nB311_p0792b09貧、多病、大苦,添上個死字,是煆煉我身心的大爐鞴,J34nB311_p0792b10千金難買、萬劫難逢,不向此中打破關頭,巍巍堂堂J34nB311_p0792b11做個知恩報恩、頂天立地的好漢,反視如生冤家,百J34nB311_p0792b12計求脫,露盡醜拙,將貪、瞋、癡種種毒藥滿口吞下,縱J34nB311_p0792b13饒得金高北斗、五慾目恣,也是生鐵鑄就臭髑髏,諸J34nB311_p0792b14佛拱手,無可奈何。窮究病根紙緣,昧卻勤、儉兩字。」或J34nB311_p0792b15問:「止如勤、儉,中、下根人亦盡識得。」師云:「世人作勤,盡J34nB311_p0792b16是業識;世人作儉,一味慳毒。今為真勤、儉下個註腳,J34nB311_p0792b17曰公。勤而公,則為禹惜寸陰、周公待旦;儉而公,則為J34nB311_p0792b18顏子之庶乎屢空、武侯之澹泊明志。死則死盡一切J34nB311_p0792b19偷心,根塵消隕、六用不行,庶幾是動心忍性、增益不J34nB311_p0792b20能,世、出世大任一肩挑起,不負三位大恩人煆煉我J34nB311_p0792b21做人一番。汝亦知勤、儉、公三字是化難生恩之造物,J34nB311_p0792b22佛祖聖賢總跳不出此三者。秪如聖學博我以文,勤J34nB311_p0792b23也;約我以禮,儉也。一日克復,天下歸仁,非公而何?造J34nB311_p0792b24化之有春、夏,博我以文,勤也;造化之有秋、冬,約我以J34nB311_p0792b25禮,儉也。各正性命,德合無疆,又公到極處矣。一切聰J34nB311_p0792b26明男子遇此三大化難生恩之人,若肯拽轉鼻頭來,J34nB311_p0792b27定知老僧不是賺汝。」薛正平紀。
孔子棒
J34nB311_p0792b29人只知宗門用棒,不知孔子善用棒,而棒棒見血且J34nB311_p0792b30無痕。如君子之道四,丘未能一焉,開頭遮一棒,直將J34nB311_p0792c01人纔生下地來便打透也。又散開棒打出四個未能J34nB311_p0792c02來,如父未能求子、君未能求臣、兄未能求弟、朋友未J34nB311_p0792c03能求先施,卻先棒棒打著為君、為父、為兄、為朋者,而J34nB311_p0792c04實棒棒打著為臣、為子、為弟、為友者,然而夫婦一倫J34nB311_p0792c05不打著,何不見此四者皆出於一夫婦乎?孔子所以J34nB311_p0792c06棒棒皆打著,求己不求人,則人皆有己,所以明頭來J34nB311_p0792c07也打著、暗頭來也打著、連架來也打著,直走入古廟J34nB311_p0792c08裏去,如閨閤中夫婦在黑鬼窟裏也憑空打著。呵呵!J34nB311_p0792c09痛快麼?又誰知死版上孔夫子解打此活棒乎?
一字法門
J34nB311_p0792c11孔子懼,作《春秋》,即此懼字,能使萬世亂臣賊子懼。孟J34nB311_p0792c12子為此懼,故能距楊墨,闢邪說,使王道廓如,功不在J34nB311_p0792c13禹下。一部《中庸》,全在戒慎恐懼中提出此性。道教底J34nB311_p0792c14廣大光明,震爍天地,小人無忌憚,又何知懼哉?懼正J34nB311_p0792c15是小人良藥。能用此一字,即寸鐵殺人活人,開天闢J34nB311_p0792c16地也。如孝親孝字,恭己恭字,敬己敬字,皆千聖傳心J34nB311_p0792c17之學,又變為孔子之言。詩可以怨,怨字;莊生怒而飛,J34nB311_p0792c18怒字;與孟子文王一怒安天下,怒字,皆是自心中創J34nB311_p0792c19出造化來,變易天地人物。即此一字,為吹毛劍也可,J34nB311_p0792c20為塗毒鼓也可,為獅子吼也可,為九轉丹也可。若武J34nB311_p0792c21庫中利器,但能用得慣,如一指頭禪,便一生用之不J34nB311_p0792c22盡。千古人不能成大事者,只是不精一,雜用心。故寸J34nB311_p0792c23鐵殺人之語,也須是大猛烈漢子始得。
拈重閬
J34nB311_p0792c25薛正平少誦《南華》「胞有重閬,心有天遊」,極愛其語,與J34nB311_p0792c26老氏合三十輻共一轂,當其無,有車之用,殆謂此也。J34nB311_p0792c27與學人語,都不能了。適宣州翟孝廉羽侯禮師,師云:J34nB311_p0792c28「向南昌曾與君拈胞有重聞義,尚能記否?」翟悚然。余J34nB311_p0792c29問:「當時云何舉似?」師云:「幼見雞抱卵,識得此義。卵殼J34nB311_p0792c30中著頂空處,是為重閬,人疑其不足處,正其有餘處。J34nB311_p0793a01天地化醇,生生之玅,盡從此出,卵胎皆然,卵特易見J34nB311_p0793a02耳。莊生欲示人天遊於未始有物之初,寄之重閬,故J34nB311_p0793a03又云:人之知者,恃息歸根。以踵孟子表之夜氣,九萬J34nB311_p0793a04里之怒,飛以六月息,故云:生物以息相吹。試觀世人J34nB311_p0793a05負重遠行,氣急殺人,放下擔子,低頭合眼,得剎那之J34nB311_p0793a06息,聳肩便起。」師作挑擔勢,中添邪許聲,復作歇擔勢,J34nB311_p0793a07笑云:「為莊生盡情吐露矣。」余聞躍然曰:「今日因師得J34nB311_p0793a08悟中孚一卦,乃大易關紐。坡公解易亦云:卵生為之J34nB311_p0793a09孚。孚之傳曰:柔在內而剛得中。孰知在內之柔,坎一J34nB311_p0793a10真陽重重包裹,流行兌澤巽風之中,變化生焉。子雲J34nB311_p0793a11之玄從中孚而起,良有以也。摩耶夫人腹中諸佛菩J34nB311_p0793a12薩往來問法,又極重閬之虛空不可思量矣。於此悟J34nB311_p0793a13入,則大衍之虛一不用,與叫不響山谷一切都了,非J34nB311_p0793a14師委曲譬喻不能剖塵拈出。」師頷之曰:「子可謂善於J34nB311_p0793a15引伸也。周子無極而太極,與邵子未嘗有無而未嘗J34nB311_p0793a16離乎有無,圓此一句有同異否?」智曰:「人身頂腦虛者J34nB311_p0793a17靈,醫經心不用而用小心,喉以管竅吐聲,鼓以閉空J34nB311_p0793a18為響,艸木之核仁皆兩片也,而生命藏其中,誰知質J34nB311_p0793a19測具通幾耶?曾格此否?」
拈先著
J34nB311_p0793a21世、出世間法,只爭個先後著。《易》云:「幾者,動之微,吉之J34nB311_p0793a22先見者也。」天下事原有吉無凶,不認得吉之先見,便J34nB311_p0793a23變出凶來。師少年有詩云:「大聖有隱憂,乃知天下故。J34nB311_p0793a24坐折英雄心,能先其後步。」玅旨可參。陳旻昭與一奕J34nB311_p0793a25客到師方丈,通云:「是國手也。」師笑曰:「我雖不善奕,卻J34nB311_p0793a26識得碁中旨趣。」遂舉向詩,乃徐云:「世稱碁家國手,謂J34nB311_p0793a27著著是先著,玅在先存結兩個眼地步。若一個眼,便J34nB311_p0793a28是死局。太極之不死,玅在陰陽之交錯而不相奪;其J34nB311_p0793a29陰陽之不死,全在太極非虛非實也。蓋彼未下子時J34nB311_p0793a30已識得,末後得力著子,便緩緩地放在冷處。對局者J34nB311_p0793b01不知其殺活在手,只管東衝西突,到得應手不迭方J34nB311_p0793b02悟其玅,已箭過新羅矣。故曰:國手先著,玅在占得兩J34nB311_p0793b03個眼地步,其後步自不可破也。萬法皆然,學易者謂J34nB311_p0793b04之逆數。沛公與項王之成敗,也只爭遮些子。老氏有J34nB311_p0793b05言:『圖難於易,為大於細。』非識得後步,何以下手?第世J34nB311_p0793b06人不易曉耳。唯十九行碁路上幾點黑白子,將下未J34nB311_p0793b07下處,可以神而明之,便是英雄默而成之,了向上句J34nB311_p0793b08與末後句矣。一等拍盲禪,但問黑白未分前遮一著J34nB311_p0793b09子落在何處,卻以掀卻棋盤者,是豈不為撥無因果J34nB311_p0793b10之外道哉?他又安知未分前在何處乎?」旻昭勇躍,嘆J34nB311_p0793b11為聞所未聞。它日,竹關又舉:「旻昭因曰:『長生變勢,以J34nB311_p0793b12三個劫而兩持,其幾更玅。』」師笑曰:「人玅在兩個鼻孔,J34nB311_p0793b13便可合口而坐;捏卻鼻孔時,能不開口吐气耶?」
信近於義章
J34nB311_p0793b15三代以上,有孝字,無學字。蓋學統於上,即覺字,即親J34nB311_p0793b16字,猶先天之良知能親切,可為宗,可以宗也。甚矣,有J34nB311_p0793b17若之似孔子也!既拈孝弟為仁之本,復從仁本中拈J34nB311_p0793b18出民生日用最親切處之親字,為禮義之宗本。孔子J34nB311_p0793b19告哀公曰:「仁者,人也,親親為大。義者,宜也,尊賢為大。J34nB311_p0793b20親親之殺,尊賢之等,禮所生也。」夫尊親與親民,是皆J34nB311_p0793b21因其天然,而不失其民生日用最親切處,立出種種J34nB311_p0793b22名,以為千聖制禮作樂所因之宗也。義豈遠乎哉?信J34nB311_p0793b23一近之,便言可復。禮豈遠乎哉?恭一近之,便遠恥辱。J34nB311_p0793b24近與親對,而義與禮與仁,俱從近中寫來,乃是吾人J34nB311_p0793b25最親切處。信因於義,恭因於禮,而此禮義,又皆因不J34nB311_p0793b26失其親,亦可立為宗旨,亦可與人師宗云爾,非是不J34nB311_p0793b27失可親之人也。唯識指出親見分、親緣緣分,言心外J34nB311_p0793b28無法可作耳。後來子夏、子游、子張欲以所事孔子事J34nB311_p0793b29有若,亦欲與商確舊聞、結集遺言,如阿難現佛身說J34nB311_p0793b30法,如是我聞亦有與人師宗處,使此宗旨不墜也。曾J34nB311_p0793c01子便拈出江漢秋陽,又無異九峰侍者遍殺首座,此J34nB311_p0793c02更有親切處。遂各建立有子夏之儒、子張之儒、有若J34nB311_p0793c03之儒、漆雕氏之儒,而統遂散。百年而孟子出,提出夫J34nB311_p0793c04子集大成以收歸大統,反復歎見知無人以聞知自J34nB311_p0793c05許,而昌黎謂軻死無得其傳,有以也。余有感於因不J34nB311_p0793c06失三字與亦可宗三字,以見聖人制心制義處、學者J34nB311_p0793c07之親切苦心處,故曰:因包因果,宗包統類,統包破立,J34nB311_p0793c08類包寂歷,親包親疏。主此者誰?惟善用心即得。
樂其可知
J34nB311_p0793c10孔子聞韶,三月不知肉味,曰:「不圖為樂之至於斯也。」J34nB311_p0793c11看為字,不圖字上形容豁然,此豈是悟得聲音哉?正J34nB311_p0793c12如香嚴聞擊竹,豁然而悟,實不圖在聲音邊也。師摯J34nB311_p0793c13是上流人,孔子欲就聲音中指出向上,所以為樂之J34nB311_p0793c14宗。樂其可知,非謂樂可知,蓋欲其知所以為樂之至J34nB311_p0793c15於斯也。故告之曰:爾固自謂樂可知也,然亦知千聖J34nB311_p0793c16未作樂之先,此樂從何而生乎?知樂之為樂,不知樂J34nB311_p0793c17之所以為樂。若始作,知其翕如;從之,知其純如、皦如、J34nB311_p0793c18繹如。樂至此成矣,爾之知如是止已。未始之前有翕J34nB311_p0793c19如,爾知之乎?未從之先有純如、皦如、繹如,爾知之乎?J34nB311_p0793c20先王作樂崇德,聽之不聞,是誰於雷出地奮而薦取J34nB311_p0793c21夫子微意乎?莊生曰:「有成與虧者,昭文氏之鼓琴也。J34nB311_p0793c22簫韶九成,成於歷山之號泣;洋洋盈耳,成於敬止之J34nB311_p0793c23緝熙。若軒轅氏,何待張樂?」洞庭七聖俱迷,大地變作J34nB311_p0793c24琴聲矣。師摯於此徹去,遂逃之無何有之鄉,不識者J34nB311_p0793c25以為適齊云。
儀封人
J34nB311_p0793c27封人見地最高,不惟荷簣諸人彀不及,即聖門高弟J34nB311_p0793c28亦當避三舍。弟子中識見超卓,顏子猶謂不容然後J34nB311_p0793c29見君子,如子貢卻虛擬一綏來動和功勳邊事描寫。J34nB311_p0793c30子之不可及,猶天之不可階而升,何異盲人摸象?乃J34nB311_p0794a01封人一見尼山面目,便識得天載鼻孔,想其平日憂J34nB311_p0794a02天憫人,一副肝腸無處告人。天下無道久矣,隱隱想J34nB311_p0794a03著個木鐸,自堯、舜以來,高懸天上,無人承當,卻落在J34nB311_p0794a04孔子手裏,無限慶幸。措辭不及,便欲向二三子吐出J34nB311_p0794a05自家肝腸,不免怪笑。諸人止具一隻眼,為得喪兩字J34nB311_p0794a06熱顢。余故曰:封人不特孔子之知己,亦天之知己。
晏平仲
J34nB311_p0794a08晏子善交,得力全在與之一字,便有擇交、不輕交、不J34nB311_p0794a09苟且意在,故能始終其交,久不忘敬。若於夫子,不免J34nB311_p0794a10有累世之疑,遂畏而不敢與交也。夫子識其短處,不J34nB311_p0794a11揜其長處,故特拈出。想平仲雖好賢,定因石父告絕,J34nB311_p0794a12是以見賢益惕、執蓋同升。倘所交非壁立千仞之人,J34nB311_p0794a13不免曲江軟美一路,求其久而愛則有之,求其如臨J34nB311_p0794a14父師久而敬,不可必也。雖然,交固難言,善交如晏子,J34nB311_p0794a15猶屢失之。去齊,別北郭騷,騷曰:「勉之!」上車歎曰:「嬰之J34nB311_p0794a16亡,不知士甚矣!」迨反國,聞騷之自殺以白己也,復驚J34nB311_p0794a17歎曰:「嬰之亡也宜哉!愈不知士甚矣!」善財五十三善J34nB311_p0794a18友亦從展轉得來,非伸兩手便能摸著鼻孔,擇交者J34nB311_p0794a19不可不知。馮鳳山云:「見執蓋者則薦之,遇孔子則沮J34nB311_p0794a20之,勘到鼻端,挧挧然矣。」旻昭曰:「孔子忘其沮而稱之,J34nB311_p0794a21此所以為聖人也。管、鮑乃是過情之事,獨舉此者,以J34nB311_p0794a22久敬為無弊耳。」
孰謂微生高直
J34nB311_p0794a24夫子歎世人不識直,特借微生乞醯,點醒世人耳。此J34nB311_p0794a25非舉微生之過,亦非為微生雪屈也。人之生也直,直J34nB311_p0794a26者,率性之謂,似乎拈來便是。乃子又云:「敬以直內。」則J34nB311_p0794a27直不在徑情。天之大生曰動直,君子之安人安百姓,J34nB311_p0794a28在集義敬禮。而合觀之,直之中有不可思議玅用,即J34nB311_p0794a29如父為子隱,與直相反,子則云直在其中矣。若微生J34nB311_p0794a30高乞醯一事,子以為無害其直,試味孰謂二字,無限J34nB311_p0794b01嗟嘆,非捉得其敗缺。想當時或之乞,必有不得已而J34nB311_p0794b02乞,故高之應,亦不得已而應。子蓋委婉其詞曰:那個J34nB311_p0794b03說微生高是直人?乃於其乞醯一事,婉轉若此,政喜J34nB311_p0794b04其任行胸臆,不在區區形跡上矯情鎮物,如世間所J34nB311_p0794b05稱直。是故好直者,必須好學,於此可思。正平云:「嘗看J34nB311_p0794b06《世說》,裴叔則歲請二國租錢,卹中表之貧。或議其乞J34nB311_p0794b07物行惠,裴曰:『不然,損其餘,補不足,天之道也。』《名士傳》J34nB311_p0794b08謂叔則行已取予,任心而動,不顧毀譽,皆此類。知此,J34nB311_p0794b09便識夫子不抹殺微生高意。」師微笑。
舜禹之有天下章
J34nB311_p0794b11師笑曰:「與之一字,千古未夢見,孟子略識得。曰:君子J34nB311_p0794b12有三樂,而王天下不與存焉。與作與奪之與。試為問J34nB311_p0794b13曰:舜、禹之有天下也,孰與之?曰:舜、禹之有天下,不待J34nB311_p0794b14耕稼陶漁,胼手胝足時便已具足。由是而觀,湯有天J34nB311_p0794b15下,非關放伐;武有天下,不待征誅;桀、紂失天下,原自J34nB311_p0794b16不曾有,非是被人奪卻。如此,則不特人不能與,天亦J34nB311_p0794b17不能與也。是知君子有三樂,皆是自己性命作得主J34nB311_p0794b18中來的,即與木石居,與鹿豕遊,未嘗不與舜、禹把臂J34nB311_p0794b19共行也。」
事君數章
J34nB311_p0794b21數,非頻數之數,乃煩數之數,謂微細瑣碎,不關係事。J34nB311_p0794b22大臣以道事君,責難陳善;君子處友,忠告善道。必具J34nB311_p0794b23大手眼,大展演,自然水乳合,方為忠臣、為益友。即云J34nB311_p0794b24不可則止,亦不是冷眼覷他,直重下鍼盤,別尋龍穴J34nB311_p0794b25耳。若只瑣瑣屑屑小處去賣直沽名,辱與疏隨之矣。J34nB311_p0794b26如孔子與原壤友,壤方母死而歌,罪不勝責,正於夷J34nB311_p0794b27俟時訶責之。幼而不孫弟,禮不為我輩設也;長而無J34nB311_p0794b28述,為谿為谷也;老而不死,出死入生也。三者乃原壤J34nB311_p0794b29生平大得意處,此不過自了漢,故呼之為賊。狄梁公J34nB311_p0794b30事女主,日夜苦心,指天誓日,只有廬陵一案,若貌似J34nB311_p0794c01蓮花之六郎,一切穢濁不堪直視之狗彘,此大聖大J34nB311_p0794c02賢事主處友之機權。故曰:君子見其遠者大者,小人J34nB311_p0794c03見其小者近者。即衲子輩事師交友,亦須別具一隻J34nB311_p0794c04參學眼。潘達曰:「亦有小處近處極關係者。」
仰之彌高章
J34nB311_p0794c06高堅前後認為歎道者固錯,謂歎自家工夫無捉摸J34nB311_p0794c07者亦錯。顏子初時不知道之在我,只將我去求道,又J34nB311_p0794c08認作聖人可以一蹴而至,嘗自云:「夫子步亦步,趨亦J34nB311_p0794c09趨,夫子絕塵而奔,回且瞠乎其後。」只遮瞠乎其後處,J34nB311_p0794c10正是出身活路,不知卻坐在此處,反以為不及,此是J34nB311_p0794c11學道通病。待得夫子拽轉他鼻頭來,始覺開眼也是,J34nB311_p0794c12合眼也是,方悟夫子循循善誘,博我者還是我自家J34nB311_p0794c13的文,約我者還是我自家的禮,到遮裏不能親自見J34nB311_p0794c14我,便罷手不得,直是聰明才智一毫用不著。斯時於J34nB311_p0794c15山窮水盡處瞥地開眼,原來只在遮裏,所謂渠今正J34nB311_p0794c16是我,我今不是渠,如有所立卓爾,雖欲從而末由,正J34nB311_p0794c17是放身命處,不復如從前向外馳求,乃知為人由己J34nB311_p0794c18而由人乎底意方透,可謂極善形容。自述悟由始終J34nB311_p0794c19得力行狀,特地與夫子拈此一瓣香,以酬直指我心J34nB311_p0794c20一點法乳之恩耳。使非萬分勇猛於反己,何能至是J34nB311_p0794c21哉?是以顏氏子歿,夫子不勝歎息曰:「惜乎!吾見其進,J34nB311_p0794c22未見其止。」使顏子不死,而遇人逢時,又不知作何大J34nB311_p0794c23事業。
以德報怨章
J34nB311_p0794c25以德報怨,此大聖人事,亦老氏之言也。彼見當時瞋J34nB311_p0794c26毒熾盛,睚眥殺人,思以救之。譬如人患熱病,將冷水J34nB311_p0794c27當頭一潑,暫時得蘇,熱終內伏。不若夫子先與提清J34nB311_p0794c28脈絡,曰:「何以報德?」又向德中揭出直,直中揭出德,又J34nB311_p0794c29玅於怨中揭出直來。不揭出直來,則天下盡陷於不J34nB311_p0794c30仁不義,無一人能存性生之直也。夫子嘗云:「詩可以J34nB311_p0795a01怨。」怨者,天地之義氣。立己處人,有一毫不合於德義,J34nB311_p0795a02則自怨自艾,自不容己。艾,藥也。人無恥而不自怨,則J34nB311_p0795a03是大聖拱手,不可救藥之人也。不知怨,則不知興,并J34nB311_p0795a04不知德矣。立個方便,曰:以直報怨,以德報德。蓋犯而J34nB311_p0795a05無校,橫逆必反,此克己強恕事,不可以恩怨一概溷J34nB311_p0795a06濫。記曰:君父之仇,不共戴天;兄弟之仇,不反兵而鬥;J34nB311_p0795a07朋友之仇,主人能則執兵隨其後,是之為直。直是吾J34nB311_p0795a08心之天理生性,不可滅也。人無此,則彼此倫常絕矣。J34nB311_p0795a09賴天有怨報之直,故天下多不敢行不義,且使不義J34nB311_p0795a10者知有義也。即如戒經瞋不報瞋,獨於君親云不加J34nB311_p0795a11報。不加者,亦適相當,亦不可更有加於君父,即子之J34nB311_p0795a12所云直也。雲棲大師《梵網發隱》,亦於此分疏明白,云:J34nB311_p0795a13「佛法不曾教忠臣孝子忘了君親。」余嘗謂:堯薦舜,舜J34nB311_p0795a14薦禹,而天受之,方當得德報;湯之鳴條,武之牧野,順J34nB311_p0795a15天休命,方當得直報。復笑云:「老僧今日太直,又不忌J34nB311_p0795a16口。」
善人之道章
J34nB311_p0795a18莊生云:絕跡易,無行地難。古人有踐跡而入室者,有J34nB311_p0795a19不踐跡而入室者。孔子蓋提跡室,架起兩頭,善人遊J34nB311_p0795a20行其中,所謂香象渡河,擺脫纏鎖,不惟跡之一字不J34nB311_p0795a21肯黏著,即室之一字亦欲掃除,似與狂簡相類而絕J34nB311_p0795a22不同。狂簡以氣魄用事,善人以清明純粹用事,是以J34nB311_p0795a23聖人思之不置。如云:「善人為邦,至於百年之後,其遺J34nB311_p0795a24風餘烈,亦足以勝殘去殺;善人教民,七年可以即戎。」J34nB311_p0795a25煞有作略。善人所有,似乎狂簡所無。惟孟子解得善J34nB311_p0795a26字最親切,曰:「可欲之謂善。」可欲二字,從孔子「繼之者J34nB311_p0795a27善也」來。是善人者,乃善繼天之志者也,豈不可欲?若J34nB311_p0795a28止質美,猶是孟子所謂未免鄉人君子憂之,何可欲J34nB311_p0795a29之有?只因善字不明,誤殺世上多少人。子張一問大J34nB311_p0795a30奇,孔子答他,可謂不負來機。同鄉林子過訪,因問:「和J34nB311_p0795b01尚何時還鄉去?」師笑曰:「歸恐作鄉愿。」曰:「何故又笑?」曰:J34nB311_p0795b02「狂、狷、中行,各有本色。欲學進取為狂,則是狂之鄉愿;J34nB311_p0795b03欲學有所不敢為之狷,即狷之鄉愿;學不狂不狷為J34nB311_p0795b04中行,即中行之鄉愿。故孔子以為亂德。德者,本色也。J34nB311_p0795b05即同人於宗亦吝,所謂認著法身即墮也,況其他乎?」J34nB311_p0795b06林子訝之。師曰:「待我還鄉時,向汝道破。」
戒慎恐懼是作聖宗旨
J34nB311_p0795b08師云:「聖人之學,關於性命者,獨是有個戒慎恐懼,無J34nB311_p0795b09論未發已發,皆可以致中和而成位育。如不知有戒J34nB311_p0795b10慎,便是無忌憚之人,不待到放僻邪侈,也不見堯、舜,J34nB311_p0795b11只是個競競業業,所以成堯、舜。即如曾子,到啟手足J34nB311_p0795b12時,只云戰戰競競,如臨深淵,如履薄冰,所以能全其J34nB311_p0795b13始終。既謂之如,則非有深淵而能臨之戰戰,非有薄J34nB311_p0795b14冰而能履之競競。世人全身沒在深淵、墮在薄冰,而J34nB311_p0795b15且放肆無忌,所謂人皆曰予智,驅而納諸罟獲陷阱J34nB311_p0795b16之中,而莫之知避也,豈不重可哀乎?孟子善於警策,J34nB311_p0795b17曰:『人之所以異於禽獸者幾希,君子存之,小人去之。』J34nB311_p0795b18存去二字,尤嚴於斧鉞。一存便是戒懼於時中,一去J34nB311_p0795b19便是無忌憚而乖戾,此正是克念作聖,罔念作狂之J34nB311_p0795b20幾希也。世人雖曰讀書習禮,設教行道,於此中心稍J34nB311_p0795b21無戒慎之密,縱有一切經綸事業,無非是雜霸無忌J34nB311_p0795b22憚之虛詐,何曾知有精一中和、勤儉易簡之宗旨?既J34nB311_p0795b23不知此,則不免相習虛詐,舉世如狂,而載胥及溺,何J34nB311_p0795b24曾於生死性命有可救援哉?欲求救援之法,亦不過J34nB311_p0795b25戒慎恐懼而已矣。」旻於是驚起而問曰:「只如能戒懼J34nB311_p0795b26而致位育,後更作何保任?」師笑曰:「那得輕易到此?如J34nB311_p0795b27果到得位育境界,正好十分戒懼也。不見道橫按鏌J34nB311_p0795b28耶傳正令,太平寰宇斬癡頑乎?」
論怨
J34nB311_p0795b30孔子言詩,雖興觀群怨並發其秘密藏,而純歸於一J34nB311_p0795c01怨字。此怨乃能以天地人物不平之氣,保合天人性J34nB311_p0795c02情之太和,則怨字又愈於元亨利貞貞字。元亨利貞J34nB311_p0795c03明天性自然流行之氣,此怨字發人情後天之密,非J34nB311_p0795c04到怨處不足以興、不足以觀、不足以群,到群又不能J34nB311_p0795c05不怨,不怨則不能歸根復命於絕後重甦,亦不能使J34nB311_p0795c06貞下起元為可興可觀也。予以莊生善怒字、屈原善J34nB311_p0795c07怨字、孟子尤善怨怒二字,蓋未有怨而不怒、怒而不J34nB311_p0795c08怨也。莊子以怒而飛,怒者其誰?艸木怒生,達其怒心,J34nB311_p0795c09即達其怒心尤玅,盡怒者其誰也?屈子怨而不怨,則J34nB311_p0795c10怨即怒也,不見離騷皆不平之怨耶?孟子云:「一怒而J34nB311_p0795c11安天下。」又以舜如怨如暴,以自求其不得於父母之J34nB311_p0795c12故;太甲自怨自艾,終得阿衡之意。凡皆以怨怒成此J34nB311_p0795c13浩然之氣,如大易以地雷復為見天地之心,怒莫若J34nB311_p0795c14雷,至於雷電敕法,帝出乎震,震驚百里,摩蕩八八六J34nB311_p0795c15十四卦,皆從震發怒機,此大易又為一部怨怒之府。J34nB311_p0795c16即堯不得其子而舉於舜,非怨怒而何能如此神遠J34nB311_p0795c17哉!舜以怨而得底豫,禹以父鯀殛死而治平水土,何J34nB311_p0795c18怨如之?即湯、武以臣伐君,不避慚德,何等怨怒耶?文J34nB311_p0795c19王拘於羑里,口無怨言,而此中之怨艾,至以一怒安J34nB311_p0795c20天下,何如?若周公以大義滅親,流言居東,怨可知也。J34nB311_p0795c21春秋,怨史也。孔子懼,作《春秋》,擅天王之進退褒貶。孟J34nB311_p0795c22子距楊、墨,只此一懼,乃不肯避萬世亂賊之諱忌,此J34nB311_p0795c23又何等怨怒哉?凡此以正直之氣,發天地人物不平J34nB311_p0795c24之氣,以會歸於天地中和者,皆怨怒功也。世間法如J34nB311_p0795c25此,參禪學道,視此生死性命之怨怒,果何物乎?
賢賢易色
J34nB311_p0795c27賢賢易色者,言賢人之賢,不是空空企慕,直將彼之J34nB311_p0795c28賢陶汰自己脫胎換骨,把舊時色相盡底變易一番,J34nB311_p0795c29何等勇猛。遮樣人事親必孝,事君必忠,交友必信。或J34nB311_p0795c30以其一味誠朴,不加粧點,疑為未學。不知人生除了J34nB311_p0796a01大本達道,更有何學?故曰:吾必謂之學。或疑何以不J34nB311_p0796a02及師?蓋賢即師也。子夏居西河,不忘弟子職,故列師J34nB311_p0796a03於君親之上。
哀公問社章
J34nB311_p0796a05哀公聵聵已甚,曾不知德政為國之本,驀問社於宰J34nB311_p0796a06我,豈亦知山川社稷為天地神人之主所關乎?宰我J34nB311_p0796a07善言語,乃知松柏栗為社,不說所以為社之意,又以J34nB311_p0796a08使民戰栗為辭。至今千古,經幾存亡,尚無人疑悟所J34nB311_p0796a09對之微意,哀公又何能直下即悟乎?宰我所對三句,J34nB311_p0796a10已如鐵饅頭咬嚼不破,孔子又放出金彈子,又誰能J34nB311_p0796a11自透心腑?知聖賢苦心深心有如此者。公昔問政,夫J34nB311_p0796a12子以人存政舉,分明露布,己漠然不能信行。及與之J34nB311_p0796a13語此,應自揣曰:我問社,他如何說個使民戰栗?民尚J34nB311_p0796a14能使之戰栗,矧我有國家社稷之所寄者,聞此反不J34nB311_p0796a15能戰栗,何也?如此自疑,必能自悟。孔子聞此答得奇J34nB311_p0796a16險,彼必不能疑悟,卻乃箭上加尖曰:此松柏栗是夏J34nB311_p0796a17殷周之成事,是時人不能說者,今已明說之而不省;J34nB311_p0796a18此夏殷周之興亡,是分明可警者,時人遂安意而不J34nB311_p0796a19能諫,今已為諷諫之而不悟。又誰知既往可以鑒誠J34nB311_p0796a20將來,而君人者不能藉既往者早自引咎鑒誡如此,J34nB311_p0796a21社稷安望長久而不為人所易哉?故予笑宰我於以J34nB311_p0796a22栗後繼曰:戰栗賺殺天下人,誤殺自己語。是此栗字J34nB311_p0796a23相同之毒也。
論賁卦
J34nB311_p0796a25說者以賁是山間之火,其明幾何?噬嗑乃雷電之火,J34nB311_p0796a26其明始大。此泥於小利與無敢之言,而未察其命意J34nB311_p0796a27之深也。蓋聖人必先禮樂而後刑罰,刑罰可措而禮J34nB311_p0796a28不可措。禮者,文明以止者也。明而能止,故小利有攸J34nB311_p0796a29往而亨。此小正,天下莫能破也。況兵刑皆聖人所忌,J34nB311_p0796a30不欲以利見天下,如攝生者不輕於用藥。聖人以師J34nB311_p0796b01藏水於地中,又以賁藏火於山中,不特兵之利器不J34nB311_p0796b02可示人,即文之利器亦不可示人。聖人所貴於天真,J34nB311_p0796b03如黃裳通理,美在其中,不得已朿帛箋箋,至於白賁,J34nB311_p0796b04則聖人所尚之志得矣。於此可見小利有攸往,不敢J34nB311_p0796b05張大其辭,如露布之毒天下也。東坡以致飾授賁,與J34nB311_p0796b06孔子筮賁愀然,皆所以傳斯文也。知之乎?
四聖心易
J34nB311_p0796b08村野之民,嘗於屋壁私以灰晝長短積之以自識,世J34nB311_p0796b09人一毫瞞昧不得,此學是村民之心易也。因悟伏羲J34nB311_p0796b10當初於天地人物燦然冥然處,忽而窺得其玅,乃撩J34nB311_p0796b11空而畫之,無文字道理之名言,而造化秘密之機盡J34nB311_p0796b12具,此伏羲之心眼中,先有此易經,俯仰遠近,不定中J34nB311_p0796b13定,所謂先天而不能違也。文王又何所見,便能名其J34nB311_p0796b14畫象,字其卦爻,而曲盡其奉天時義乎?亦惟文王自J34nB311_p0796b15信其寂感秩序之故,始悟伏羲與天地人物同此先J34nB311_p0796b16天不變易之體,而後因之為後天變易之用,正以盡J34nB311_p0796b17後天變易之用,而後不違其先天不變易之體也。周J34nB311_p0796b18公孔子自悟皆然,故曰:先須知自心之易,始知天地J34nB311_p0796b19之易。伏羲文王周孔之易,即如村民之出私意,非結J34nB311_p0796b20繩之易乎?天地之易,無言而四時行、百物生,此天命J34nB311_p0796b21之流行,雖有變化,無生死也。伏羲之易,有畫象而無J34nB311_p0796b22名言,乃代天地人物收其性情之秘密,而藏諸卦爻J34nB311_p0796b23之中,雖有變化,亦無死生。文王之易,本於天命,發於J34nB311_p0796b24至情,以人物後天之易,推其情偽相感,故有喜怒哀J34nB311_p0796b25樂吉凶悔吝之交易、移易、翻易、變易、轉易,與決不可J34nB311_p0796b26易之道。此雖全體居於變易之用,其全用之道,亦實J34nB311_p0796b27無生死也。周孔述而不作,顯微闡幽,使民生日用身J34nB311_p0796b28心性命,知先後天之體用,有原始反終之故,順流逆J34nB311_p0796b29轉之機,先後豈相違哉。先天畫象之易,如生成孩子J34nB311_p0796b30之全體,後天繫辭之易,如教養食息之全用。非此全J34nB311_p0796c01體,無資全用,非此全用,不享全體。文王周孔三聖之J34nB311_p0796c02贊易,乃亙古今教養民生之慧命也。何卦何爻,非教J34nB311_p0796c03養身心性命之法,又何卦何爻,有吉凶悔吝之法,又J34nB311_p0796c04何卦何爻,無吉凶悔吝之法哉。即如一身六根,本自J34nB311_p0796c05聰明,本自互用,本自渾同,本自差別,各各不相知而J34nB311_p0796c06自知,各各不相到而自到,親疏自得,天然渾忘於大J34nB311_p0796c07化中也如此。然生民既有情偽交作矣,安得無教養J34nB311_p0796c08哉。教養之法,全在一幾之通變,見於幾先,無往不吉,J34nB311_p0796c09一不知幾,而錯亂用心,則不免於自陷,此中固自有J34nB311_p0796c10吉凶之太少也。如視聽言動,原無吉凶悔吝,但以不J34nB311_p0796c11知正己為元吉,而逐其私欲,則視聽言動,便有非體J34nB311_p0796c12之凶悔吝也。使能正己之元吉,動止中節,則又何有J34nB311_p0796c13視聽言動,而非天然之禮哉?即民生日用,飲食衣服,J34nB311_p0796c14艸木寒暑,原無吉凶悔吝,正以未得教養變通之法,J34nB311_p0796c15未免奇偶誤用,負此生成恩德,反不如野人不自欺,J34nB311_p0796c16不為人欺也。欲為天下萬世之君親師友,與為天下J34nB311_p0796c17萬世之子民者,孰可不知自心具有生成教養之大J34nB311_p0796c18易哉?如此視之,使先天不與後天交,則先天墮於死J34nB311_p0796c19劫,後天陷於生緣。正以先天後天之能交,則先天活J34nB311_p0796c20而不死,後天寂而常生也。看透此先後天之交易,自J34nB311_p0796c21於易而不易,生死不能遷流,不易而易,造化自能任J34nB311_p0796c22運,又何禪道佛法之不可以參入哉?欲知安身立命,J34nB311_p0796c23而能常變化以超生死者,又何可不知此四聖自心J34nB311_p0796c24之易義哉?智曰:「伏羲畫易,亦是後天,亦用占幾。文周J34nB311_p0796c25孔子,都具先天,自能格致。須知中無先後,靜正不禦,J34nB311_p0796c26俯仰遠近,內外一本,秩序變化,歷然寂然,格物之則,J34nB311_p0796c27即天之則,即心之則,四聖原不求無為於恍惚也。」
因舉五位綱宗而論及象數端幾
J34nB311_p0796c29古人之立法立言,正如大易之立象立辭也。使無大J34nB311_p0796c30易之象辭,則天下萬世,何從而得天地造化之幾微,J34nB311_p0797a01人物生死之性命哉?所貴於觀象玩辭,而顯仁藏用J34nB311_p0797a02也。人每以理為活,數為死。不知理雖活,或以意見自J34nB311_p0797a03用,而反落於怪邪。數雖死,能存法則,而可悟其天然。J34nB311_p0797a04有不得於象,則求之於辭。有不得於辭,則求之於象。J34nB311_p0797a05或於言辭有盡,而得象意無窮。是法住法位,世間相J34nB311_p0797a06常住,不於此可悟耶。
象數有法則而無情識
J34nB311_p0797a08或曰:「不墮諸數矣,又論數乎?」曰:「數數者非數。邵子亦J34nB311_p0797a09云:『一非數也,從二起數。』」師因屈指曰:「一二三四五。」伸J34nB311_p0797a10指曰:「六七八九十。此處容得一毫情識造作安排也J34nB311_p0797a11乎?推而行之,化而裁之,極其變通乎?神體物而不可J34nB311_p0797a12遺,百姓日用而不知耳。單執一句不墮諸數,乃是剔J34nB311_p0797a13出之法身,執之是為理障。不見道:舍第二句第三句,J34nB311_p0797a14別無第一句乎?不則執名相與掃名相,皆不能會通,J34nB311_p0797a15依然各守所知愚耳。神而明之,存乎其人。」
會通不礙名相
J34nB311_p0797a17姚愚谷曰:「西來以破名相為宗,何樂於存像教以自J34nB311_p0797a18泥其宗旨乎?」杖人曰:「人知名相之為名相,抑不知名J34nB311_p0797a19相之為全機大用也。佛初生,指天指地,周行七步,目J34nB311_p0797a20顧四方,與末後拈花,亦何非名相乎?」
五備五明
J34nB311_p0797a22何謂五備?曰:「羅什答遠公云:『五備者,福也、戒也、博聞J34nB311_p0797a23也、辨才也、深智也。仁者備之,善弘其事。』」何謂佛學五J34nB311_p0797a24明?曰:「聲明、巧明、醫明,謂因明、內明也。四明是資生用J34nB311_p0797a25物,法制名義也。內明乃身心性命之理也。壽祠平術,J34nB311_p0797a26則四吠陀外道也。華嚴五地菩薩,無所不知,能於曆J34nB311_p0797a27律學藝,莫不通曉,故能涉俗利生。誰謂文佛入中土,J34nB311_p0797a28而不能讀此土之書乎?達磨對彼時經論,支蔓福禱J34nB311_p0797a29功德之病,而藥救之,指出心體,尊正法眼藏也。將以J34nB311_p0797a30不通文字,為不立文字乎哉?盡兩問是文字海。伏羲J34nB311_p0797b01自合俯仰遠近,而讀天地之書,即是讀自己之書。觸J34nB311_p0797b02馬龜,畫卦圖,乃是抄造化之文章,衍自心之秩序。一J34nB311_p0797b03多相貫,總別同時,特世眼自障耳。折攝正欲備明,不J34nB311_p0797b04礙三番兩折。根本智易得,差別智難窮。分心分識,豈J34nB311_p0797b05得已乎?佛見舁豬者,問之。舁者曰:『佛具一切智,豬亦J34nB311_p0797b06不識。』佛曰:『正須問過。』然則好問察邇者,入太廟,每事J34nB311_p0797b07問者,可以通觀矣。六合周行,初生即備,物物皆然,但J34nB311_p0797b08不自知耳。不因鏡水,誰見自己面目?不徵三才,誰信J34nB311_p0797b09自心條理?慎獨格致,仁智交圓,何外何內,而自裂其J34nB311_p0797b10夤哉?然習俗浮濁,不能清明,自須從靜正入。」
金鎞
J34nB311_p0797b12才三
J34nB311_p0797b13岐伯對黃帝曰:「言天者求之本,言地者求之位,言人J34nB311_p0797b14者求之氣交。」范蠡曰:「持盈者與天,定傾者與人,節事J34nB311_p0797b15者與地。」孟子曰:「地有肥碻雨露之養,人事之不齊也。」J34nB311_p0797b16杖人曰:「無處不具三才,無處不是三不齊,惟心統天J34nB311_p0797b17地人之用,而物示天地人之則。見破者時用之,即時J34nB311_p0797b18統之矣。知天即能用天,知地即能用地,格物即能知J34nB311_p0797b19天地,而各正性命,百物不廢,惟我裁之,惟我才之。宗J34nB311_p0797b20門無所不統,超一切而入一切,若膠一橛,猶是枯椿。」
才真不可假
J34nB311_p0797b22有假道以自匿者,而真才必不可假也。處於才不才J34nB311_p0797b23之間,似之而非也。必盡其變、知其故,而後不枉其才、J34nB311_p0797b24不負其才。顯仁藏用,則才即道也。劍室燈帷,正所以J34nB311_p0797b25善用其才耳。
道德法
J34nB311_p0797b27體道凝德而明法,則三者分而本一也。學者不析以J34nB311_p0797b28顯之,則有乍聞偏舉而爭者矣。法主於明,德主於闇,J34nB311_p0797b29道在默識。或離法以言至德,離德以言天道,將謂制J34nB311_p0797b30度果為末務,而四時與誠明無與乎?
比興賦
J34nB311_p0797c02比、興、賦何處不具?有比中之興賦焉,興中之比賦焉,J34nB311_p0797c03賦中之比興焉,猶之函蓋乾坤,截斷眾流,隨波逐浪J34nB311_p0797c04之可九也。圓覺二十五清淨輪,乃禪那、玅奢、三摩之J34nB311_p0797c05所衍也。華嚴之旨,別即是圓,尚有疑耶?
因兩而後用參
J34nB311_p0797c07鯤鵬者,淵天也。北南者,冬夏也。習坎,心亨而離明,麗J34nB311_p0797c08化也。高深潛飛,莫非是也。培風者,下學而上達也。《中J34nB311_p0797c09庸》首之戒懼,《論語》首之悅樂,同耶?異耶?特刱筆以寫J34nB311_p0797c10之,而破其名言之滯執耳。因兩而後用參,此所以貞J34nB311_p0797c11夫一也。執其兩端,用其中於民。若執一端,死法必不J34nB311_p0797c12能用中矣。故曰:道寓於器,亦泯於器。情節於法,而泯J34nB311_p0797c13其法。過而不及,乃知用中。中而旁行,乃能會通。
平奇互藥
J34nB311_p0797c15俗不可醫,非奇不能。出類拔萃,好奇成病,以平寔消J34nB311_p0797c16歸之。鄙田碻阪,一望黃茅,忽有古木危石,寧不一徘J34nB311_p0797c17徊耶?千人有英,一州有豪,役人自養,執所必然。學者J34nB311_p0797c18卓犖不凡,或伉行,或文鋒,或淹洽,或高逸,皆喬楚也。J34nB311_p0797c19是真畸人,不依廡下,別路孤行,寧可禁乎?惟遇聖人,J34nB311_p0797c20乃能賞鑑而煆化之。故曰:怨怒致中和,奇特造平淡。
道善性
J34nB311_p0797c22一陰一陽之謂道,繼之者善也,成之者性也。此舉天J34nB311_p0797c23命之性而三句衍之乎?道之泯,善性也;性之藏,善道J34nB311_p0797c24也;善之統,性道也;三而一也。官天繼善,人道總持,則J34nB311_p0797c25由擇善得一善以止至善,故曰善。用貫有無,則全天J34nB311_p0797c26委化,造命俟命,皆止至善中之固然者也。非知其故,J34nB311_p0797c27則此三句離微且角爭矣,知惟心識矣,知物自獻其J34nB311_p0797c28天則矣,器自具有良法矣。統類時宜,本不變也,更有J34nB311_p0797c29何說可以惑我?絲毫若疑,請自反復。
偏藥正用須知其故
J34nB311_p0798a01主於斷欲,其藥多偏;主於明理,其用自正。要惟知其J34nB311_p0798a02故,乃能旁行不流,而時宜用中。夫三才性命,費隱秩J34nB311_p0798a03序,一多宇宙,寂感橐籥,所謂故也。聖人知其故,而質J34nB311_p0798a04建不惑,不惑乃是真不動心。時正烹茶,杖人笑曰:「破J34nB311_p0798a05蒲葵扇,臘月亦有用處。」
不斷滅而變化
J34nB311_p0798a07丹曰:「如灰覆火,此亦一故也。」杖人曰:「此謂終不可斷J34nB311_p0798a08滅耳,非謂不可變化也。禮樂薰蒸,學問陶寫,正如剡J34nB311_p0798a09矢探輪者然,又如移花接木者然。如法制之,如法養J34nB311_p0798a10之,乃得其用。豈曰如灰覆火,終不得斷,而置之諉之J34nB311_p0798a11乎?欲知此故,非真參遍參不決也。」
心自本靈受命如響
J34nB311_p0798a13興公言:「一友夢神言:『同學張生初五死,李生初十死。』J34nB311_p0798a14驚醒記之,至期果然。此何故耶?」杖人曰:「心自本靈,切J34nB311_p0798a15勿昧滅。易言受命如嚮,尚不信乎?筳篿者,鏡聽者,總J34nB311_p0798a16以至誠為驗。靜專一心,觸幾成識,況叩之靜正神明J34nB311_p0798a17者哉?大道慧足,而不欲為慧所使,故正訓不詳耳。理J34nB311_p0798a18有顯晦,原無斷滅,如晦夜不見山林,而山林如故也。J34nB311_p0798a19末流每倚心不自知而荒之。噫!」
報不忘
J34nB311_p0798a21《維摩經》曰:「無我無作無受者,善惡之報亦不忘。」此正J34nB311_p0798a22顯虛靈不昧之本體,此正顯法住法位為固然。正己J34nB311_p0798a23晏逝,謂之無作無受,業力強弱,自作自受,原無所逃J34nB311_p0798a24也。惡空強自解說,臨終迫乃情見,與正己晏逝者,宵J34nB311_p0798a25壞懸隔矣。辟如口作大言,空房毛侸,業報隨現,更何J34nB311_p0798a26諉哉。以易徵之,一不壞,二亦不壞,決無二外之一。千J34nB311_p0798a27里應違,始於一念,因果歷然,本不可昧,豈必臨終乃J34nB311_p0798a28知之乎。故曰:知無我則不違理,知不忘則不壞事。依J34nB311_p0798a29法而住,即是脫體無依,不可以剝蕉之語,而昧其寔J34nB311_p0798a30際也。
研極徵信
J34nB311_p0798b02本為盲修,故須勉其參究,往往錯仞,又復蹉過,不可J34nB311_p0798b03語上誤而可乎?若人欲了知,日日念誦,猶不破生死J34nB311_p0798b04之疑乎?真參見性,猶不破心識之疑城乎?緣生無性,J34nB311_p0798b05猶不破恍惚而安法位乎?《中庸》言盡性、盡人、盡物,《易》J34nB311_p0798b06言至精、至變、至神,自非研極徵信,安能決疑?末流無J34nB311_p0798b07真願力,道聽說鈴,八風一吹,毫無主宰,受用不及,曼J34nB311_p0798b08語紿人,又不如荷鉏磨研,自食其力者之為無欺也。
杖門隨集
J34nB311_p0798c02J34nB311_p0798c03 J34nB311_p0798c04雙選社
J34nB311_p0798c05六十四種當如事
J34nB311_p0798c06此事當如事選,事選當如事射,事射當如事中,事中J34nB311_p0798c07當如事卜,事卜當如事佛,事佛當如事感,事感當如J34nB311_p0798c08事天,事天當如事君,事君當如事鏡,事鏡當如事親,J34nB311_p0798c09事親當如事燈,事燈當如事暗,事暗當如事心,事心J34nB311_p0798c10當如事師,事師當如事眼,事眼當如事夢,事夢當如J34nB311_p0798c11事友,事友當如事想,事想當如事子,事子當如事病,J34nB311_p0798c12事病當如事冤,事冤當如事救,事救當如事毒,事毒J34nB311_p0798c13當如事情,事情當如事偶,事偶當如事繡,事繡當如J34nB311_p0798c14事春,事春當如事園,事園當如事種,事種當如事名,J34nB311_p0798c15事名當如事仇,事仇當如事利,事利當如事罪,事罪J34nB311_p0798c16當如事欲,事欲當如事刑,事刑當如事革,事革當如J34nB311_p0798c17事誠,事誠當如事鬼,事鬼當如事民,事民當如事神,J34nB311_p0798c18事神當如事群,事群當如事怨,事怨當如事貞,事貞J34nB311_p0798c19當如事元,事元當如事險,事險當如事蒙,事蒙當如J34nB311_p0798c20事畏,事畏當如事影,事影當如事欺,事欺當如事意,J34nB311_p0798c21事意當如事智,事智當如事惑,事惑當如事法,事法J34nB311_p0798c22當如事行,事行當如事變,事變當如事悟,事悟當如J34nB311_p0798c23事窮,事窮當如事證,事證當如事迷,事迷當如事覺,J34nB311_p0798c24事覺當如事密,事密當如事藏,事藏當如事誰。誰是J34nB311_p0798c25其人?咄!咄!
名教宗旨之大端
J34nB311_p0798c27天地之能長生不死者,在二氣之中和。佛聖之能長J34nB311_p0798c28生不死者,在此心之精一。範圍天地之化而不過者,J34nB311_p0798c29在易簡。曲成萬物之業而不遺者,在勤儉。精一非勤J34nB311_p0798c30儉則不成,勤儉非精一則不當。易簡非勤儉則不能J34nB311_p0799a01範圍,中和非勤儉則不能位育。唯勤於聖人之名教,J34nB311_p0799a02則天下有功於生發。唯儉於聖人之名教,則天下有J34nB311_p0799a03德於收成。勤而不儉則虛花不果,儉而不勤則死煞J34nB311_p0799a04無為。天行健而勤,不息於博施;地載厚而儉,有餘於J34nB311_p0799a05濟眾。民不務易簡,則浮蕩於生死,皆無結實;民不務J34nB311_p0799a06精一,則雜亂於性命,皆無歸根。聖學不精一,則天人J34nB311_p0799a07之道不明;聖治不易簡,則倫常之道不行。修身齊家J34nB311_p0799a08不勤儉,則敗亡;正心誠意不精一,則茫昧。三教九流,J34nB311_p0799a09百工技藝,治世出世,教人養人,不於精一中和易簡J34nB311_p0799a10勤儉中八字,而得其宗旨,則終是雜用形神,徒勞生J34nB311_p0799a11死,不當於身心性命之法。以精一而參悟於宗門,則J34nB311_p0799a12證金剛上師;以勤儉而修證於教法,則成華嚴密藏。
六十四種妙于參
J34nB311_p0799a14雙選,妙于促參;促參,妙于杖易;杖易,妙于機創;機創,J34nB311_p0799a15妙于交隔;交隔,妙于兩責;兩責,妙于不白;不白,妙于J34nB311_p0799a16爻觸;爻觸,妙于見獨;見獨,妙于四迷;四迷,妙于夢駭;J34nB311_p0799a17夢駭,妙于路亡;路亡,妙于蹋毒;蹋毒,妙于眼瞥;眼瞥,J34nB311_p0799a18妙于伏符;伏符,妙于對背;對背,妙于脫屣;脫屣,妙于J34nB311_p0799a19升刺;升刺,妙于計殺;計殺,妙于奪空;奪空,妙于隙死;J34nB311_p0799a20隙死,妙于活橫;活橫,妙于解橛;解橛,妙于滅垛;滅垛,J34nB311_p0799a21妙于鋒的;鋒的,妙于破立;破立,妙于谷函;谷函,妙于J34nB311_p0799a22飛幻;飛幻,妙于勿與;勿與,妙于兼收;兼收,妙于群放;J34nB311_p0799a23群放,妙于驅疏;驅疏,妙于不逃;不逃,妙于宥宗;宥宗,J34nB311_p0799a24妙于格拜;格拜,妙于訂拆;訂拆,妙于逆成;逆成,妙于J34nB311_p0799a25傷出;傷出,妙于風入;風入,妙于木先;木先,妙于火薦;J34nB311_p0799a26火薦,妙于革金;革金,妙于食句;食句,妙于神示;神示,J34nB311_p0799a27妙于春甘;春甘,妙于偷絕;偷絕,妙于花語;花語,妙于J34nB311_p0799a28石頷;石頷,妙于天故;天故,妙于笑逗;笑逗,妙于竿倒;J34nB311_p0799a29竿倒,妙于不指;不指,妙于古在;古在,妙于傳賺;傳賺,J34nB311_p0799a30妙于今無;今無,妙于不敢;不敢,妙于蟄申;蟄申,妙于J34nB311_p0799b01試多;試多,妙于森愚;森愚,妙于不印;不印,妙于文艸;J34nB311_p0799b02文艸,妙于眾謀;眾謀,妙于葵帝;葵帝,妙于拱眉;拱眉,J34nB311_p0799b03妙于命命。丹衷曰:「八八交參,咄咄命命,當玅者誰?」
參悟宗旨之大端
J34nB311_p0799b05杖人已序結社之意,尚未拈出雙選之宗旨,當如何J34nB311_p0799b06下手始能全身拶入,不致於互相鈍置也?夫選佛選J34nB311_p0799b07儒之舉,古人從來如此結社,間亦有深於不二之名J34nB311_p0799b08教者。然此不傳之密,久在二宗之故紙堆頭、爛籐套J34nB311_p0799b09裏,又有幾人能自夢發疑情,求其妙協而無遺憾哉?J34nB311_p0799b10今杖人特地刱起此機,何當仍以故爛埋沒諸英奇J34nB311_p0799b11耶?且二宗故爛,非二宗咎也,直是無真師友深錐痛J34nB311_p0799b12劄,以了生死、證性命之宗旨,使彼真參實究,自悟此J34nB311_p0799b13向上不傳之密耳。果有真師友,又何患乎不立見斬J34nB311_p0799b14新之條令哉?先此已示六十四種當如事,更續示六J34nB311_p0799b15十四種妙於參,并使同社者深心拶入,必期於同轉J34nB311_p0799b16變、同悟證,庶不負矢上加尖之神疾,亦不致杖人徒J34nB311_p0799b17於大庾嶺頭以網張取此沒勾當也。咦!還有性燥漢J34nB311_p0799b18子來相叫喚,使此天下萬世之真種艸不昧滅乎?杖J34nB311_p0799b19人望甚。丹衷曰:「總以慾忿油麵刳洗浸激乃中節耳。J34nB311_p0799b20又為偏高執旛,故因生成之易而化裁之苦心哉。」
正決
J34nB311_p0799b22欲為英雄豪傑、賢聖佛祖,必先降伏自心,然後始能J34nB311_p0799b23降伏天下;必要作佛聖英豪,則此心自能降伏世界。J34nB311_p0799b24是個洪爐,人人都被世界磨壞;是個漢,始被世界磨J34nB311_p0799b25成。造化必奪英雄之志,始能化英雄;英雄必奪造化J34nB311_p0799b26之權,始能雄造化。若能為千古傷心之人,則能作萬J34nB311_p0799b27世快心之事。人如比干心可剖,是何等心?心如比干J34nB311_p0799b28人可友,作麼生友?人誰不有此心?誰是有此心人?常J34nB311_p0799b29啼菩薩賣心肝,求般若。賣底是甚麼心肝?更求甚麼J34nB311_p0799b30般若?誰要買此個心?買此心來,將何用耶?一星真火,J34nB311_p0799c01能成天下之烈燄;一滴真水,能收天下之狂瀾;一念J34nB311_p0799c02真誠,能感天地之化機;一念真心,能全法界之種性。J34nB311_p0799c03欺一星之火,必為天下烈燄所燒;欺一滴之水,必為J34nB311_p0799c04天下狂瀾所沒;欺師友之一法,必為邪異無救之迷J34nB311_p0799c05徒;欺言行之一幾,必為萬世自心之劫賊。欲求超生J34nB311_p0799c06死性命,何憚而不肯存真?盡天下人弄假,只成就了J34nB311_p0799c07個作真之人。作真底人,既不怕作真底人,又豈怕弄J34nB311_p0799c08假底人?故曰:天地鬼神,刀兵水火,極怕至誠。猶信不J34nB311_p0799c09及耶?事事物物,皆有個天然絕妙,只是當機蹉過,便J34nB311_p0799c10成迷倒真工夫。只是閒忙逆順中,無可奈何處,自己J34nB311_p0799c11參究久之,自入自開。
斧鐸
J34nB311_p0799c13問曰:「不知盤古一斧,從何處來的?」曰:「我於不得已處,J34nB311_p0799c14忽然感觸著此物耳。」問:「感觸後又何如?」曰:「我終不敢J34nB311_p0799c15輕此一問。」問:「儀封人中途替天拋出一個木鐸,有知J34nB311_p0799c16其來處麼?」曰:「答在問處。」曰:「何故用此?」曰:「心無師法,則J34nB311_p0799c17不能使六識嚴密,如六部之臣服,以統六根六塵,如J34nB311_p0799c18六合之泰寧。古人曰:『寧作心師,不可師心。』此心師法,J34nB311_p0799c19又從何出耶?將謂眾人師賢人,賢人師聖人,聖人師J34nB311_p0799c20萬物耶?萬物即天地也,天地萬物皆於穆之斧鐸也。J34nB311_p0799c21斧鐸者,能造規矩,傳規矩,而斧鐸即規矩也。惟志於J34nB311_p0799c22公,則能致真知而立其大者,故物格而無惑。物格無J34nB311_p0799c23惑,處處皆天命之流行。使初志之不公不大,又何能J34nB311_p0799c24學而不厭,誨人不倦,如天之行健,地之效順,而至誠J34nB311_p0799c25無息哉?唯君與師能得此斧鐸,則能主教養之道。姑J34nB311_p0799c26析而言之,以衣食之教養身,以倫常之教養世,以仁J34nB311_p0799c27義之教養情,以道德之教養心,以天命之教養性,以J34nB311_p0799c28向上不傳之教養神化。但標仁義,則萬物一體,仁也;J34nB311_p0799c29各得其所,義也。若曰於穆不已,則一切皆歸不可思J34nB311_p0799c30議矣。君師授天下臣民以規矩,天下各時習其規矩,J34nB311_p0800a01而成天下之巧。善取法則自省力,善讀書則自會通,J34nB311_p0800a02能戒慎則自悅樂,能專精則自入神。蓋以習其所知,J34nB311_p0800a03其所不知自悟;行其所能,其所不能者自成也。能盡J34nB311_p0800a04子道,則父母在其中。若以養子方知父母恩,則為子J34nB311_p0800a05時皆不能盡孝道矣。真忠孝人,決不謂自己是忠孝。J34nB311_p0800a06孔子是立極聖人,學易可以無過;顏子是克復亞聖,J34nB311_p0800a07知幾能不違仁。尼山以萬世為國土,顏子易短命為J34nB311_p0800a08長年。聖人責君子甚忠,責小人甚恕,不敢抹殺小人J34nB311_p0800a09一念之良,不忍姑息君子一念之過,在君子心上挽J34nB311_p0800a10救出小人,在小人心上挑剔出君子。善立義則自貴,J34nB311_p0800a11善集義則豫定。不為己甚則大,能留後手則昌。求人J34nB311_p0800a12之短,雖古聖賢亦有過;用人之長,雖下流者無可棄。J34nB311_p0800a13口業最利害,小則關一人一家,大則關天下萬世。學J34nB311_p0800a14道自不妄語始,口無擇言者,時然後言,言為心苗,一J34nB311_p0800a15勘便知。不見大慧呵默照之邪禪,陽明之言默有四J34nB311_p0800a16偽乎?言語通,親眷屬,此千古丹頭;識得破,忍不過,是J34nB311_p0800a17天下通病。聖賢必須善讀書、能戒懼中來。」
約節得中
J34nB311_p0800a19守約則施博,知節則得中。浮奢作俑,是教法總弊。既J34nB311_p0800a20不慎獨,即無忌憚,務為太過不及,以亂勤儉簡易之J34nB311_p0800a21道,使民不知率從。若圖漸次禁制,必自主治政者始。J34nB311_p0800a22佛教之制,以身心性命為務,能就禪經律論觀淨諸J34nB311_p0800a23宗而參悟取證之,又何有濫浮之亂?且使俗人看看J34nB311_p0800a24天半峨眉,一陣松風時時過耳,其為陰翊王化何如?J34nB311_p0800a25況更有煆煉向上之中道乎?
捄安捄樂
J34nB311_p0800a27拈。三世諸佛來供養,六道輪迴之眾生,不過此喜懼J34nB311_p0800a28中發機。然贊得人懽喜徹骨,不如罵得人刻骨傷心。J34nB311_p0800a29人盡知念菩薩能救苦救難,更不知念菩薩能救安J34nB311_p0800a30救樂。苦難易於救人,安樂難於救世。救得世則出得J34nB311_p0800b01世,出得世則救得世。如今還有能救安救樂者乎?喫J34nB311_p0800b02得痾得,不特盧扁用不著,即艸茅庸醫亦用不著。然J34nB311_p0800b03而窮理驗症采藥之醫王,終不自空過也。普門云:「念J34nB311_p0800b04念不空過,能滅諸有苦。」杖人云:「念念不空過,北斗裏J34nB311_p0800b05翻身。」或問:「如何是夢筆?」曰:「千峰驢覷花中影。」進云:「如J34nB311_p0800b06何是境中人?」曰:「一杖風生天下痕。」「恁麼則恩歸有地J34nB311_p0800b07也。」曰:「馳書不到家。」「如何是選佛?」曰:「倒騎玉象趁麒麟,J34nB311_p0800b08金鞭指盡東西路。」「如何是選儒?」曰:「春風得意馬蹄疾,J34nB311_p0800b09一日看遍長安花。」「如何是雙選底向上宗風?」振杖云:J34nB311_p0800b10「待你夢見遮一棒著。」
玅協
J34nB311_p0800b12師與丁仲陽、王於一諸公曰:「世法不兼出世法,則人J34nB311_p0800b13多為利欲恩愛所累,更不知有生死性命、常樂我淨J34nB311_p0800b14之玅;出世法不兼世法,則人多為枯稿寂滅所累,更J34nB311_p0800b15不知有福智莊嚴、學問游養之事。所以世法賴有佛J34nB311_p0800b16法,則性命心親,而情欲心遠,自不致鬥爭劫殺、水火J34nB311_p0800b17刀兵之競起於人間也;佛法賴有世法,則福慧心圓,J34nB311_p0800b18利濟道廣,自不礙山林朝市、凡聖龍蛇之互忘於法J34nB311_p0800b19化也。此言雖淺,可以喻深,而吾洞上宗旨,特立君臣J34nB311_p0800b20正偏,以發明世法、出世法之玅協,真足陰翊王化,密J34nB311_p0800b21旋神幾,信蓮花之法位,垂萬古之經綸,享帝網之珠J34nB311_p0800b22宮,繼千聖之照用。諸公幸同參究,自到兼中,佛祖聖J34nB311_p0800b23賢,果有二道乎哉?譬如甲子,一起甲於東方,一起子J34nB311_p0800b24於北方;譬如宇宙,一衡而平列之,一縱而豎窮之,實J34nB311_p0800b25一際也。」
不語怪力以亂神
J34nB311_p0800b27杖人嘗謂盧子繇曰:「子不語怪力以亂神也。神出至J34nB311_p0800b28誠,怪力乃妄,其不語嚴矣。」
旦氣
J34nB311_p0800b30世法、出世法,如一枰棋相似,處處能占地步,則頭頭J34nB311_p0800c01皆有先著,惟在善應變耳。道人知得活子時之玅,則J34nB311_p0800c02念念皆第一念、時時皆初子時,可信女偊之朝徹、孟J34nB311_p0800c03氏之旦氣,亦秪尊此清明一念之能銳然在躬者,自J34nB311_p0800c04不落昏散之暮氣而通乎晝夜,嘗如神矣。
敬義先難
J34nB311_p0800c06佛法無多,久長難得,自己主人公立得定,造得玅,守J34nB311_p0800c07之不渝,執之能變,如敬鬼神,而務之至密,永遠如是,J34nB311_p0800c08雖先難必後獲也。雖然,義之當為,無計得失,必乘時J34nB311_p0800c09行之。老聃不云乎:「執大象而天下往,往而不害安平J34nB311_p0800c10泰。」此正以能自執其大者,而爭天下先也。孰謂老氏J34nB311_p0800c11不敢先此天下之大象乎?求道不先於性命急切而J34nB311_p0800c12自立,恐猶未免為泛泛浮鷗,隨波而上下矣。
三驗關
J34nB311_p0800c14子曰「視其所以」,可以得其心之發機矣;「觀其所由」,可J34nB311_p0800c15以得其心之流注矣;「察其所安」,可以得其心之落處J34nB311_p0800c16矣。以此三法勘證人之始終,豈不毒於莊子之九徵J34nB311_p0800c17乎?
傳心丹頭
J34nB311_p0800c19聖賢之功在立教,而道在傳心。心學不傳,惟傳此名J34nB311_p0800c20教,漸變為功利爭奪,何以捄之?使無傳心立命之學,J34nB311_p0800c21為之運斤施鑿,終不免以糠秕而陶鑄堯舜之事業J34nB311_p0800c22矣。古人以糠秕陶鑄堯舜者,正恐人滯於名教,變為J34nB311_p0800c23功利爭奪也。孔子自敘,志學而立者,知止也。從心不J34nB311_p0800c24踰矩者,物格也。朝聞夕可,而超超大覺,不為所知愚J34nB311_p0800c25矣。或曰:「孔孟之道,不能行於當世,何歟?」曰:「聖人以萬J34nB311_p0800c26世為土木鐸,至今在耳。薪盡火傳,鑽燧析薪,又何嘗J34nB311_p0800c27不行於天地間耶?神而明之,存乎其人。如能採艸為J34nB311_p0800c28藥,煉藥為毒,煉毒為丹,聚丹為神,則能變化天地人J34nB311_p0800c29物,而照耀今古也。子知之乎?」
琱像
J34nB311_p0801a01大匠得一良材,欲琱佛像,必先得佛像之名義。如佛J34nB311_p0801a02有垂手者,有擎拳者,有高冠莊嚴如觀音者,有坦腹J34nB311_p0801a03散誕如彌勒者。既先得此名義在心,而立其性命,然J34nB311_p0801a04後運斤施鑿,任其橫斜曲直,始有數存焉。雖未即見J34nB311_p0801a05容儀之精與慈威之狀,而彼匠心應手,一一皆率神J34nB311_p0801a06明而化成之矣。至於已成形像,則落乎今時名教節J34nB311_p0801a07義之數矣。其立心造命於未形像之先,是豈人之見J34nB311_p0801a08聞所能及?至於功成像見於有名義之後,人之聲色J34nB311_p0801a09皆可擬矣。是故將發未發之際,神聖之所獨慎,而不J34nB311_p0801a10敢自欺者也。
情見之微
J34nB311_p0801a12凡聖情見之幾,乃微細生滅之妄,妄惑之起,卒不易J34nB311_p0801a13除。或以聖見而去凡情,或以凡情而去聖見,或復以J34nB311_p0801a14情激烈其情,或復以見摧折其見,或以非情見而神J34nB311_p0801a15悟其情見,或以即情見而頓證其情見,故有文殊仗J34nB311_p0801a16劍,罔明出定,婆子燒菴,德山托缽等機緣,正所謂隨J34nB311_p0801a17其顛倒,以緇為素,顛倒想滅,肯心自許,與夫三墮滲J34nB311_p0801a18漏之語,真先聖大悲為法檀度之玅旨也。自非深入J34nB311_p0801a19生死,透出聖凡,安能入此如幻解脫之金剛三昧哉?J34nB311_p0801a20丹曰:「眾生勞之乃安,安乃肯勞。少有一得,蚖蛇戀窟,J34nB311_p0801a21或委之天,或▆其力,或淺視之不過如此,或深畏之J34nB311_p0801a22非我所及,竟亦茫茫喚鐘作甕,故必以楔去楔,以疑J34nB311_p0801a23去疑,親到乃見其誠然,歷過乃知其利害,力竭半途,J34nB311_p0801a24因而退步,究不知也。隴斷迷飲,藉以牢籠,幾能破之,J34nB311_p0801a25故深入門中之▆症,轉變如此,不似世味世獘之易J34nB311_p0801a26辨也。老人苦心哉!今之見性,多泥神我,透脫一路,多J34nB311_p0801a27屬冥諦,迷於本覺,生滅徒然,不了目前,有無俱妄,猶J34nB311_p0801a28不感和盤托出之恩乎?」
真切金剛義
J34nB311_p0801a30不見古之英雄,如漢高祖,以布衣提三尺劍,假為義J34nB311_p0801b01帝發喪之師,於諸暴虐王侯手中奪得天下。及見沙J34nB311_p0801b02中偶語,殿上擊劍,乃思制作法度,始於今日,識天子J34nB311_p0801b03之尊。又於沛豐,見諸父老,乃悲歌慷慨,泣數行下。此J34nB311_p0801b04皆真英雄到真切所在,始有此真憤激、真畏懼、真慷J34nB311_p0801b05慨,決非後人扭捏得出、描寫得出。如漢高到此,豈能J34nB311_p0801b06即了帝王之局哉?縱於後來殺叛臣,困白登,屈后妃,J34nB311_p0801b07囑平勃,安劉氏,恐此心尚未能即盡也。夫高祖不過J34nB311_p0801b08為雜霸之業,萬一不能企及三代之聖明,尚自如是,J34nB311_p0801b09況此大法時機,可一言一行、一事一緣即能盡哉?然J34nB311_p0801b10此時機,惟佛聖英雄,乃能言言步步推緊將去,始見J34nB311_p0801b11大業之盛、弘願之深也。空生不是關初一番希有,請J34nB311_p0801b12法後此一番悲泣希有則何以見深?聞此經者,必須J34nB311_p0801b13說到行到,始能曲盡門庭堂奧之玅密哉?噫嘻!英雄J34nB311_p0801b14不遇真知己,寶劍磨來付與誰?
知命
J34nB311_p0801b16不知命無以為君子,吾亦謂不知命亦無以為小人,J34nB311_p0801b17蓋小人實托命於君子也。此命豈易知哉?知命,知天J34nB311_p0801b18也;知禮,知地也;知言,知人也。
知故
J34nB311_p0801b20夢筆詩曰:「天下藏所以,時與機自翻。」知此所以,則知J34nB311_p0801b21天下之故;知此故,則仁無不明,明無不誠,誠則無有J34nB311_p0801b22不能盡己、盡人、盡物,以參天地、贊化育,皆此時機之J34nB311_p0801b23自輪翻也。學易者本諸心,徵諸俯仰遠近,故不為爻J34nB311_p0801b24象所迷;明心者本諸易,以定時位條理,故不為情偽J34nB311_p0801b25所亂。凡此皆有其故,知其故而慎其感,則分合之幾J34nB311_p0801b26不起離岐,生死之變不生疑炫,且能以分合贊化育,J34nB311_p0801b27以生死利性命焉。知此故,則能通乎晝夜而知,即知J34nB311_p0801b28此陰陽分合為原始反終,即知此生死之故,皆天命J34nB311_p0801b29流行之玅也。此故全在原反二字,即用九、用六之用。J34nB311_p0801b30如不知生死之故,如何能用原反?如不知原反之故,J34nB311_p0801c01如何能用生死?如能用生死,則能用九之奇、用六之J34nB311_p0801c02偶;用九、用六,即所以旋天幹地,而用天地人物,使各J34nB311_p0801c03自正其性命矣。
裁成因宜
J34nB311_p0801c05天地之生,如桃之種自為桃,李之種自為李,火之熱J34nB311_p0801c06自炎上,水之濕自潤下,不能使桃李為水火,使水火J34nB311_p0801c07為桃李,即有能使桃李易種、水火相濟,亦其氣機之J34nB311_p0801c08自然也。又天地之能生此艸木金石也,不能使為宮J34nB311_p0801c09室器物之用,雖有可為官室器物之用,亦必聖人之J34nB311_p0801c10學,乃能使之而裁成其用也。又如艸木金石,有寒熱J34nB311_p0801c11補泄之性情,可為藥石,要亦不能自治,必聖人之學,J34nB311_p0801c12始能察其性情,制其氣味,而用以卻疾延年,起死回J34nB311_p0801c13生,乃助發其身心性情之靈玅也。觀此,則其可能不J34nB311_p0801c14可能、可與不可與,是誰所致,不恍然耶?
徵信
J34nB311_p0801c16莊子曰:「聖人之靜,非曰靜也善,故靜也。」非所謂靜而J34nB311_p0801c17無靜者乎?六祖曰:「若要真不動,動上有不動。」非所謂J34nB311_p0801c18動而無動者乎?理外之事,是為事障,事外之理,是為J34nB311_p0801c19理障,猶不信事理不二,而事圓理畢耶?向上圓滿,歸J34nB311_p0801c20無所得,而《首楞嚴》譯為一切事究竟堅固,猶不信本J34nB311_p0801c21來證空,而日用安理也耶?一有多種,二無兩般,是法J34nB311_p0801c22住法位,世間相常住,猶不信一多之相貫,而秩序永J34nB311_p0801c23不壞耶?能隨境沉,智與理泯,猶不信素位即無妄想,J34nB311_p0801c24而中節之為兩忘耶?本末盡歸宗,尊卑用其語,萬物J34nB311_p0801c25各有功,當知用及處,猶不信物皆是我,謂之無物,心J34nB311_p0801c26泯於物,謂之無心耶?然則宗門之燈籠露柱,庭柏布J34nB311_p0801c27衫,果何謂乎?然則《易經》之龍狐鬼豕,杞瓜梯楊,果何J34nB311_p0801c28謂乎?神明者,見一而知萬,故會通象宜,而賾不惡、動J34nB311_p0801c29不亂也。世人見賾為多所迷,見一又為一所迷矣,安J34nB311_p0801c30望位中而時出之?學者須自徵信,乃能致用。
杏花影
J34nB311_p0802a02人宰天地,藏悟於學
J34nB311_p0802a03學而時習之一篇,開口揭盡人宰天地之宗旨矣。若J34nB311_p0802a04無此習,雖有此時,亦不能得此心學之悅。惟得此悅,J34nB311_p0802a05乃能有以及人,而同得此樂也。不到與人同樂,又安J34nB311_p0802a06能使人於生死性命不可知之處,而不慍其無所倚,J34nB311_p0802a07以相冥於無聲無臭之天哉。即此是夫子作而能述J34nB311_p0802a08之行狀,亦是述而不作之張本也。此章三節,首節是J34nB311_p0802a09為未知學者,示其為學之心法,即在明明德也。次節J34nB311_p0802a10是為已能學者,表其為人之化功,即在親民也。末節J34nB311_p0802a11是為學已成者,指其歸宗之密旨,即在止於至善也。J34nB311_p0802a12天地人物,安身立命,其以此學為秘藏乎?物則心矩,J34nB311_p0802a13無外無內,日作日息,消息偕行,生生不息,乘龍御天,J34nB311_p0802a14成位乎中,而時出之時義大哉。故曰:性在習中。時習J34nB311_p0802a15者,所以享其不習之性也。未致未格,學為功力。已格J34nB311_p0802a16已格,學乃茶飯也。丹曰:「下學而上達,達上而學下。無J34nB311_p0802a17上無下,一見永不再見。直下素行,藏萬世於學時。學J34nB311_p0802a18而不厭,誨人不倦,固是其緣不得已,亦正是其隨緣J34nB311_p0802a19放曠,樂以忘憂耳。」
習坎
J34nB311_p0802a21八卦單名,而坎獨言習,何也?習坎維心亨,乃行有尚,J34nB311_p0802a22非習之於心,則不能亨,惟心必以能習坎始悅也。惟J34nB311_p0802a23習乃知學之有生死性命吉凶悔吝之險也,必先迷J34nB311_p0802a24而後得也,必先難而後獲也,必於亢而能有悔,而不J34nB311_p0802a25失其正也,必朝聞此道,而後夕可死也,必於死中得J34nB311_p0802a26此不死之道,乃為可死也。如忠臣孝子義夫節婦,必J34nB311_p0802a27能知此義命之可死,而後能死也,亦必能知此義命J34nB311_p0802a28之不可死,而後能生也,知此然後於生中能死其心,J34nB311_p0802a29於死中能生其心也。如於生死性命尚未有能行,故J34nB311_p0802a30不免借水火刀毒而後能死,未能得原始返終之故,J34nB311_p0802b01知時知幾,獨往獨來,談笑而化也。如紅銅欲出其血,J34nB311_p0802b02白銅欲出其鐵,空中欲出其火,水中欲取其金,豈無J34nB311_p0802b03故而能然乎?此人所不知之處,如未曾習此生死性J34nB311_p0802b04命之險,何能入險出險,行有尚而不慍此旨哉?此莊J34nB311_p0802b05生所謂疑始之學,是其險也。惟以疑始而創發,乃能J34nB311_p0802b06攖寧,所謂攖而後寧,疑而後悟,撥亂乾坤,後見太平,J34nB311_p0802b07雷雨滿盈,經綸乃建,是玅在使人先迷後得,又玅於J34nB311_p0802b08先得而後能入迷,夫豈世人之所知乎?所以天地無J34nB311_p0802b09情,不與聖人同憂,聖人有情,能與百姓同其患難,同J34nB311_p0802b10彼習此諸險,而後共濟此生死性命也。聖人不能自J34nB311_p0802b11濟而悅,則此心命尚不能自有,何能有父母兄弟妻J34nB311_p0802b12子,與有朋友自遠方來,而就我而共濟此險,為心亨J34nB311_p0802b13之樂哉?所謂樂得天下英材而教育之,而於從政乎J34nB311_p0802b14何有?亦可使不識不知者相與順帝之則也。如夫子J34nB311_p0802b15之轍環天下,至於削跡伐木、畏匡厄陳、栖栖遑遑,無J34nB311_p0802b16非樂天知命,如乘六龍以御天也。人不知習坎之玅,J34nB311_p0802b17視之為喪家之狗,而夫子自習其坎中之心,與天一J34nB311_p0802b18之水泛於八八卦爻風波之上,信其中樞,旋機不動,J34nB311_p0802b19感通天下,眾星拱之,南面聽政,亦是習坎繼明。故《禮J34nB311_p0802b20記》曰:「政者,聖人所以藏身之固也。」格物致知,需於酒J34nB311_p0802b21食也。大畏其民是非之志,使善惡之無情者不得盡J34nB311_p0802b22其辭,豈不是人自不能知,而我使其得不慍之秘,乃J34nB311_p0802b23為知本之學哉?夫子亦無知也,「有鄙夫問於我」,是彼J34nB311_p0802b24已有知也,「我則空空如也。扣其所知之兩端而自竭J34nB311_p0802b25焉」,則彼有知亦還無知,與我相冥於空空,又何慍之J34nB311_p0802b26有?此聖人神化不可傳之學也。必先得而後能迷也,J34nB311_p0802b27必悟了還同未悟也。夫婦之愚與知與行,是順帝之J34nB311_p0802b28則也。及其至也,雖聖人亦有所不知不能,此中容不J34nB311_p0802b29得知能也。知能是性命之隱怪,是生死之結根也。知J34nB311_p0802b30能是毒天下之毒也,惟聖人能用之以毒天下之隱J34nB311_p0802c01怪,亦以不知不能而亭毒天下之生死也。如天地之J34nB311_p0802c02大,常自無情而運行其生育;萬物之多,亦常自無情J34nB311_p0802c03而承受其功化。兩皆無情,而未嘗不各自安其性命J34nB311_p0802c04之正也。彼又何嘗相知與相慍哉?聖人以我忘天下J34nB311_p0802c05易,使天下忘我難。擊壤而歌,帝力何有?而堯始可相J34nB311_p0802c06忘而無憂也。人不知天地之大,自有太過不及,故猶J34nB311_p0802c07有所憾,實於天地與己性命何加損之有哉?是以語J34nB311_p0802c08小而無內,天下莫能破也;語大而無外,天下莫能載J34nB311_p0802c09也。此正是人不能知而自不慍之秘旨也。如鳶飛魚J34nB311_p0802c10躍之機,孰使之能然哉?卻能與天淵兩相忘也。此何J34nB311_p0802c11習乎?能使魚習於天乎?能使鳶習於淵乎?此知能之J34nB311_p0802c12所不及也。魚鳶亦何嘗自慍其無此知能為不及哉?J34nB311_p0802c13天淵是鳶魚之天乎?能飛能躍是鳶魚之天命流行J34nB311_p0802c14乎?習坎而心亨,不習無不利,有異同否?習察之秘,食J34nB311_p0802c15鮮知味然矣。將以不知冷熱甘苦為不知味乎?將以J34nB311_p0802c16不敢噉石吞鐵、嚥火服毒為不知味乎?聖人惟自習J34nB311_p0802c17習人,察至夫婦鳶魚無知無能處,乃能放身捨命,與J34nB311_p0802c18無情天地同流,故無適而非此中也。而小人於此,視J34nB311_p0802c19聽言動尚無忌憚而不戒慎,又何能習心於喜怒哀J34nB311_p0802c20樂未發之前,而慎其莫見莫顯之幾哉?世人之所以J34nB311_p0802c21陷於二陰險昧之中者,正是陷其知能於知能,卻乃J34nB311_p0802c22慍聖人不能如鬼畜之迷於五行以為知能,故終無J34nB311_p0802c23自悟性命之天,而享其時中之主人公也。毛燦曰:「且J34nB311_p0802c24有襲倚其不知不能慍聖人之學習為多事者,是其J34nB311_p0802c25陷於二陰又何等哉?」
禮會仁智,學擴仁智
J34nB311_p0802c27《易.繫傳》言:「智崇效天,禮卑法地,為成性存存道義之J34nB311_p0802c28門矣。」又舉道善性而曰:「仁者見之謂之仁,智者見之J34nB311_p0802c29謂之智。」其下即曰:「顯諸仁,藏諸用。」但表仁而不言智,J34nB311_p0802c30何哉?藏諸用即智之事也,博文約禮則顯諸仁矣。故J34nB311_p0803a01曰:易有仁智而無情識。非無情也,節情率性而不違J34nB311_p0803a02其秩序,天則也;非無識也,破識用智而享其神明,鏡J34nB311_p0803a03照也。好仁弊愚,好智弊蕩,而問學者用識化識、游心J34nB311_p0803a04養心者也,禮則會仁智而使民共由者也。水可析可J34nB311_p0803a05合,火因膏因薪,體物者誠,物格則神。禮也,學也,聖人J34nB311_p0803a06與萬世析合膏薪、烹蒸麗化之藏用者也。
大心精心
J34nB311_p0803a08戒慎恐懼,惟危也;不睹不聞,惟微也;有物有則,惟精J34nB311_p0803a09也;無聲無臭,惟一也。大心欲統天地而不踰,即邊是J34nB311_p0803a10中之矩;精心裁成四時而造此,參兩貞一之命。
鑑鍼
J34nB311_p0803a12春秋
J34nB311_p0803a13季彭山曰:「《春秋》之所謂懼者,不逆之於勃然動者之J34nB311_p0803a14不可忍,而牖之於隱然在者之不容息,非懼其書我J34nB311_p0803a15而不敢為之謂也。」丹舉以問,杖人曰:「因是非還是非,J34nB311_p0803a16即謂之無是非,不必復為之迴避矣。然如推論,不日J34nB311_p0803a17以為刻核,則郭公、夏五亦寓譏貶耶?何怪斷爛之姍J34nB311_p0803a18乎?春秋懷之,故是忠恕之書也。」丹曰:「司馬談宗道家J34nB311_p0803a19無為,而遷《史記》倣《春秋》,不與其父旨違乎?」杖人曰:「談J34nB311_p0803a20執遷手云:周衰,孔子修舊起廢,至今五百歲,有能紹J34nB311_p0803a21明之?正易傳,繼春秋,本詩、書、禮、樂之際,意在斯乎?是J34nB311_p0803a22遷奉父命也,遷之大孝也,又所以申明道家之大用J34nB311_p0803a23也。」曰:「艸野作春秋,亢乎?」曰:「時亢而亢則悔,亦龍也。宰J34nB311_p0803a24相非天子,政府即朝廷,尚有疑耶?」
假馬
J34nB311_p0803a26孔子侍座於季孫,季孫之宰通曰:「君使八假馬,其與J34nB311_p0803a27之乎?」孔子曰:「吾聞取於臣謂之取,不曰假。」季孫悟,告J34nB311_p0803a28宰曰:「自今以來,君有取謂之取,無曰假。」杖人曰:「聖人J34nB311_p0803a29救正天下萬世,只在一字。愚謂君取於臣不曰假,則J34nB311_p0803a30臣進於君可曰與乎?」黃坤五因言:「名為五欲之一,達J34nB311_p0803b01人視聖人舍身立名教,大似生銀入銅,乃可用耳。」杖J34nB311_p0803b02人曰:「聲聞為我,便欲斷滅。且問此欲成聲聞乘之我,J34nB311_p0803b03非名根乎?福果則利根也。立教必正名,故曰:名不可J34nB311_p0803b04得而好,不可得而避。此中道而立之教綱也。入道真J34nB311_p0803b05實,須全放下,纔著名想,便為名鬼所噉矣。果熟香飄,J34nB311_p0803b06隨緣行化,故曰:名空不避名。聖人立命,不落因緣之J34nB311_p0803b07見;聖人裁成,不落自然之見。故知其所以然,行乎不J34nB311_p0803b08得不然,即嘗泯於當然,是名教即自然也。但未過屢J34nB311_p0803b09空卓立之關者,未可同日語矣。」
陳不占
J34nB311_p0803b11齊崔杼弒莊公,有陳不占者,聞君難,將赴之。比去,餐J34nB311_p0803b12則失匕,上車失軾。御者曰:「怯如是,去有益乎?」不占曰:J34nB311_p0803b13「死君,義也;勇怯,氣也。」遂往,聞鼓聲而死。杖人曰:「特地J34nB311_p0803b14離微,其義乃著。孟子以兩不謂發揮中庸之三,謂水J34nB311_p0803b15中鹽味,色裏膠青,不於此剔一燈乎?」智曰:「藥止可以J34nB311_p0803b16醫血氣,心病還須治神。此可悟全盂全水,全清全光,J34nB311_p0803b17不二不一之故矣。」丹曰:「晏嬰於莊公之難曰:『獨吾君J34nB311_p0803b18也乎哉?』非其親暱,誰敢任之?」弘演則曰:「安得選無過J34nB311_p0803b19之君而後死之?二者孰是?」杖人曰:「既能舍身,何不平J34nB311_p0803b20日引君于道之為得乎?然君亦有諫而不聽者,自視J34nB311_p0803b21其職何如,可以引去,則獲明夷之心於出門庭,亦一J34nB311_p0803b22道也。論事之書,且快發其一節焉已耳。」丹曰:「卓吾謂J34nB311_p0803b23趙苞、溫嶠為殺母逆賊,然乎?」杖人曰:「迫於重親,猶一J34nB311_p0803b24丸藥之決曰救父耳。苞全城而歸,死墓下,復何咎乎?J34nB311_p0803b25溫嶠為國,固自有辭,然不能臥薪嘗膽,以感激同朝J34nB311_p0803b26臣子,而乃以紗障謀豔煽,又何辭以逭責乎?徐庶曰:J34nB311_p0803b27『今失老母,方寸亂矣。入魏而不獻一策以老,是亦一J34nB311_p0803b28道也。』」智曰:「先廷尉公言:『觀趙苞之苦,凡仕危地,不當J34nB311_p0803b29迎養沛公,先迎太公居漢中,豈有俎上之事哉?後周J34nB311_p0803b30宇文護以毋在齊而緩之。馬超棄父擇主,固何如李J34nB311_p0803c01璀也?』無故使人縮高其親,豈能望竇建德赦李勣之J34nB311_p0803c02父乎?何可不審!」獨孤寒曰:「達人知事,執之固然。先幾J34nB311_p0803c03遠引,不受人之職,即可不殉人之難,此莊子休所謂J34nB311_p0803c04養親盡年者乎?」杖人歎曰:「既落人間,業緣難避。」
隱讓
J34nB311_p0803c06環中堂曰:「田單可以有齊而不有,郭子儀可以有唐J34nB311_p0803c07而不有,朱虛侯可以有漢而不有,皆隱讓也。」杖人曰:J34nB311_p0803c08「隱讓自泰伯始,非孔子稱之,誰知其為至德?吾故謂J34nB311_p0803c09丹朱為大孝子,甘心不才,而以天下讓人,成父之志,J34nB311_p0803c10亦隱讓也。莊子首表堯讓天下與許由,是為讓書,高J34nB311_p0803c11人達士不與天下爭,而別行一路,且以自娛,亦隱讓J34nB311_p0803c12也。」
正諷、奇諷
J34nB311_p0803c14光武欲廢郭后,以問郅惲,惲曰:「床第之間,父尚不能J34nB311_p0803c15得之於子,況臣能得之於君乎?然古來廢后奪嫡,往J34nB311_p0803c16往亡國,願陛下慎之。」其對太子,復勸以順為孝,此最J34nB311_p0803c17善處人骨肉者,語正而婉,真可法也。唐讓皇之遜明J34nB311_p0803c18皇,蓋觀此乎?何魏徵之智不及此?李泌之爭太子,迎J34nB311_p0803c19刃而解,藏鋒應機,得庖丁之神者乎?然終不能救建J34nB311_p0803c20寧王倓,事固有不可盡論者。諫有五,孔子取諷,有旨J34nB311_p0803c21哉!魏武立後不決,以問賈詡,詡不對,曰:「何以不言?」曰:J34nB311_p0803c22「有所思。」曰:「何思?」曰:「思袁本初、劉景升父子耳。」此奇諷J34nB311_p0803c23也。德宗欲復用盧杞,以廷爭而止,轉別駕,泌曰:「連日J34nB311_p0803c24比陛下於桓、靈,今日此舉,則堯、舜不如也。」胡致堂乃J34nB311_p0803c25曰:「何得以堯、舜獻媚?迂哉!程伊川有方長不折之諫,J34nB311_p0803c26司馬溫公曰:『它日使主上不欲親賢,殆此故也。』」
內黃舍人兒
J34nB311_p0803c28項兵欲屠內黃舍人,兒十三歲,數語救之。范增坐視J34nB311_p0803c29坑秦,卒屠新安,乃不如此十三歲兒耶?鴻門舉玦,長J34nB311_p0803c30沙之毒,背疽早自此發矣。矢人函人,擇術烏能無感?
營脫
J34nB311_p0804a02鸞傭曰:「阮思曠以虛譽無寔,王敦出之於外。劉伯倫J34nB311_p0804a03為建武參軍,以無用罷。鄭綮歇後,亦此類也。費貽漆J34nB311_p0804a04癩,郭文不妻不肉,袁閎土室,非故為己甚,以為非此J34nB311_p0804a05無以營脫。環中堂終懷詩曰:『熊道生掃門,韋祖思誤J34nB311_p0804a06拜。辛謐甘不食,王尼車早壞。龔壯稱耳聾,王嘉竟負J34nB311_p0804a07債。古人善支離,神仙亦鍼繲。變名棄妻子,不知其所J34nB311_p0804a08在。采藥亦遇毒,鍼砭莫驚怪。獨有華山翁,一墮何如J34nB311_p0804a09快。』」杖人曰:「〈德充符〉以王駘一輩,寫魯國申夭之化身,J34nB311_p0804a10其上律下襲之鍼繲,支離游於列國,是誰知之?正為J34nB311_p0804a11時乘六龍,別峰異類,隨處肥遯,自非世人之所測也。」
簡傲非道
J34nB311_p0804a13丹曰:「舐痔兼車,鳴鳶吝腐。以茲自口,於焉玩物。殊異J34nB311_p0804a14虛舟,有同攘臂。此晉史之論莊子也。自參曰:老子謙J34nB311_p0804a15退,莊子簡傲,然乎?」杖人曰:「讀書須善讀古人之書,不J34nB311_p0804a16則誣古人,且自陷矣。隱居遣放,郭象以為放而不傲,J34nB311_p0804a17阮籍所謂致意之詞也。讀莊子如讀樂府,乃以告示J34nB311_p0804a18例之乎?韓非解老,慈故能勇,遂流潛礉,將以罪老子J34nB311_p0804a19耶?言因救弊,法久必弊,在後人之善用以濟之,非委J34nB311_p0804a20於至理之弊也。老子言亦刻峭,而當時自處謙退,接J34nB311_p0804a21人以禮,故孔子問禮於老聃,約禮為仁,遜以出之,遯J34nB311_p0804a22象不惡而嚴以禮故也。莊子亦曰:『以刑為體,以禮為J34nB311_p0804a23翼。』謂內嘗戒懼,不起妄念,而外以禮隨順世緣者也。J34nB311_p0804a24戴安道宗老莊而履禮,深以放達為非,可謂有見而J34nB311_p0804a25奉重者。達士取快,往往置愚不肖為不足論,而專責J34nB311_p0804a26賢智,故出口若與經訓相翻耳。形容孤硬便似簡傲,J34nB311_p0804a27形容不犯鋒芒便似波靡,況以鬼神寫照乎?況加以J34nB311_p0804a28才人之賞怪而搆虛乎?故曰:善讀書者貴知寔際。」
王尼
J34nB311_p0804a30王尼見何綏簡傲之書曰:「伯蔚居亂世而矜豪乃爾,J34nB311_p0804b01其能免乎?」或曰:「伯蔚聞此言,必相危害。」尼曰:「伯蔚比J34nB311_p0804b02聞我言,自已死矣。」及永嘉之亂,何氏無遺種,管輅見J34nB311_p0804b03何晏、夏侯湛而規之。人或以何等勢盛,輅曰:「鬼燥鬼J34nB311_p0804b04幽,其能久乎?」丹曰:「管輅亦夭,而王尼且死車牛之下J34nB311_p0804b05矣。」杖人曰:「世亂不可概責,而風尚確有其幾。定數固J34nB311_p0804b06莫能逃,而君子貴乎自盡。嵇叔夜以倨鍛致殺,豈莊J34nB311_p0804b07子之旨哉?『昔慚柳下,今媿孫登。』此其回光語也。不可J34nB311_p0804b08以廣陵散之從容,與夏侯太初之霹靂倚柱而為之J34nB311_p0804b09解也。」
馬伏波
J34nB311_p0804b11竹開嘗舉:「馬伏波戒兄子不得言人過失,然書中述J34nB311_p0804b12杜季良之行,非過乎?其後季良仇人據援書以訟季J34nB311_p0804b13良,梁松因救季良不得,遂恨援而搆之禍,則援亦有J34nB311_p0804b14以取之,不獨受松之拜也。」杖人曰:「雖然,果能瘖乎?或J34nB311_p0804b15責援以老不知休,則彼受之耳。在毒霧中,自念少游J34nB311_p0804b16語:『乘下澤車,何可得也?據鞍矍鑠,未免見長。』」
殷深源、王安石
J34nB311_p0804b18殷浩北伐既敗,廢居東陽,桓溫遺書示引,用合僕之J34nB311_p0804b19意。殷開閉十數,竟達空函,史蓋譏之。杖人曰:「其玄沙J34nB311_p0804b20之白紙乎?兵非高士所能,一試不中,摧幢折牙,深源J34nB311_p0804b21豈不自知?而乃與流俗同醜,吾知其必無是事也。一J34nB311_p0804b22日閱湧幢曰:『殷答空函,斥之也。』咄咄書空,蓋已超凡J34nB311_p0804b23界,入初地矣。道生之對,亦是至情。後溫果殺其子涓J34nB311_p0804b24以報辱。桓玄得志,痛詆浩以成父志。劉裕建義,止競J34nB311_p0804b25武功,何暇改正?故晉書有二大冤屈事,桓氏之於殷J34nB311_p0804b26浩,王庾之於陶士行是也。」丹曰:「相如通西南夷,陸機J34nB311_p0804b27入洛建功,殷浩、房琯之敗,皆不欲以文士自居,亦因J34nB311_p0804b28世不憐才,而以文士輕之,遂爾強談經濟。賈生治安J34nB311_p0804b29策著於長沙,將以陰折。絳、灌、三蘇之策,揣摩可觀,未J34nB311_p0804b30必可行也。」杖人曰:「經濟不可強營,固也。士子居恒,安J34nB311_p0804c01得不講求經濟?近代陽明能作事者,以悟得寔際,故J34nB311_p0804c02人情物理不能惑之。吾嘗惜王安石遇天子知己而J34nB311_p0804c03為國無功者,正如參得一橛禪,不知差別智,所以全J34nB311_p0804c04昧物理而辦事不效也。世豈有官吏與民貿易而不J34nB311_p0804c05侵牟者乎?豈有欲收青苗錢而弛禁令人私鑄者乎?J34nB311_p0804c06曹孟德初置校事,魏文因之,程曉言其弊,王安石欲J34nB311_p0804c07箝口,乃置京城邏卒,其智不及程曉遠矣。」
形神相離,不得不騷
J34nB311_p0804c09離騷者,言乎形神相離,而不得不騷也。卜居漁父,反J34nB311_p0804c10復自盡,道法時位,安於所傷,緣不得已也。太史公非J34nB311_p0804c11屈,何以知其志與日月爭光?原其救少卿一事,真為J34nB311_p0804c12國家,非為朋友,其志不得自明,且得罪焉,是以悲屈J34nB311_p0804c13而自悲耳。學道者亦有形神相離,不得不騷者乎?亦J34nB311_p0804c14有悲人而自悲者乎?噫!
元亮
J34nB311_p0804c16靖節作乞食詩,無非一念所激,恥食世粟。其曰愧我J34nB311_p0804c17非韓才,蓋自傷也。子美曰:「淵明未聞道,達生豈是足。」J34nB311_p0804c18黃山谷曰:「世執此詩以貶陶,非癡人說夢耶?」縱浪人J34nB311_p0804c19化中,不喜亦不懼,而葉夢得亦不肯陶,何也?杖人曰:J34nB311_p0804c20「不妨癡人說夢。」
杖人全集跋
J34nB311_p0805a02道法之時乘也,代錯之本不二也。自非靜正不禦,專J34nB311_p0805a03入甚深,窮盡上下四維,而止有一寔者,未易語其故J34nB311_p0805a04也。事以時起,道以法行,教立尊幢,為眾所射,百家蜂J34nB311_p0805a05午,關責互起,烏能免乎?智嘗以醫學喻醫王,而表醫J34nB311_p0805a06醫之願焉。運氣、經脈、三才,同符靈、素,舉之而人不盡J34nB311_p0805a07達也。張仲景提出傷寒為重而論之。劉河間以傷寒J34nB311_p0805a08為熱病,治用寒涼,而張子和汗吐下寔宗之。李東垣J34nB311_p0805a09辨外感內傷,而闡扶陽之論。朱丹溪謂人身陽有餘J34nB311_p0805a10陰不足,而貴滋陰之方。薛立齋則發揮腎中有真水J34nB311_p0805a11火。其說各別,似乎冰炭,非欲為異也。務發明前人之J34nB311_p0805a12所未發者,則專言之;其已發明者,則略之。合觀而體J34nB311_p0805a13究焉,皆本具者,非人力所可誣飾也。後人不知集大J34nB311_p0805a14成而後能應病予藥,乃囂囂然倚一家而執之,豈不J34nB311_p0805a15蔽哉?況以媮心便其苟簡,易以驩門,以惏心縱其恣J34nB311_p0805a16睢,詭以障世,又挾單方燒靈、素乎?我杖人橫身于刀J34nB311_p0805a17兵水火,求天下大傷心人與之擔荷,傳真宗旨。時至J34nB311_p0805a18此時,喙鳴矯亂,必通其故、必集大成,方能知天下分J34nB311_p0805a19科專門之利害,而用之各隨其類,就材食力,固也。待J34nB311_p0805a20其人而後行,具大過人之資,發公願力,窮盡而統御J34nB311_p0805a21之,乃其所望也。欲集大成,正知遍知,徹上徹下,何可J34nB311_p0805a22以己格物之則?內外互徵,目不敵日,盆水映之無逃J34nB311_p0805a23也。恃自直之箭,則中鵠無矢;恃自圓之木,則行地無J34nB311_p0805a24輪。規繩檃括,而得法者簡矣。蘿必不可以箭,樗必不J34nB311_p0805a25可以輪,盡性而善,因之順理者易矣。每歎言法言性,J34nB311_p0805a26二者聚訟;言守成、言盡變,二者詎免齟齬耶?夫信得J34nB311_p0805a27先天之仁智,而真性不死;自知後天之奉順,而妄心J34nB311_p0805a28不生。猶乾道之健行而無息,坤道之有功而無成也,J34nB311_p0805a29猶有一吷焉。聖人見古今備萬之大獨,而知宙合混J34nB311_p0805a30闢之貫幾,天無先後,中具條理,更何疑乎?末流學者,J34nB311_p0805b01速於見利,規矩偭錯,不盡其誠;巧於護短,怙氣矜勝,J34nB311_p0805b02奇幢尊我,易失毫釐;匿以埋伏,使敵開戶;以奪為捽,J34nB311_p0805b03使不及距;急口之直,執硫使炊;無星之權,向空筈箭。J34nB311_p0805b04袛為利器示之,故流弊用罔耳。破庸籠,破空籠,破疑J34nB311_p0805b05籠,忽開參膺,旋覆頂門,還其重瞳,隨宜鏡照,口司飲J34nB311_p0805b06食言語,時有開閉,而鼻下垂二孔,本無開閉也。蓏理J34nB311_p0805b07相齒,倫脊忘言,是尚為綴旒所縛,而犛靬所炫哉?嗟J34nB311_p0805b08乎時哉!鳳山杖人,忽發堯孔托孤之論,而鹿湖老父,J34nB311_p0805b09亦致竹關下宮之辭,時節因緣,無容迴避,土木同緯,J34nB311_p0805b10歷天適然,安於所傷,習坎自盡,業已一門深入,豁其J34nB311_p0805b11通幾,公因反因,藏于代錯,各一本事,即是共一本分,J34nB311_p0805b12直下原無岐見,復何噥噥?本于無私,而遇緣即宗,同J34nB311_p0805b13患至密,而決于中節,夫豈憂本來於穆之缺少乎?杖J34nB311_p0805b14人觸處創發,而中切脈之針經,反因痛刺,而順新硎J34nB311_p0805b15之刀理,非許常人可以濁識浮情學之者也。如無其J34nB311_p0805b16人,何敢漫責?一橛者一橛,別路者別路,約於不欺,而J34nB311_p0805b17泯於薪火,識大識小,道自不愁斷絕,藏天下于天下J34nB311_p0805b18已矣。故就杖人三彙槁,而芟煩去複,歸決於此,此固J34nB311_p0805b19午會全彰,集大成之雷雨也,安知無傷盡偷心,觸此J34nB311_p0805b20自奮者乎?
鳳山孝人弘智謹識
天界覺浪老和上全錄。佛弟子王梅、張伯J34nB311_p0805c05 升,倡首流通。 伏願J34nB311_p0805c06 皇風洋溢, 佛日增輝;J34nB311_p0805c07 天下太平, 法輪常轉。
J34nB311_p0805c08J34nB311_p0805c09J34nB311_p0805c10J34nB311_p0805c11J34nB311_p0805c12J34nB311_p0805c13J34nB311_p0805c14佛弟子熊進學助刻J34nB311_p0805c15 天界覺浪老和上全錄。 伏願J34nB311_p0805c16 皇風洋溢, 佛日增輝;J34nB311_p0805c17 天下太平, 法輪常轉。
J34nB311_p0805c18J34nB311_p0805c19J34nB311_p0805c20J34nB311_p0805c21J34nB311_p0805c22J34nB311_p0805c23J34nB311_p0805c24信官耿繼善、繼美助刻J34nB311_p0805c25 天界覺浪老和上全錄。 伏願J34nB311_p0805c26 皇風洋溢, 佛日增輝;J34nB311_p0805c27 天下太平, 法輪常轉。
J34nB311_p0805c28J34nB311_p0805c29J34nB311_p0805c30J34nB311_p0806a01J34nB311_p0806a02J34nB311_p0806a03J34nB311_p0806a04佛弟子呂應陽、夏有德、繼旺、廖廷貴、王惟明、高J34nB311_p0806a05 世勳、金有登、朱雲登、董一奇、楊樂平、徐弘勳、鄭J34nB311_p0806a06 正詢、孫元禔、申振祖、劉士惀,助刻J34nB311_p0806a07 天界覺浪老和上全錄。 伏願J34nB311_p0806a08 皇風洋溢, 佛日增輝;J34nB311_p0806a09 天下太平, 法輪常轉。